托福写作重要话题详解

1、EnvironmentalProtection环境问题环境类词汇：1. Ecosystem生态系统2. Ecologicalbalance/equilibrium生态平衡3. Biodiversity生物多样性4. Sustainabledevelopment可持续发展5. Conserve,preserve节约使用,保护6. Environmentallyfriendly,environmentalists对环境无害的，环保主义者7. Countriesmustjoinforces/makeconcertedefforts/unitetocombat/tackle/solve/address

2、environmentalproblems.各个国家在应对环境问题上必须协同作战。8. Raise/elevatepublicawarenessof增强公众意识9. Renewableresources,non-renewableresources,fossilenergy(petroleum,naturalgas,coal)可再生资源，不可再生资源，化石能源(石油，天然气,煤)10. Consume,deplete,exhaust?肖耗，耗光11. Shortage/scarcity/lackof短缺12. Putastrainonthealreadystretchedresource是已经

3、短缺的资源更加紧张13. Deforestation,illegallogging砍伐森林14. Discharge/emitgreenhousegases/carbondioxide)卜放温室气体，二氧化碳15. Carexhaust汽车尾气16. Non-biodegradable/non-decomposablegarbage色垃圾，不可降解垃圾环境类特别关注话题：为什么要保护濒危物种(biodiversity,balancedecosystem)保护化石能源，开发新能源(solarenergy,nuclearpower,wind,water)保护环境和发展经济矛盾吗(sustainab

4、ledevelopment,financialandtechnologicalsupport)环境类好句子：Theearth'secosystemhasbeendeterioratingatastaggeringrate.Inthisdayandage,theimpactmanexertsontheenvironmentismassiveinscale.环境类范文：Topic:agreeordisagree-theenvironmentissuesaretoocomplicated,soindividualscandonothingaboutitontheirownWiththeCli

5、mateSummitinCopenhagenreachingadead-endandwiththefictionalmovie2012turningintoablockbuster,environmentalissueshaveyetagainbecomethemostheatedtopicallovertheworld.Peopledebateoverwhetherthegovernmentsortheindividualsshouldtakeontheprimaryroleinprotectingenvironmentandinfightingpollution.Someholdthati

6、ndividualsshouldtaketheinitiativebutIarguethatitisthegovernmentsthatshouldtaketheleadingpart.Thefollowinganalysiswillfurtherstrengthenmyviewpoint.Inthefirstplace,environmentalissuesaretoocomplicatedandfar-reachingforindividualstoengagein.themostsevereenvironmentalissuestoday,suchasglobalwarming,vari

7、ouspollutionsandpreservationofwildspecies,arefoundinalmosteverycountryintheworld.Individualsscatteredacrosstheglobecandoverylittletosolvetheseproblemswithoutthemobilizationandorganizationoftheirgovernments.Thesolutiontoenvironmentalproblemsliesinthededicationandcooperationofallthegovernmentsinthewor

8、ld.Takeglobalwarmingforanexample.Onepersonboycottingcaruse,orevenathousandpeopledoingthesamething,won'tchangethesituationforalittlebit.AndaftertheunsuccessfulclimatesummitinCopenhagen,wehaverealizedhowdifficultitistosummonaglobaleffort.Secondly,itishumannaturetofocusontheimmediateinterests,which

9、makesithardforindividualstogenuinelycareabouttheenvironment.Asanindividual,wecarethemostaboutourownwell-beingandpaylessattentiontoissuesbeyondourimmediateinterests.Likeenvironmentalprotection.Wedon'treallyworryaboutthegradualrisingofsealevelwhichwillresultinthesubmergingofsmallislandslikeMalDive

10、.Wemayhavelostaperfecthoneymoondestination,butthereisstillabunchathand.Inthiscase,weshouldrelyonthegovernmentstourgeandobligetheircitizenstoactaltruisticallyandlookintothebigpicture.Forinstance,thegovernmentmaysuspendfactoriesthatareemittingtoomuchpollutantintotheairordesignatethatcarswithevenandodd

11、numberedlicensesshouldtakealternativedaystogoonstreet.Whenitcomestorestrainourbehaviorforthesakeofenvironmentalprotection,thegovernment'sroleisindispensible.Basedontheaboveanalysis,wecansafelydrawtheconclusionthatitisnotwisetosolelyrelyontheindividualstotakecareofourenvironment.Thegovernmentshav

