雅思阅读分类词汇(场景)

1、.IELTS 阅读分类词汇= 阅读分类词汇 = 心理theorem原理，定理 v.s. theorymethodology方法论(method)physiology生理学(physiological)psychiatry精神病学 psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysiscorrelation相互关系 correlation coefficientsensation感觉，知觉(另)轰动 sensationalperception感知，认知intuition知觉 (intuitive)ESP第六感(Extrasensory Perception)m

2、otivate激励 àmotivation ( bonus, commission,)incentive激励因素stimulus刺激 àstimulate, stimulationdisorder紊乱，失调dysfunction机能障碍 dys(=dis) + function.dissonance不和谐，不一致 dis + son(sound) +ancetrauma创伤 (traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11anxiety焦虑 (= anxiousness)depression沮丧 (de + press + ion) depr

3、essedv.s. repression ( 压抑 )insomnia失眠phobia恐惧 (症 ) suffix: -phobiaacrophobiaacronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobiaa fear of foreigners or strangersclaustrophobiaa fear of being closed in a confined placeallergy过敏 (症 )，反感( allergic)He is allergic to card pensityMostboyshave a propensityofplayingwi

4、thmachinery.=tendency, inclinationparanoid偏执的paranoia ( 偏执狂 )workaholic工作狂(alcoholic)symptom症状diagnosis诊断 (n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram脑电图 electrocardiogram ( 心电图 )assertive武断的(assert)therapy治疗法 group therapyhypnotism催眠术( hypnotize)prescribe开药方 v.s. subscr

5、ibe, describe, inscribeàprescription: drugsantidepressant抗抑郁药tranquilizer镇静药 (tranquil).side-effect (+s)副作用immune免疫的，免除的 (immunity)rehabilitation复原，康复relapse旧病复发，故态复萌 v.s. elapse子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！chronic慢性的adulthood childhoodpuberty青春发动期adolescence青春期 (the time of life between puberty and adulth

6、ood)emotional rationalaffective情感的 (affection)sane神智健全的insanesuperstition迷信 superstitioustelepathy传心术，通灵术tele(far away) +pathy(heart) numerology,palmistryapathy无感情，无兴趣，冷漠 (= indifference) sympathy: sym(same) +pathypathology病理学，病理，病变delusion迷惑，欺瞒 v.s. illusiondisorientation迷失 (dis + orientation) diso

7、rientedpervert使反常 / 变态 反常 / 变态者 perversionintrospection内省 v.s. retrospection ( 回顾，反省 )sublimation纯化，升华 sublime.personality= personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格 )innate天赋的in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute属性 (àattributable)trait特征，品质 national traits国民性 vs. traitor= 阅读分

8、类词汇 = 科技ubiquitous普遍存在的 = omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)versatile(人)多才多艺的， (物)通用的 àversatilityalchemy炼金术transmute变形，变质 transmute silver into gold (!)arduous艰巨的(=strenuous)an arduous taskpitfall陷阱，未预见之困难metallurgy冶金alloy合金aluminum= aluminium (BE) calcium, uranium, radium,copper,brass,bronz

9、eelectrode电极.distill蒸馏 distilled waterquartz石英phosphorus磷，磷光物质inflammable易燃的(flame)combustion燃烧(combustible)spontaneouscombustion(whitephosphorus)ceramic陶瓷的瓷器 (ceramics)insulate隔离，绝缘 insulator ( conductor fiber纤维 (BE: fibre)fiber optics ( 纤维光学 )optics光学 (àoptical)retina视网膜iris虹膜opaque不透明的 v.s.

10、transparent, translucentmicroprocessor微处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chipbinary二进制的integrateintegration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)buffer缓冲区 buffer storagebrowser浏览器(IE, Netscape)hypertext超文本envisage想象，看作en + vis(see) + agebe envisaged asmomentous(极为 )重要的 v.s. momentaryreti

11、cular网状的Ethernet以太网.domain域 domain namescyberlaw网络法律“cyber- “: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe,patent专利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, pirated software/VCDschronological按时间顺序的“chron ”: time chronic, chronicle, chronographrobot机器人 (“肉包它 ”) roboticsartificial人造的，做作的artificial satellite/smilecone圆锥体，锥

