施心远主编听力教程_第版Unit_

1、.1.2.3nPart 2 Listening and Note-takingnFocus: ReadingnNotes:.4nExercise A:n1. There is _ and_, for _two are_.n2. The fact that he or she might later be “_ when joining a class of _at _school is the teachers_.n3. If_ done it could _reading for_.n4. But the task should be_.n5. Reading should never be

2、 made to _. no hardalikeaffairborednon-readersinfant badlyput them offlifeundertaken gentlylook like a chorefast ruleno.5Exercise B:It would be wrong to _when a child should start learning to_.Parents should _ youngsters aged _to read if they show _in it, but never _ them to learn to read. He or she

3、 might later be “_ when joining a class of _at_ school. Then it is_ to the teacher to see that such a child is given_. set a timeread and write.encouragetwo to fiveinterestsforceborednon-readers infantmore advanced reading materialup.6Similarly, if a child _read at the age of _teachers and parents s

4、hould make _that he is not_. If he is, specialist_ should immediately be_Parents should not_the young childs _to teach him to read. But the task should be _ gently, with great _and a sense of _ Reading should never be _ to look like a_ and the child should never be forced to_, if his interests start

5、 to_. cannot sevencertaindyslexic helpsought ignore appealundertakenpatiencehumour made chorecontinue flag.7n ReadingnWhen should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be w

6、rong to set a time when all should start being taught the ins and outs of reading letters to form words.n If a three-year-old wants to read (or even a two-year-old for that matter), the child deserves to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be bored when joining a class

7、of non-readers at infant school is the teachers affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material. Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents ali

8、ke. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic*. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought. .8n Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life) there is no harm in preparing them fo

9、r simple recognition of letters by labelling various items in their room. For instance, by a nice piece of cardboard tied to their bed with BED written in neat-big letters.n Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an appeal should

10、 not be ignored. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour. Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, should his interest start to flag*. .9.10Part 1 Sentence Identificationn1. Sn2. C-Cn3. CPn4. Sn5.

11、CPL.11Tapescriptn1. The line down the middle of the road wavered, zigzagged, and then plunged right off the pavement.n2. My sister likes classical music, but I prefer the kind she dismisses as “junk”.n3. Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.n4. Babara and Andrew are sitting under

12、 the tree by the river.n5. She only hoped that the entire incident would be forgotten as soon as possible.12 .13QualityRecording techniqueDigital sound_Digital sound is like _all taken one after another. Its Kind of like pictures of_, Digital is like a series of_. Analogical soundAnalog is more like

13、_. It moves _with _and_. Analog is like_.Much clearerseveral photossoundpiecesone wave of soundup and downvolume pitcha single waveExercise A.14Exercise B:I: The making of CDsnRecordingnFirst they do a _-or_.nThen the videotape is played through a _.nThe computer _those separate “pieces” of sound to

14、 make the _.B. The making of the masternThe master is the _that all the other CDs are _.nIts made of _, covered with a _.digital recordingvideotapefigures outcomputeroriginalmasterglasscopied fromchemical.15c. They use a _ to_ the signal, or the song, into the_. The laser burns through the chemical,

15、 but not through the glass.d. It cuts little _ into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “_”.e. They make copies from it.II. Playing backnYou buy the copy and put it in the CD player.nThe light of the laser _the CD.nThe smooth part of the CD reflects_, like a_.nBut the light that bounces off

16、 the _is_.nThe computer in your CD player _ the light that bounces off the pits.nYou get the music.laser burnglass plateholespitsreflects offstraight backmirror pits scatteredreads.16Dialogue 1 Digital SoundScriptMusicMIKE: Wow! Nice. CDs have such good sound. Do you ever wonder how they make CDs?KA

17、THY: Well, they get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.MIKE: Come on. You know what I mean. Why is the sound quality so good? I mean, why do CDs sound so much clearer than cassette tapes?KATHY: Actually, I do know that.MIKE: Really?KATHY: Its all based on digital sound. CDs are di

18、gital. Digital sound is like several photos, all taken one after another. Its kind of like pictures of sound. The intensity of the sound how strong it is - is measured very quickly. Then its measured again and again. When we hear the sound, it all sounds like one long piece of sound, but its really

19、lots of pieces close together. And each piece is really clear.17M1KE: So digital is like lots of short pieces of sound.KATHY. Exactly. This is different from analog* - thats how they used to record. Analog is more like one wave of sound. It moves up and down with volume and pitch. Anyway, analog is

20、like a single wave. Digital is like a series of pieces.MIKE: OK, I understand that. But how do they make the CDs?KATHY: I told you. They get a hunch of musicians together, and they sing and play. MIKE: OK, I understand that. But how do they make the CDs?KATHY: I told you, Mike. They get a bunch of m