12、eabiggerandmoresignificantroletoplay.Education教育类教育类词汇：1. Cultivate/foster/nurture培养2. Well-rounded,versatile全面发展的，多才多艺的3. Impart/inculcateknowledge,instillvirtuesandhighvalues传授知识，灌输美德，价值观念4. Mouldcharacter塑造品格5. Learnsthbyrote,memorizefacts死记硬背6. Followsb/sthblindly/indiscriminately盲从7. Extinguish

13、/stifle/constrainstudentscreativity扼杀学生仓造力8. Thinkindependently/critically独立思考，思辨9. Createunduepressure制造不必要的压力10. Peerpressures伴压力11. Indiscipline/misbehavior/mischief违纪行为12. Disruptive/unrulystudents不服管教的学生13. Curriculum,extra-curricularactivities课程总称，课外活动14. Aptitude/talent/gift,ability/skill天赋，（

14、后天可以培养的）能力，技能15. Schooling,upbringing学校教育,家庭养育16. Aschoolisasocietyinminiature.学校是微观的社会。教育类热点问题：教师问题：教师待遇有待提高；教师职责是教授知识还是帮助学生成长选课问题：通识教育还是专业教育教育类名言：1. Achildmiseducatedisachildlost.JohnF.Kennedy2. Educationisnotthefillingofapail,butthelightingofafire.W.B.Yeat3. Technologyisjustatool.Intermsofgetting

15、thekidsworkingtogetherandmotivatingthem,theteacheristhemostimportant.BillGates4. Educatingthemindwithouteducatingtheheartisnoeducationatall.Aristotle教育类范文：Topic:agreeordisagree:Somepeoplethinkstudentsshouldbeallowedtoevaluatetheirteachersjobperformance.Inthisdayandage,itisstandardpracticeforbusiness

16、executivetofilloutperformance-evaluationformstogivetheirassessmentoftheirsubordinates'work.Butwhenitcomestotheevaluationofschoolteachers'jobperformancebytheirstudents,peopleholddivergentviews.Somearguethatstudentsshouldbeallowedtodoso.Otherscontendthatdisrespectandindisciplinewillensueifstud

17、entsevaluatetheirteacherswork.Personally,Ibelieveboththesetwoviewshavesomemerit.Granted,therecouldbesomepossibledrawbackstostudentsevaluatingtheirteachers'work.First,ifnotwell-managed,evaluationbythestudentsmaybecompletelyworthlessorevenmisleading.Itismanifestthatnotallstudentswouldgivetheireval

18、uationresponsiblyandsomestudentsmaymakemeancomments.Secondly,somestudentscriticizetheirteachernotbecausetheirteachershaveaslackattitudeabouttheirjob.Rathertheydosobecausetheydislikeorevendespiseschooling.However,encouragingstudentstoevaluatetheirteachercanbringaboutmoreboons.Inthefirstplace,itisanef

19、fectivemeansofmotivatingtheteacherstoimprovetheirlectures.Teachershavetokeepadjustingtheirteachingtomeasureuptotheexpectationsofthestudent.Inthesecondplace,regularinputaffordstheteacherobjectiveandbalancedideasabouttheirownperformance.Withoutsuchfeedback,itishardfortheteachertohaveaccurateassessment

20、oftheirownteaching.Inthethirdplace,ameasureofstudents'autonomycanmakethestudentbetterpreparedfortheiradultlife.Thestudentbecomesbetteratdecision-makingandcriticalthinking.Inthefinalanalysis,Iconcedethatenablingthestudenttoevaluatetheirteachers'performancemighthavesomepotentialdrawback.Howeve

21、r,byaveragingoutstudent;sappraisalandencouragethemtoevaluateresponsiblycaneliminatethedownsideofthispractice.Onbalance,Iamconvincedthatallowingstudentstoevaluatetheirteachersisinthebestinterestsofstudents,teachers,schooladministrators,andthesocietyasawhole.Technology&media技术与媒体技术与媒体词汇：1. Cutting

22、edgetechnology尖端技术2. Technologicalinnovations/inventions/advances/progression技术仓新和进步3. Augment/enhance/boostefficiency/productivity提高效率和生产力4. Labor-savingdevices/machinery节省人力的机器5. Theinformationage/era信息时代6. TheproliferationoftheInternet因特网的盛行7. Biotechnology生物技术8. Humangeneticmakeup/DNAprogramming

