英语时态 (2)

1、 现在进行时现在进行时 用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当 前一段时间正在进行的动作前一段时间正在进行的动作 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ：now,these days 动词构成动词构成 ： am/is/are+现在分词现在分词(-ing) am/is/are working 否定构成否定构成 ： am/is/are+not+现在分词现在分词 一般疑问构成及简答：一般疑问构成及简答：Am/Is/Are+主语主语+现在分词现在分词 + 其它？其它？Yes,I am(he is.) No,they arent 特殊疑问举例：特殊疑问举例：What are you doing

2、 now? Who is flying a kite there? 注意：注意：go,come,leave.arrive,return,die等的进等的进 行时行时 有时表示即将发生的动作。有时表示即将发生的动作。 1.I _(write, am writing, is writing, are writing) a letter now.2.Look, it _(begin, is beginning, am beginning, are beginning) to rain.3.They _(study, is studying, am studying, are studying) me

3、dicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde these days.4.He _(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an English lesson at this time.用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作的动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten oclock yesterday或或when引导的从句引导的从句动词构成：动词构成： was/were+现在分词

4、现在分词(-ing) 以以work为例：为例：was/were working否定构成：否定构成： was/were not+现在分词现在分词一般疑问构成及简答举例一般疑问构成及简答举例: Was/Were+主语主语+现在分词现在分词+其它？其它？ Yes,I was No,I wasnt特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例： What were you dong this time yesterday? Where was he standing when the teacher came in? 用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作的动作常用时

5、间状语：常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten oclock yesterday或或when引导的从句引导的从句动词构成：动词构成： was/were+现在分词现在分词(-ing) 以以work为例：为例：was/were working否定构成：否定构成： was/were not+现在分词现在分词一般疑问构成及简答举例一般疑问构成及简答举例: Was/Were+主语主语+现在分词现在分词+其它？其它？ Yes,I was No,I wasnt特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例： What were you dong this tim

6、e yesterday? Where was he standing when the teacher came in? 1.I _(cook, cooked, was cooking, were cooking) breakfast when you arrived.2.What _you_( do, did, was.doing, weredoing) at this time yesterday evening?3.We_(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the doorbell rang.4.While/ When/ As

7、 we_( have, had, are having, were having) dinner, the doorbell rang.用法：将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语：this evening,tomorrow,next month,in a few minutes,at the end of this term动词构成: 1,will/shall+动原 2,am/is/are going to+动词原型 3,sm/is/are(about)+动词不定式 4,am/is/are+coming等现在分词以work为例:will/shall work am/is/are going to

8、 work am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving否定构成：will/shall not am/is/are not特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow? When are we going to have a class meeting? 备注：在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be

9、2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come3 He will be back _a few minutes. A with B for C on D in4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D are5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _

10、the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish6 There _some showers this afternoon. A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D w

11、ill have; is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态，用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态， 常用于宾从常用于宾从常用时间状语：常用时间状语：the next week等等动词构成：动词构成： 1、would/should+动原动原 2、 was/were going to+动原动原 3、was/were(about) to+动原动原以以work为例：为例：woul

12、d/should work was/were going to work was/were(about) to work否定构成：否定构成：would/should not was/were not一般疑问构成：常用一般疑问构成：常用if或或whether引导宾从引导宾从特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：He asked what they would do the next week. 1.I told my friend that I _ (should/ would arrive, shall/ will arrive) soon.2.They looked at those clouds

13、 over the sky. It_(is going to rain, was going to rain).3.They said that they _(are to meet, were to meet) at the gate the next day.4.We _(are about to go, were about to go) out when it started to rain.一般现在时 用法用法：经常性的和习惯性的动作经常性的和习惯性的动作 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ： usually,sometimes,in spring, every day,in the mor

14、ning 动词构成动词构成 ：动词原型动词原型. work 动词动词+S.（主语是第三人称单数）主语是第三人称单数）works 否定构成否定构成 ： dont+动原动原 doesnt+动原动原 一般疑问构成及简答一般疑问构成及简答：Do+主语主语+动原动原+其它？其它？Yes,I do. Does+主语主语+动原动原+其它其它？No,he doesnt. 特殊疑问举例特殊疑问举例 ：What do you often do on Sundays? Where does he live? 注意注意： start,leave,go,come等的一般现在时可表示按等的一般现在时可表示按 规规定要发生

15、的未来动作，如列车将离开。客观真理在从句定要发生的未来动作，如列车将离开。客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时中也用一般现在时 1. 1. He_(be, am, is, are) a teacher at No. 2 Middle School.2. 2. He_(have, has) classes in the afternoon.3. 3. He_(get, gets) up at half past six every morning.4. 4. He always _(come, comes ) to school on time.5. 5. He _(study, studies) v

16、ery hard at his lesson.6. 6. One and two _(be, is, are) three.7. 7. Blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.8. 8. The earth _(move, moves) around the sun.9. 9. I will go there if I _( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.10. 10. I will go there when I _(have, will have, has) time tomorrow.11. 11. He

17、 wont come to the party unless he _(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.12. 12. Ill wait here until my mother _(come, comes, will come) back.13. 13. Please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it.14. 14. Once you _(see, sees, will see) him, you will ne

