英语：高考名词性从句课件

1、 在一个句子中，名词能作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。当在一个句子中，名词能作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。当我们在一个句子中用一个句子来担当主语、宾语、表语和同位我们在一个句子中用一个句子来担当主语、宾语、表语和同位语时，这个句子就叫做主语从句、或宾语从句、或表语从句、语时，这个句子就叫做主语从句、或宾语从句、或表语从句、或同位语从句。这些从句的统称为名词性从句。或同位语从句。这些从句的统称为名词性从句。一、名词性从句的引导词有：一、名词性从句的引导词有： 任何一种从句都必须由一个引导词来引导。引导名词性从任何一种从句都必须由一个引导词来引导。引导名词性从句的引导词在语法上称为连接词。而连接词又根据

2、它们在句子句的引导词在语法上称为连接词。而连接词又根据它们在句子中的不同作用又被划分为：中的不同作用又被划分为：连接词连接词 连接代词连接代词 连接副词连接副词. .连接词连接词 ： that、 if、 whether连接代词连接代词 ：who、 whose、 what、which 连接副词：连接副词： when、 where、why、how、 how long二、各种连接词的用法：二、各种连接词的用法：1.连接词连接词 that、whether、if 不在它们引导的主语从句不在它们引导的主语从句 中充中充当句子成分。当句子成分。 注：注：whether引导主语从句时，既可以直接位于句首，也引

3、导主语从句时，既可以直接位于句首，也可以位于句末；可以位于句末；if 引导主语从句时只能用于引导主语从句时只能用于it作形式主语作形式主语的从句中。的从句中。whether可以与可以与or not连用，连用，if则不行则不行. 2. 连接代词连接代词who、whose、what、 which等都在句子中等都在句子中 担当一个句子成担当一个句子成 分。比如：主语、宾语、定语等等。分。比如：主语、宾语、定语等等。3. 连接副词连接副词when、where、how、how long等分别在句子等分别在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语等等。中作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语等等。1. _ he wi

4、ll come to the discussion is certain. 2. _ I like best is a book. 3. _ I like the book best is known to everyone. 4. _ she looked after the old patient a whole year moves us all. 5. _ puzzled the police specially was how the murder died.6. _ surprised me most was _ she looked after the old patient a

5、 whole year . 1/. 区别区别what与与that the bookThat What That That What What that the old patient2/. 区别区别whether与与if1. _ we need it is a different matter. A . Whether B. What C. That D. If 2. It is a different matter _ we need it. A. that B. whether C. if D. what3. It doesnt matter _ we need it or not. A.

6、 whether B. if C. that D./4. I shall tell him the truth, _.A. whether he likes it or not B. no matter he likes it or notC. whether or not he likes D. no matter how likes it 1/.whether引导主语从句时，既可以直接位于句首，也可以引导主语从句时，既可以直接位于句首，也可以 位于句末；位于句末；if引导主语从句时只能用于引导主语从句时只能用于it作形式主语的从作形式主语的从 句中。一般说来句中。一般说来whether可以

7、与可以与or not 连用，连用，if则不行。则不行。 AB CAA1. The question _ we need it has not been decided. A. that B. what C. if D. whether2. Father made a promise _ I passed the exam he would buy me a bicycle. A. that B. if C. whether D. that if3. They are investigating the question _ the man is trustworthy. A. that B.

8、if C. whether D. that if2/. whether引导的从句可以作名词的同位语，引导的从句可以作名词的同位语，if则不行。则不行。DDC1. I worry about _ I hurt her feelings. A. that B. what C. if D. whether2. It all depends on _ they will support us. A. that B. what C. if D. whetherD3/. whether引导的从句可以充当介词宾语，引导的从句可以充当介词宾语，if则不行。则不行。 D1. _ he comes or not,

9、 we will begin our party on time A. that B. what C. if D. whether4/. whether引导让步状语从句，表示引导让步状语从句，表示“ 不管不管 ”； “ 不论不论 ”， 不能由不能由if 取代。取代。Dwho: 谁谁 whoever： 无论是谁无论是谁what : “的东西（事情）的东西（事情）”或或“什么什么”，相当于，相当于all that 。whatever：无论：无论的东西（事情）等。的东西（事情）等。Which：哪一个：哪一个 whichever： 无论哪一个无论哪一个When: 什么时候什么时候 whenever：

10、无论什么时候无论什么时候Where：哪里；：哪里； 什么地方什么地方 wherever： 无论什么地方无论什么地方同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句跟在某些名词，同位语从句跟在某些名词， 如：如：idea, news, promise, fact、thought、reply、report、question、hope、word、suggestion、doubt 等，的后面等，的后面, 用来表示它们的具体内容用来表示它们的具体内容, 引导词有连词引导词有连词that, 副词副词how, when, where等。等。1. I have no idea that he has already gone

11、 abroad. 2. The news that she had passed the entrance examination made her parents very happy. 3. The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to peoples health. 4. I have no idea when Jack will be back. 5. He cant answer the question how he got the money. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 1. 同位语

12、从句中，同位语从句中，that 是连词，不充当成分。是连词，不充当成分。2. 定语从句中，定语从句中，that 起连接作用外，还充当成分。起连接作用外，还充当成分。3. 同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，定语从句与前面的同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，定语从句与前面的名词是所属关系，起修饰作用。名词是所属关系，起修饰作用。4. 同位语从句的连词同位语从句的连词that 一般不能省略，定语从句中，作宾一般不能省略，定语从句中，作宾语时，常可省略。语时，常可省略。1. We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed. 我们表达了他们曾经表示的那种希

13、望。（定语从句）我们表达了他们曾经表示的那种希望。（定语从句）2. We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）1. There is a popular belief among parents that schools dont pay any attention to handwriting. 2. The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprise

14、s many people. 3. The news that he told me just now is true.4. The idea that he gave surprises many people5. The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 6. The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 7. The question that he raised p

15、uzzled all of us. 8. This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. ( 同同 )( 同同 )( 同同 )( 同同 )( 定定 )( 同同 )( 定定 )( 定定 )三、三、that-从句作主语通常用从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词，而将作先行词，而将that-从句置从句置 于句末。于句末。 1. It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. （ That the whole project

16、is doomed to failure is quite clear. ） 2. Its a pity that you should have to leave. （ That you should have to leave is a pity. ）用用 it 作形式主语的作形式主语的 that- 从句有以下几种不同的搭配关系：从句有以下几种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be +形容词形容词+ that-从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is

17、strange that 奇怪奇怪 It is natural that 是很自然的。是很自然的。1. It is important that we (should) unite with all that can be united.2. It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.3. It is important that the students (should) pronounce every word correctly.4. It is natural that he (should) change his m

18、ind.b. 1/. It + be + -ed 分词分词+ that-从句从句 It is believed that人们相信人们相信 It is known to all that 从所周知从所周知 It has been decided that 已决定已决定1. It is thought that Joe drives badly.2. It was well known that Napoleon always asked the same three questions, and usually in the same order. 3. It is widely believe

19、d that the more you learn, the more likely you will win.4. It is known to all that he has got many stamps of a particular kind. 2/. It is suggested that It is ordered that It is requested that It is proposed that 1. It is requested that they should performance at the party.2. It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight.c. It + be +名词名词+ that-从句从句It is a pity that 令人遗憾的是令人遗憾的是 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is