12、形物the nose cone of a missileJupiter木星Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant过度的，过分的，过高的ex(out) + orbit + antcentripetal向心 (力 )的centrifugalhigh-rise高楼 ( skyscraper)cathedral大教堂dome圆顶 (a hemispherical roof)infrastructure基础设施superstructuresewage污水，下水道hydraulic水力的，水压的landfill垃圾掩埋 (地)ventilation通风thermost

13、at温控器 thermo(hot) + stat(steady) thermos, thermometer,thermonuclearprefabricate预先制造prefab ( 预制的 )polytechnic各种工艺的理工学校 Hong Kong Polytechnicgeometric几何 (学 )的geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure).asymmetry不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry( ) symmetryconcave凹的 convexbilateral双边的，两方面的unilateralparadoxical“似

14、非而是 ”的paradox ( 悖论 )empirical经验的 empirical law/formulaclockwise顺时针的 ( anticlockwise= 阅读分类词汇 = 教育accommodation(膳宿 )供应 = room and boardlodging寄宿(处)lease出租 “for lease ”,“to let ”v.s. renttenant房客，佃户landlord房东 àlandlady(f) ? Lord, tenant ,housemate roommate,dormmate, schoolmate, classmatedormitory寝

15、室 (abbrev. dorm)au pairA young foreignerwho lives with a family in return for doinglight housework(另) = reciprocal.reciprocal相互的，互惠的hostelyouth hostel hotelreal estate房地产vicinity= neighborhoodflat平的，瘪的flat tire 公寓 (= apartment) condo, studiobond= depositlinen亚麻的亚麻织品，床单 (= bed linen)utensil器皿statione

16、ry文具 (v.s. stationary)laundry洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria自助餐厅 canteencater满足 (需要 )aerobics有氧健身操“aero ”: airbadminton羽毛球 (运动)baseball棒球 baseball batsquash壁球 (运动 )amateur professionalgathering聚会 v.s. meeting, reunionexcursion远足 (= outing, expedition)commonwealth共和国，联邦 Commonwealth:英联邦tertiary第三的 After purchasing a

17、 house and a car, the next majorlifeexpenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primaryàsecondary àtertiarypost-secondary“post ”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral, post-sale, postwarilliterate文盲 不识字的 il(no) + literate(words) àilliteracy ( literacydiscipline学科，纪律 v.s.

18、 subjectterminology术语facultydepartment and staff of a college/universitydean(大学)教务长curriculum课程 (= course) àextracurricular 课外的syllabus课程提纲calendar日历，日程( schedule, agenda, timetable)compulsory强制的，必修的elective (选修的 )examiner examinee take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resitrecruit招生，招募recru

19、itment= enrollprestige声望，威信 àprestigiousesteem尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/companyaptitude智力 SAT: School Aptitude Testmatriculation录取入学vocation职业 (= calling, occupation, career)àvocationalvocational educationTAFETechnical And Further Education (Australian)abbreviation缩略 (词 ) abridg

20、e ( 缩短，删节 )transferable(学分等 )可转换的scholarship奖学金 = fellowship.tutorial辅导 (课)? tutor (= lecturer, instructor)pedagogue教员，学究 pedagogy ( 教育学，教学法 ) demagogue ( 政治煽动家 )lexicography词典编撰(àlexicographer)assignment任务， (课外 )作业dissertation论文 (= thesis)credential证明，文凭“cred ”: creditlinguistic credentialsalu

21、mni校友 (男 ) alumnaeoverestimate高估 ( underestimate decipher解码，解释(= decode)decipher workplace culturecaliber才干= 阅读分类词汇 = 文化homogeneous同 质 的homo+gene+ous( heterogeneous homosexual, heterosexualmainstream主流 主流的dialect方言 (v.s. accent).discrepancy差异misconception误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbar

22、rier障碍 (物 ) bar, = barricadediscrimination区别，歧视 racial/sexual discrimination ? discriminate (+against)hierarchy等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity岛国性质 (? insular, island).microcosm小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia= homesicknesspatriot爱国者 ( traitor àpatriotic, patriotismcompatriot同胞 同胞的 com + pat

23、riotvernacular本地的，本国的本地话，本国话 the vernacularlanguages ofIndiaHispanicAn American whose first language was Spanishimmigration移 入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration( emigrant,emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically oppositesidesof the Earth “from North America to the Antipodes ”p