23、人类基因的组成9. Thepress新闻界10. Paper-basedmedia,Electronicmedia氏媒，电子媒体11. Prevalent,pervasive,ubiquitous无处不在的，广泛的12. Misleading,misrepresented,distortednews虚彳贸错误报道13. Objective,unbiasedandtruthfulreporting公正真实报道14. Expose,reveal,cover揭露15. Celebrities名人16. Paparazzi狗仔队17. Violate/intrudeon/infringeononesp

24、rivacy侵3U隐私18. Tarnishonessreputation破坏名誉19. Informative,newsworthy,entertaining信息量大的，有新闻价值的，有娱乐性的20.技术媒体类热点问题：媒体（以电视为代表）积极和负面影响：提供有教育和娱乐价值的节目；人们满足于精神快餐，放弃了读书和社会交往活动几种媒体的比较，电视，报纸，因特网技术媒体类名言：1 Thegreatestdangerinmoderntechnologyinotthatmachinesbegintothinklikepeople,butthatpeoplewillbegintothinklikem

25、achines.AlbertEinstein2 Hewhocontrolsthemedia,controlsthemindsRupertMurdoc3 AdvancesincomputertechnologyandtheInternethavechangedthewayAmericaworks,learnsandcommunicates.TheInternethasbecomeanintegralpartofAmericaseconomic,politicalandsociallife.BillClinton4 Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomicbuttechn

26、ological-technologiesthatfloweddirectlyfromadvancesinbasicscience.StephenHawkin技术媒体类范文：Topic1:peopletodaycanperformtheeverydaytaskssuchasshopping,bankingorevenbusinesstransactions,withoutmeetingothersface-to-face.Whateffectswillthisphenomenonhaveonindividualsandsocietyasawhole?TheinteractivityoftheI

27、nternetandthemobilephonehasenabledamultitudeofpeopletopurchasetheirdesireditemsorpaytheirphonebillswithoutsteppingoutoftheirofficesorhomes.Andmanyotherscanevenregisterfortestsorsigncontractsonline.Thissweepingtrendofgoingabouteverydaybusinessinthevirtualworldhastriggeredamarkeddeclineinface-to-facec

28、ontactbetweenpeople.Thus,itisessentialthatweidentifytheimplicationofthistrendonbothindividualsandsocietyasawhole.Theimpactofthisphenomenononindividualsisprofound.First,Individualefficiencyinbusinesstransactionandbankingwillbegreatlyenhanced.Andthosewhodreadshoppingaresparedthechoreofbrowsingaroundin

29、shops.Secondly,theincreasinglysedentarylifestylewillengenderahigherincidenceofailment.Moreoverweightpeoplemeansmorepatientssufferingfromcardiovasculardiseasessuchasveinhardening,diabetesandhypertension.Thirdly,theabsenceofface-to-facecontactmayinducedistrustbetweenbusinesspartners.Aninherentsenseofd

30、isbeliefisapttoruinatelecommunicatednegotiationwhennegotiatorscanonlyseevideosofeachothertransmittedviatheInternet.Thistrendalsohaswidespreadrepercussionsonsocietyasawhole.Inthefirstplace,theburgeoninge-commercewill,doubtless,boostcorporateefficiencyimmeasurably.Andhigherefficiencymeansmoreearningsa

31、ndlesscostsforbusinesses.Inthesecondplace,onlinefraud,beitbankingortrading,retailorwholesale,issuretoaboundinthecyberspace.Wemustsearchforpracticableandeffectualmeansofcurbingit.Inthethirdplace,theproliferationofe-commercemayexacerbateman'soverdependenceontechnology.Andthatcanrenderourlivesunspo

32、ntaneousandourtempooflifetoofastandfurious.Insum,thereisnodenyingthatthevirtualworldisexertinginfluenceonourlivesinvariousways.Itisakeythatwetakeadvantageoftheupsideofthistrendandinthemeantimemitigateitsdownsideasmuchaspossible.Topic2:agreeordisagree:advertisingonlyhaspositiveimpactonsociety.Adverti

33、singhasbecomeoneofthemostpervasiveindustriesinpresent-daysociety.Today,vastbillboardshaveturnedintoanindispensablepartofourcityscape.Moreover,theproliferationofTVcommercial,websiteadbannerandflyeralsoexertsprofoundinfluenceonourlives.Somearguethatadvertisinghasonlybeneficialimpactonourlives.Personal

