2015外研版小学英语语法总复习

1、小学英语语法总复习一、时态1. 一般现在时(1) 表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually通常,often常常,every 每,sometimes 有时，always 总是, 等词。(2)根本结构：/ You / We/ TheyHe / She / It冃疋句动词原形动词第三人称单数形式否认句don' t + 动原does n' t + 动原一般疑问句(Yes/No)Do ? Yes, I do.Does(动 词原形)?No,she does n' t.特殊疑问句What do ？How does she(动词原形)？(3)动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变

2、成复数方法相同)1一般情况+s女口： walk-walks2-辅音字母+y结尾去 y +iesfly-flies3.结尾是s, x , sh, ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does ,have-has, go-goes2.现在进行时(1) 表示正在发生的动作，通常用“ now现在,look看，listen 听(2) 根本形式：be + 动词ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) readi ng.He/She/lt is(not) eating.What are you doing?Is he re

3、ad ing?(3) 动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing )一般情况+ingwalk walk ing结尾是不发音的e-e + ingcome coming重读闭音节双写最后一run-running个字母 +i ng swim-swimmi ng3. 一般过去时(1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用 “last上一个，just now 刚刚,amome nt ago 刚刚，yesterday 昨天 等词。(2) be 动词的过去式：am/is was； arewere(3) 过去式根本结构肯疋句(Positive )动词过去式I went shopp ing last ni ght.否认句(Neg

4、ative)Didn' t +动词原形I didn ' t go shopping last n ight.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did+动词原形？Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-)What did+动词原形？What did you do last night?(4)词过去式的变化:规那么动词的变化：一般动词+edpla nted, watered, climbed以不发音的e结尾+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+ iedstudy studied, cry- cried重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅双写最后一stop -

5、 stopped音字母个字母+edpla n - pla nned不规那么动词的变化:原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthi nkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremea nmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbegi nbega nspeakspokemakemadele

6、tletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunrandrawdrewsitsatlear ned/growgrewlear nlearnt4.般将来时riderodecomecamehearheardtelltoldgetgotknowknewtomorrow, next般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与Sunday等时间状语连用。结构：be going to + 动词原形或will + 动词原形例如：I ' m going to visit my grandpa next week.、人称代词主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格me

7、usyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheirs注：介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。三、可数名词的复数形式1. 一般名词： + s a book - books2. 辅音字母力卩y 结尾：-y+ ies a story stories3. 以 s, x , sh, ch，结尾： + es a glass glasses ； a watch-watches4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾：-f 或 fe 变为 ves a knife - knives ； a

8、shelf-shelves5. 特殊的名词复数man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen.:/ xkbl/mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread, rice, water, juice , milk , tea , coffee五、缩略形式I ' m = I am, you'

9、; re = you are, she' s = she is, he' s = he is /he has(got)it ' s = it is, who s =whois, can' t =can not, isn ' t=is not, didn ' t=didnot, weren' t=were not, wasn ' t=was not, let ' s=let us, I ' 11=1 will六、a. an .the 的用法1. 单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a book, a peach , a “ U

10、'单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg , an hour , an “ F2. the要注意的：球类前面不加the，乐器前面要加the，序数词前面要加the。七、介词1. 表示方位：on, in, in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind, un der2. 表示时间：(1) at:几点前面用at女口： at six o ' clock, 没有day的节日前用at女口 :at Christmas,固定词组 at the weekends, at night(2) on:星期前用 on 女口： on Mo

11、nday，日期前用 on 女口： on the 15th of July 带有Day的节日前用on 如: on National Day(3) in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用 in : in the morning, in the after noon, inthe eve ning, 月份前用 in, 如 in December, 季节前用 in, 如 win ter八、基数词变成序数词的方法1. 直接在基数词词尾加上 th。如：seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第 十三，2.以y结尾的基数词，变y为i，再加上eth。如：twentieth 第二十。3. 不规那么的。

12、如：first 第一，second 第二，third 第三，fifth 第五，eighth第八，ninth 第九，twelfth第十二。4. 有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first第二十。九、some /any 的用法：xkb1/1. 肯定句中用 some I have some toys in my bedroom.2. 问句和否认句中用 any： Do you have any brothers or sisters?He hasn' t got any pencils in his pencil-case.3. 询问想要什么时用 some Woul

13、d you like some juice?Can I have some stamps?十、there be 结构1. 肯定句(有):There is + 单数或不可数名词There are + 复数注：遵循就近原那么，看靠there be最近的2. 一般疑问句有吗？：1s there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isn' t.Are there ? Yes, there are. /No, there aren' t.3. 否认句没有：There isn ' t .There aren ' t .4. there be 句型与ha

14、vehas的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物或人； havehas表示某人拥有某物。十一、祈使句Sit dow n pleaseDon t sit down, please.Let' s go to the park.注：祈使句中动词用原形十二、情态动词can, may, must, should, will后面直接用动词原形。1.1 / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.2. You should be quiet in the library.3. You ' II be good frie

15、nds.十三、形容词和副词的比拟级一、形容词的比拟级1、两个事物或人的比拟用比拟级，比拟级后面一般带有单词than。比拟级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。2 形容词加er的规那么：一般在词尾加er ;以字母e结尾，加r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；以“辅音字母+y结尾，先把y变i，再加er。3 不规那么形容词比拟级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比拟级1 .形容词与副词的区别有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见

16、的是处于实义动词之后2. 副词比拟级的变化规那么根本与形容词比拟级相同不规那么变化：well-better,far-farther十四、特殊疑问句What问什么事，什么物或什么工作What are you doing ？I ' m reading.What is that?It ' s a book.W hat is she?What' s herob?She' s a nu rse.What colour问颜色What colour is your coat?It ' s red.What time 时间What time is it?What'

17、; s the time?It ' s seven.whe n什么时候When do you get up?I get up at six thirty.When is your birthday?It ' s on the 21st ofDecember.Which 哪一个Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?The yellow is mine.Who谁Whois the manwith a big nose?He' s my un cle.Whose 谁的Whose bag is it?Whose is this bag?It ' s his bag.Where 哪里Where is my ball pen?It ' s under the book.Why为什么Why do you like summer?I like summer