21、usicians together, and they sing and play.MIKE: Kathy !KATHY: No. What really happens is first they do a digital recording - on videotape.MIKE: On videotape.KATHY: Yeah, they use videotape. So then the videotape is played through a computer.MIKE: OK. What does the computer do?KATHY: Well, the comput

22、er is used to figure out the pieces of sound we were talking about; how long everything is, how far apart spaces are.MIKE: OK. So the computer is figuring out those separate pieces of sound.KATHY: Yeah. They need to do that to make the master.18MIKE: The master?KATHY: The master is the original that

23、 all the other CDs are copied from. Its made of glass. Its a glass disk that spins around - just like a regular CD. And the glass disk is covered with a chemical. They use a laser to bum the signal, or the song, into the glass plate. The laser burns through the chemical, but not through the glass.MI

24、KE: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate.KATHY: Right. What its doing is cutting little holes . into the back of the disk. Those holes are called pits. The laser puts in the pits.MIKE: So CDs really have little holes on the back? I didnt know that.KATHY: Yeah. Tiny pits. Theyre too small to se

25、e. Pause. Anyway, then theyve got the master, and they make copies from it. Then you buy your copy and put it in the CD player.MIKE: Put it in the CD player . That part I understand. KATHY: Theres another laser in your CD player. The light of the laser reflects off the CD. The smooth part of the CD

26、reflects straight back, like a mirror. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered. Anyway, the computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits. And you get the music. MIKE: Reflected light, huh? . Uh . you knew what I like? Just relaxing, listening to music, and not re

27、ally worrying about how it gets on the disk. KATHY: You want me to explain it again?Music.19Dialogue 2 Lost in TranslationProductadvertisedDescription of the adMessageMistake madedetergentshirtgasIn the ad there was a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the laundry soap in the middle, and a

28、pile of clean clothes on the right.This detergent would make really dirty clothes clean.In the Middle East, they should have changed the order of the pictures.When I wore this shirt, I felt good.They made a translation mistake, which changed the meaning into “until I wore this shirt, I felt good.”Th

29、ey advertised using their American name. Unfortunately, it is a short way of saying “Engine stop” in Japanese.20Man: Heres one I wouldnt have thought of. You know these “before and after” commercials for laundry soap?Woman: The owns with a pile of dirty clothes on one side and then the same clothes

30、after theyve been washed? Sure.Man: There was an American company that had one of those ads. It was really successful in North America. In the ad there was a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the laundry soap in the middle, and a pile of clean clothes on the right. So, the message was that

31、 a box of this detergent would make really dirty clothes clean.Woman: Yeah?Man: So what do you think happened when they used the ad in the Middle East?Woman: I dont know.Man: Think about it. In the Middle East, languages are written from right to left. People look at things from right to left.Woman:

32、 So it looked like the soap made the clothes dirty?.21Man: “Our soap will make your clothes dirty!” Not a very smart ad campaign.Woman: They should have changed the order of the pictures. They should have put the picture of the clean clothes on the left side and the dirty clothes on the right.Man: R

33、eally, Oh, heres another one. Some shirt maker put an ad in a Mexican magazine.Woman: And?Man: Well, the ad was supposed to say, “When I wore this shirt, I felt good.” But they made a translation mistake.Woman: What did they say?Man: Instead of “When I wore this shirt,” the ad said, “Until I wore th

34、is shirt, I felt good.”Woman: “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good?” Gee, changing one little word gave it the opposite meaning.Man: The article says sometimes its not just the advertising slogan that gets companies into trouble. Sometimes the company name can scare off business.Woman: What do you

35、mean?Man: Well, there was a large oil company in the United States called Enco: E-N-C-O.22Woman: Yeah, I remember them.Man: They opened some gas stations in Japan, and they advertised using their American name. Unfortunately, they didnt know what the word means in Japanese.Woman: What does it mean?M

36、an: “Enco” is a short way of saying “Engine stop” in Japanese.Woman: Great. Would you buy gasoline from a company that said your car engine would stop?Man: No, and neither did the Japanese.23Part 2 PassageToothbrushPre-listening: First, the toothbrush was made of hairs from the neck of a Siberian wi

37、ld boar. Second, the toothbrush was made of horse hairs and other animals hairs. In the 20th century, the toothbrush was made of nylon bristles.24Exercise An1. An2. Bn3. Cn4. Bn5. An6. Dn7. Cn8. D.25n c:n1. In Egypt, tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had b

38、een frayed into soft fibers.n2. In the 15th century, Europeans usually use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper to care for their teeth.n3. People used animals hair for dental care right up until the 20th century when nylon was invented.n4. In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories

39、in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers.n5. Certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth. .26n D:n1. Other animals hair was also used for dental care, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that _.n2. In 19