34、ly,Ithinktheirviewhasbothmeritanddemerit.Granted,advertisingmaycarrysomedrawbacks.Firstandforemost,emailspammingcouldfillupyouremailboxinnotime.AndmanyofthejunkemailswouldgetyourPCinfectedwithviruses,wormorTrojanhorses.Furthermore,todayaconsiderableproportionofadvertisementsmaybefabricated.Theyconve

35、ymisleadinginformationthatdefraudspeopleoftheirmoney.However,theboonsadvertisingcanbringabouttoourlivesfaroutweighitsdisadvantages.Inthefirstplace,advertisementsgetuswell-informedaboutthelatestproducts.Theyhelpusnarrowdownthechoiceonourshoppinglistsandmakeshoppingmorecost-effectiveandlesstime-consum

36、ing.Inthesecondplace,elaborateadvertisementscanbeatrueartform.Therecanbenodenyingthatgenuinelycreativeadscanbrighterupourlivesimmensely.Lastbutnotleast,non-profitadvertisingintheprintaswellastheelectronicmediacanmotivatepeopletocontributetooursociety.Withthehelpofsuchads,charitiesandenvironmentalcon

37、servationistscanraiseenoughfundingforthepoorandenvironmentalpreservation.Inthefinalanalysis,Iconcedethatadvertisingdoesnotcomewithoutsomebanes.However,theproofadvertisingfaroutweighitscons.Onbalance,Iamconvincedthatweshoulddoistogetthisindustrybetter-regulatedandensurethatthisindustrycanafforduseven

38、moreblessinginyearstocome.JobandCareer工作就业工作就业类词汇：1. Careerpreparation职业准备2. Internship实习（岗位）3. Potentialemployers预期雇主4. Personalaspirations个人理想5. Startingsalary,salaryraise/bump起薪，力口薪6. Fringebenefits工资之外的福利待遇7. High-payingjobs/well-paidjobs高薪工作8. Promotion提拔，晋升9. Managerialposition管理层职位10. Careerp

39、ath,climbthecorporateladder职业路径，逐步的晋升11. Workaholic工作狂12. Workethics职业道德13. Colleague/coworker,superior,subordinate/inferior同事，上级，下属14. Jobresponsibilities工作职责15. overqualified,unappreciated,underestimated大材小用，不受重用，才能被低估16. jobperformanceevaluation工作业绩评估17. Employeeloyalty,extraordinaryleadershipski

40、lls/stamina忠诚度，杰出的领导才能，精力旺盛18. Stability/security稳定性19. Dresscode着装规定20. Corporatephilosophy企业文化，氛围工作就业类思路：,工作对你来说究竟你选择工作的标准是什么（兴趣，理想，市场需求，经济待遇，其他）意味着什么？（养家糊口，实现个人理想和价值，其他）工作就业类名言：1. Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife.Theonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyouthinkisgreatwork.Ifyouhaven'tf

41、oundityet,keeplooking,don'tsettle.”-SteveJobs2. Chooseajobyoulove,andyouwillneverhavetoworkadayinyourlife.Confucius工作就业类范文Topic:agreeordisagree:childrenshouldchoosethesimilarjobsastheirparents.Threeorfourdecadesago,itwascommonpracticeinChinaforchildrentotakeoverthepositionoftheirretiredparents.I

42、twasconsideredaprivilegeespeciallywhentheparentsworkedinprofitableenterprises.Buttoday,thishaslonggoneobsoleteasthepopulationisexpandingandcompetitioninthejobmarketisunprecedented.Astothequestionwhetherchildrenshouldchoosejobsastheirparentsdo,Ioffermypersonalopinionthattheybetternot.Thefollowingismy

43、reasons.Inthefirstplace,ourcareerchoiceshouldbebasedonpersonalinterestsandqualificationsinsteadoffamilytraditions.Itiswidelybelievedthatanindividualwillperformthebestwhenhisjobhappenstobehisinterest.Whathasprovedtobeacorrectchoiceforyourparentsisnotnecessarilyawiseoptionforyou.Takemyselfforanexample

44、.Myfatherisamechanicengineerandmymotherisaretiredworkerinthesamefactory.Theychosewhattheydopartlybecauseoftheirinterestandpassionandpartlyduetothelimitededucationopportunitieswhichweretypicaloftheirtime.I,ontheotherhand,amluckyenoughtohavecompletedthehighereducationwithoutanyinterruptionandfoundmypa