18、ver forget him.用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语：yesterday,last night,two days ago, in 2000,at that time,before liberation，when 等引导的含等引导的含 过去时的句子。过去时的句子。动词构成：动词过去时（动词构成：动词过去时（-ed） worked/used to work否定构成：否定构成：didnt+动原动原 didnt work used not(didnt use) to work一般疑问构成及简答举例：一般疑问构成及简答举例：

19、Did+主语主语+动原动原+其它？其它？ 特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning? 备注：备注：He has opened the door.（表示过去表示过去“开门开门”的动作对现在的的动作对现在的影响是门还开着）影响是门还开着）He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着不能确定门现在是否开着) He_(be, was, were, been) here a moment ago.They _(be, was, were, been) here just now.T

20、he scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for America yesterday.Last week we _(visit, visited ) the Science Museum.When I was a child, I often _(play, played) football.The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).用法用法: 1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作， 强

21、调对现在的影响强调对现在的影响.2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作、从过去一直延续到现在的动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+过去的点时过去的点时 间间,for+段时间段时间动词构成：动词构成：have/has+过去分词过去分词(-ed) have/has worked否定构成：否定构成：have/has not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问构成：一般疑问构成： Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词?特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：What have

22、 you done recently? How long has he lived in Beijing?备注：暂时性动词不能与备注：暂时性动词不能与for, since,How long等等 表示段时间表示段时间 的短语同时使用。的短语同时使用。 1.You have _ a tall young man. A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up2. He has _ the watch for a year. A buy B bought C have D had3. Has your brother _ the dog? A kept in

23、B fed C fed on D kept on4. I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D have kept5. Have you ever _to the Great Wall? Its very beautiful. A gone B been C went D go 6. Her brother _the Party since 1978. A joined B has joined C has been in D was in 7. The Gre

24、ens _many places of interest since they came to China. A will visit B visited C have visited D visit8 Im sorry, I _ your name. A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten9 The bookshop _ for eight years. A has been open B has been opened C has opened D has open10 We have all the paper so w

25、e need to buy some.A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for11 The flower I _grown up. A planted has B planted have C has planted D have planted1. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ thousands of visitors since 1995. A.attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract 2. How long _ you _ here? F

26、or about two years so far.A.have, studied B. did, live C. do, stay D. were, swimming 3. How is your father? I _him for a long time.He is fine, but busy.A.dont see B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. havent seen 4. Meimei has received several letters from her hometown since she _ to the city. A. cameB. com

27、es C. has comeD. will come 1.What are you going to do this weekend? I _ yet.A.havent decided B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide 2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. A.has cleaned B. had cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 3. It _ ten years since we last _

28、 in Beijing. A.was, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet 4. How long has the weather been like this? _.A.Until last night B. Ever since last night C. Two days ago D. Two days later 用法：用法：1、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态(过去过去的过去的过去)。2、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间常用时间状语：常用时间状语

29、： by that time,by the end of , when/before+ 从句，从句，said/knew/asked的宾从中的宾从中动词构成动词构成:had+过去分词过去分词(-ed)以以work为例：为例： had worked否定构成否定构成:had not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问构成：一般疑问构成：Had+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+其它？其它？ Yes,I had. No,I hadnt.特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例： How many English words had you learned by the end of last term? 1. We _(hav

30、e read, had read) 500 stories by the end of last term.2. He said that they _(have arrived, had arrived) an hour before.3. After /When he _(has done, had done) his job, he went to bed.4. I waited till he _(has finished, had finished) his work.5. When I got there, he _(has been, had been) away for hal

31、f an hour.6. I went back to the classroom because I _(have left, had left) my dictionary there.助动词助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词注：注：has 用于第三人称单数，用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。用于其他所有人称。 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before

32、, yet, never, ever等状语连用。例如：等状语连用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. （2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过

33、去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：如：for和和since，以及以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。等。 I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暂时

34、间动作的词，如注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完等的完成时不能与成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。等表示一段时间的短语连用。 Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park. have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾经去过曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。不在那里，已经回来。

35、侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已经去了已经去了”某地，说话时此人在某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。 He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在这儿）（人已回来，可能在这儿） He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。他已经去了北京。 （人已走，不在这儿）。（人已走，不在这儿）。 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过

36、去的事情对现在的影响，调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。具体的时间状语。 共同的时间状语有：共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, onc

37、e，before, already, recently，lately等。等。 现在完成时的时间状语有：现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不确定的时间状语。等不确定的时间状语。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。）强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） She

38、has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。）她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来了。）她是昨天回来了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。为短暂行为。)注意：注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在

39、完成时，要用过去时。例如：时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：（错）（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 延续动词表示经验、经历；延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果表结果) Ive known him since the

40、n. 我从那时起就认识他了。我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历表经历) 延续动词用于肯定句，表示延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做做直到直到” ；瞬间动词；瞬间动词用于否定句，表示用于否定句，表示“到到，才，才”。 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到他到10 点才回来。点才回来。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到他一直睡到10点。点。1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet ；首先本

41、题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。完成时。2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be ； 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 1、概念：表示过去的过去。、概念：表示过去的过去。 -|-|-|- 那时以前那时以前 那时那时 现在现在 2、过去完成时的用法：、过去完成时的用法： （1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前