24、ermeate渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur企业家 ( enterprise) àentrepreneurshippractitioner开业者，从业者 praction(practice) + ercelebritya famous person= luminary, VIPproxy代理人.anecdote轶事 (àanecdotal)notoriety恶名 (? notorious)counterpart对应人，对等物 Who s George Bushs counterpart in Chinacounter

25、culture, counterbalancepeer同等的人 凝视，窥视 ( peep)subordinate下级 下级的 superiortactics战术，技巧 v.s. strategy (战略，策略 ) marketingstrategy v.s.sellingtacticsnuancea subtle difference in meaningbenchmarking类比分析punctual准时的，守时的 (àpunctuality)absenteeism旷工 absent àabsentee àabsenteeismflextime弹性工作时间 fl

26、ex(flexible) + timeharass骚扰 (àharassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassedher.redundancy冗余，冗员 network redundancydownsize裁员 ( lay off)ballot投票 (= vote)impartial不偏不倚的 ( partial lobby大堂 (n.) 游说 (v.)shortlist(BE) a list of applicants who have been deemedsuitable andfrom.which the successful

27、 person will be chosenà(v.)equilibrium平衡，均衡questionnaire调查表，问卷quantitative定量的( qualitative contingency偶然性，偶然事件incur招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethicaldubious疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation显示，证明(? manifest)sub

28、title字幕，副标题(sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway(BE:underground, tube), suburb( downtown, uptown, outskirts)dubbing配音录制vogue时尚 chicbizarre奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的 )mediocre平庸的dietitian饮食学家( diet)connoisseur行家，鉴赏家 entr ée, a la carte.= 雅思阅读分类词汇 =- 生物 /生理molecule分子 àmolecularcellcellularami

29、noàamino acids ( 氨基酸 )protein蛋白质enzyme酶 (proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts inspecific biochemical reactions)catalyst催化剂chlorophyll叶绿素 “chloro- ”: Clphotosynthesis光合作用 (photo + synthesis) àphotosyntheticbotany植物学( zoology àbotanist, botanicalflora植物群fauna动物群bacte

30、rium bacteria (pl.)细菌fungus fungi (pl.)真菌algae alga (pl.)海藻.herbàherbal: tea àherbicide ( insecticide, pesticide)carnation康乃馨 àreincarnationfade凋谢，褪色organism机体，组织 ? organarthropod节肢动物 v.s. anthropoid ( )reptile爬行动物amphibian两栖动物mammal哺乳动物(? mamma!)primate灵长目动物evolution进化 (? evolve)anth

31、ropoid类人猿(“anthrop ”:humankind)anthropology,philanthropy v.s.ape, gorilla, chimpanzeegene基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (基因组 )genetics遗传学(àgenetical)helix螺旋，螺旋壮物analyze every single gene within the doublehelixof humanity s DNAidentical同一的 identity ( àID card) clonemutation突变 gene mu

32、tation àmutable, immutable, mutantpredator捕食者( preyembryo胚胎 àembryonic ( 萌芽的 )roe鱼子caviar (鱼子酱 ).tadpole蝌蚪frog, toad ( told)caterpillar毛毛虫(cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT)grasshopper蚱蜢，蝗虫(= locust)grass + hopper, bellhopcricket蟋蟀 (另)板球butterflyv.s. moth dragonfly, fir

33、eflypollen花粉 传粉 àpollinate, pollinationhive蜂房honey, concoctionlarva larvae (pl.) 幼虫 v.s. lavapupa蛹 àpupatepenguin企鹅 v.s. dolphin ( 海豚 )raccoon浣熊 v.s. kangaroo ( 袋鼠 )hibernate冬眠 (=hole up)torpid麻木的，蛰伏的v.s. torpedo ( 鱼雷 )cerebral(大)脑的hemisphere半球 (hemi + sphere)cortex脑皮层migraine偏头疼 ? migrant

34、somatic躯体的limb四肢upper/lower limbanatomy解剖，剖析paralyze使瘫痪(=incapacitate, immobilize)artery动脉 ( veingland腺体.pancreas胰hormone荷尔蒙，激素cholesterol胆固醇efficacy功效 v.s. efficiency, effectiveness= 雅思阅读分类词汇 = 环境问题conservation保护，保存(? conserve)v.s. conversationenvironmentalist = conservationistacid酸 酸的 ( alkaliacid