45、ssionforteachinglanguage.ItisonlynaturalthatIshouldembarkonteachingprofessionfollowingmyheartinsteadofmyparents'.Inthesecondplace,whenwemakecareerdecisions,weshouldalsoconsiderwhatthemarketneeds.Andthismayverywellvaryovertime.Thereistypicallyabigperiodicalgapbetweenthetimestheparentschoosetheirj

46、obsandthetimefortheirchildrentodothesame,twodecadesoreventhreedecades.Whatwerethemostcovetedjobsmighthavebecomeunwantedpositionswithinthisperiod.Forinstance,whenmyparentswereyoung,manufacturingwashighlyregardedprofessionsbutrightnowfinanceandinformationtechnologyseemtobethehottest.Inthiscase,Ican

47、9;tignorethecurrentmarketandblindlyfollowmyparents.Finally,wecannotdenythebenefitsinherentinfollowingourparents'careerpath.Thiswaywecanalwaysgetfirsthandexperienceandvaluableadvicefromourparentsorbenefitdirectlyfromtherelationstheyhaveintheindustry.ButoverallIstillbelievethatthismaynotbethemosta

48、ppropriatechoiceforeveryone.Inlightofalltheevidencelistedabove,Iamconvincedthatweshouldnotunconditionallyfollowourparents'careerchoiceandshouldtakeourowninterestandthemarkettrendintoconsideration.Reflectivetopics:对于成功和幸福等人生命题的思考成功幸福类名言：1. Thosewhohavesucceededatanythinganddon'tmentionluckare

49、kiddingthemselves.LarryKing2. Flamingenthusiasm,backedupbyhorsesenseandpersistence,isthequalitythatmostfrequentlymakesforsuccess.DaleCarnegie3. Successisgettingwhatyouwant;happinessiswantingwhatyouget.AuthorUnknown4. Thebestwaytocheeryourselfupistotrytocheersomebodyelseup.MarkTwain5. It'sprettyh

50、ardtotellwhatdoesbringhappiness.Povertyandwealthhavebothfailed.FrankMcKinney"Kin"Hubbard成功幸福话题范文Topic1:agreeordisagree:Inordertosucceed,itisbettertobemorelikeothersthantobedifferentfromothers.Itiseveryone'swishtoachievegreatsuccessinlife.Butthefactisonlyahandfulofpeoplehavetheirdreamre

51、alized.Thisfactindicatesthatbeingdifferentfromotherscouldbethesecrettosuccess.Itismybeliefthatonlywithextraordinarycourageandwillpowercanweachievesuccessforanygivenchallenge.Inthefirstplace,inordertosucceed,weshouldhaveextraordinarycourage.Differentpeoplehavedifferentthresholdofrisktolerance.Success

52、fulpeoplearetypicallyrisktakers,attemptingtodothingsothersfindimpossibleanddaunting.BarrackObama,PresidentoftheUnitedStates,wouldbeanexcellentcaseinpoint.Inhisattempttorunforpresident,Obamawasfacedwithextremelystrongrivals,atfirstHilaryClintonandlateronJohnMcCain.Asafreshmaninpolitics,Obamadidnotfee

53、lintimidated.Hebelievedinhisownstrengthsandexploitedthemtotheutmost.ItisthedaretodreamthatsenthimallthewayfromthelogcabintotheWhiteHouse.Inthesecondplace,inordertosucceed,weshouldhaveextraordinarywillpower.Ahugedifferencebetweensuccessfulpeopleandmediocreonesisthattheformerworkpersistentlyandarduous

54、lytomaketheirdreamcometrue.Theyarestrongenoughtoovercometheinherentweaknessofhuman,thatis,laziness.Toillustrate,IwillusethestoryofDengYaping,aChinesePingpangplayerasanexample.ShewasthetopwomanPingpangplayerintheworldforatleastadecade.Aftersheretiredasanathlete,sheembracedanotherchallenge,tolearnEngl

55、ish.Startingfromscratch,shestudiedfor14or15hoursaday,andreceivedherBachelor'sdegreewithinfouryears.Suchachievementcouldn'thavebeenpossibleifithadn'tbeenforheriron-likewillpower.Basedontheaboveanalysis,Iamledtobelievethatinordertosucceed,youshouldbedifferentfromothers.Thekeytosuccessliesinextraordinarycourageandwillpower.Topic2;agreeordisagree:ifyoucantsayanythinggoodtosomeone,youshouldsaynothingatall.Sometimeswefindourselvesonthevergeofb