40、37, nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1983, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity. The wild boars were finally _. took the brunt of itoff the hook.27Script Brushing our teeth - such a commonplace activity today, has been around for a long time. Imagine: the ancie

41、nt Egyptians were already concerned about their dental hygiene! We know this today because they also had the good habit of being entombed* with all their treasures . So we were able to discover that tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had been frayed* into s

42、oft fibers. Its comical to imagine an Egyptian stopping to brush his teeth after a meal, on his break from building a pyramid! The true ancestor of our toothbrush, however, was invented by the Chinese in the 15th century and brought back to Europe by travelers. This toothbrush was made of hairs from

43、 the neck of a Siberian wild boar which were fixed to a bamboo or bone handle. The people of the Occident*, however, found the wild boar hairs too stiff. At the time, very few people in the Western world brushed their teeth, and those who did preferred horse hairs, which were softer than those of th

44、e wild boar! In Europe, it was more customary after meals to use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper. Other animals hair was also used for dental care, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it. The animal was imported for it

45、s neck hairs for a long, long time . in fact, until nylon was invented, in the 20th century!.28Script In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented by Wallace H.Carothers. In 1938, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity through the commercialization

46、 of nylon stockings and of Dr. Wests miracle toothbrush with nylon bristles. The wild boars were finally off the hook! At first, even if there were many advantages to using this new brush instead of the one made with wild boar hairs (which fell out, wouldnt dry very well or became full of bacteria),

47、 the consumers were not entirely satisfied. This is because the nylon bristles were very stiff and hurt the gums. In 1950, Du Pont improved their toothbrush by giving it softer bristles. Today the brands, types, and colours of toothbrushes on the market are almost endless. In spite of this, certain

48、African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth!.29Part 4 News Item 1: Europes Migrant CrisisnT h e E u r o p e a n m i g r a n t c r i s i s , o r the European refugee crisis, is a term given to a period beginning in 2015 when rising numbers of people arrived in the

49、 European Union (EU), travelling across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe. These people included asylum seekers, but also others, such as economic migrants and some hostile agents, including militants disguised as refugees or migrants.3Part 4 News Item 1: Europes M

50、igrant CrisisKey A:Migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe due to war and poverty in Middle East and Africa.EU member states held an emergency summit in Brussels.They pledged to better control European borders from mass migration.They offered new aid to Turkey because it is one of the cou

51、ntries that is hosting a large number of refugees.It is Germany or Australia.The news item is about _.34Key B:summit, critical, end, move, the millions, chaosKey C: hosting, end, discouragement, agree on a plan, in place of .35 As migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe, European Union me

52、mbers held an emergency summit in Brussels. They hope to agree on how to deal with this large movement of refugees and migrants into Europe. The refugees are coming from countries hurt by war and poverty in the Middle East and Africa. News report say the EU members pledged to better control European

53、 borders from mass migration. The number of refugees could grow into the millions, not thousands, warned the European Union president Donald Tusk.36 Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical” that European countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need

54、to agree on a plan, in his words, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.” Also at the meeting, the European interior ministers offered new aid to Turkey and other countries that are hosting refugees. Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries toward a prefer

55、red final destination. For many, that is Germany or Austria.37Section Three Oral Work Part 2 Retelling Scheduled to address the nation one day, Winston Churchill, running unusually late, hailed a cab in Londons West End and ordered him to drive to the BBC as quickly as possible. Sorry, sir, the driv

56、er replied. Youll have to find yourself another cab. And why is that? Churchill asked. Ordinarily it wouldnt be a problem, sir, the driver apologetically explained, but Mr Churchill is broadcasting at six oclock and I want to get home in time to hear him.Churchill, greatly flattered, took a pound no

57、te from his wallet and handed it to the cabbie. The man gladly took the tip: Hop in, sir? he exclaimed. The devil with Mr Churchill!.38Section Four Supplementary ExercisenPart 1 Listening Comprehension.39n Reading recovery is a supplementary education program that aims to offer the lowest achieving

58、first-grade children an effective method of English language reading and writing instruction. Most students need from twelve to sixteen weeks of instruction before they can be successfully discontinued from the program.40Name of the programReading RecoveryTarget groupType of teacher required Length

59、of each lessonLength of the whole lessonsThings learned during the lessonsThe outcome of the programSix-year-old children who are struggling to learn to readSpeciallv trained reading teachersHalf a hour each school dayTwelve to twenty weeksReading. writing and the study of the letters of alphabetEig

60、hty percent of Reading Recovery students can read and write within their class average. (More than 99 percent of the Reading Recovery students in the schools passed the state reading examination.).41Exercise B: Reading Recovery is a program _ by a New Zealand education expert Marie Clay. It aims at