35、 raincarbon碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxidefumeexhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smogpetroleum石油 àpetrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE) àunleaded petrol/gasozone臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layerooze渗出 渗出物radiation辐射 ultraviolet(UV) radiation radioactivegreenhouse温室 greenhouse effect/gas

36、es.solar太阳的 (solar energy) lunar (lunar calendar)phenomenon现象catastrophe= disaster, cataclysmdeterioration恶化 (? deteriorate)extinction灭绝 (? extinct)speciesendangered speciesdrought干旱 ( “找它 ”) famine v.s. floodingrecurrent反复发生的 re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrentinundate淹没 “淹掉它 ”embankment筑堤 (em + ban

37、k + ment)sediment沉积（物） = depositdelta三角洲 the Pearl River Deltaalluvial冲积的desertification(v.s. dessert)dust-storm沙尘暴 thunderstorm, brainstormbarren贫瘠的，不育的，无效的dunesand dune the game “DUNE”!attributable归因于 be attributable todeforestation滥 砍 滥 伐 （ 森 林 ） de + forest +ation afforestation/reforestationlog原

38、木，日志 伐木 v.s. logovegetation植物，植被 v.s. vegetable, vegetarianhabitat栖息地 ? habit (Habit is the second nature.).ecosystem生态系统(eco + system) ecologyviability? viable “vi”: life 养育能力 One tool for assessing the impact offorestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.demographic人口统计的demo(people)

39、 + graph(write) + icinterdependence inter + dependencecounterbalance使平衡，弥补(=offset)counter(against) + balancemechanism机理，机制precipitation陡降，降水(? precipice) evaporationcirculation流通，循环tide àtidal wave ( 海啸 ) ebb earthquaketyphoon tornado, hurricanemeteorology气象 (学)volcano火山eruption喷发 (? erupt)vol

40、canic eruption lavagranite花岗岩imminent= impending v.s. eminentCelsius摄氏的 37OCv.s. centigradeFahrenheit华氏的latitude纬度 (另) longitude, altitudetropical? (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zoneglacier冰川dump倾倒，倾销 àanti-dumpingcontaminate弄脏 (àcontaminant).recycle回收再利用irrever

41、sible不可逆的(= irrevocable)reclaim开垦，改造àreclamationcontentious有争议的(? contend)Many environmental issues today arehighlycontentious.opt选择 (+ for) àoptionprioritize优先考虑(? prior, priority)= 雅思分类词汇 = 医院mental hospital精神病医院clinic 诊所physician/internist内科医生oculist/eye doctor眼科医生surgon外科医生dentist 牙医 v

42、et 兽医 shrink 心理医生symptom症状have/catch a cold感冒have a sore throat嗓子痛have a stomachache 胃痛.have a fever发烧pneumonia肺炎flu流感have a cough咳嗽have a headache 头痛have a toothache 牙痛liver trouble肝炎allergy过敏症twisted/sprained 扭伤的feel dizzy头晕feel chilly觉得发冷asthma哮喘diabetics 糖尿病患者cramps 抽筋vomit/throw up/nauseate呕吐di

43、arrhea 腹泻vomitive/pukey 恶心的luggies/phlegm痰have a stuffed nose 鼻子不通cholera 霍乱stiff neck 脖子发僵abscess 脓肿yellow fever 黄热病.hay fever 枯草热pills 药丸mixture 合剂eyedrops 眼药水syrup 糖浆pad 药棉块vitamin 维他命tablet 药片penicillin 盘尼西林antibiotic抗生素ointment 药膏medication 药物aspirin 阿司匹林bandage 绷带syringe 注射器stethoscope 听诊器inje

44、ction 注射preventive injection预防针gauze 纱布cold cure 感冒药sweating medicine 发汗药febrifuge 退烧药.capsule 胶囊case history 病历extract 拔牙take one's temperature量体温see a doctor 看病send for a doctor 请医生feel one's pulse 量脉搏take one's blood pressure 量血压give a prescription 开药方have an operation动手术make an appoi

45、ntment预约= 雅思分类词汇 = 生活咨询make a reservation 预定 confirm a reservation 确认预定cancel one's reservation 取消预定frist come,frist serve 先到先服务原则layover/stopover 中途停留timetable 时刻表fare 票价 toll 通行费saver ticket 优惠票open ticket 开放机票one-way ticket单程票round-trip ticket往返票.airport tax 机场税duty-free shop免税店excess charge 超重 vacant seat 空座direct/non-stop flight直达航班