任务型阅读(七选五)-讲义

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专题二任务型阅读（七选五） 考纲导续 主要考查考生对文章结构、内容以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握，其考点设置主要包括：1.主题句；2.过渡句；3.推断句。七选五的题型以说明文和议论文居多，这两种文体的结构都比较清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。其特点如下：1选择基本为300词左右的说明文或议论文。2短文篇章结构常为：提出问题解决问题。3七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题类、过渡句类、细节类。4选项均为完整句子，句型不一。 分类例析1主题句(2016全国)_37_Some people may

2、think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)_38_.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from

3、our earliest years.Recall (回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden.AKnow why you gardenBFind a good place for your own gardenCIts our experience of the garden that mattersDIts delightful to see so man

4、y beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooGFor each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have解题思路本题考查主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题“Recall(回忆) your childhood memories”一致，故在A项和B项之间选择。再根据本

5、段倒数第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，本段主要讲要弄清自己为什么要种植花木。尝试解答：_A_(2017全国)_37_In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be

6、 better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to.AGet a sleep specialist.BFind the right motivation.CA better plan for sleep can help.DAnd consider setting a secon

7、d alarm.EIf the steps you take are working, keep it up.FStick to your set bedtime and wakeup time, no matter the day.GReconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.解题思路本题考查段落主题句。形式上应与下一个标题Reconsider morning一致，故在A、B、F和G之间选择。再根据空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室

8、友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的说找到正确的动机，因此本空选B。尝试解答：_B_2过渡句(2013全国片段)One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting._74_ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.EThe

9、second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.FIn the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.解题思路根据上下文所提到的one和下文所得到的the third可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与E项The second aspect.吻合。尝试解答：此题属并列关系，故选_E_表示并列关系的词有：first(ly), second(ly)，.；first, then/next，.; in

10、the first place, in the second place.; for one thing, for another(thing)，.; to begin with, to conclude等词，表明前后句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。(2015北京片段)First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams._73_ And

11、 if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.AHaving interesting things to think about also helps.DAt one ti

12、me, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.解题思路选项A中的also helps与空格前面句子中的help相对应，且两句话的主语形式统一，都说的是“做白日梦”的条件。尝试解答：此题属递进关系，故选_A_递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not.but

13、., not only. but also等。(2014辽宁片段)Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses._37_CThey can properly protect your eyes.DStay in good shape by taking more vitamins.解题思路空白处前面的句子“No matter wha

14、t the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses.”意为“无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是极其重要的”，属于总结概括句。选项C意为“它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛”，本句是对上句观点的举例说明，能很好地顺接语境。尝试解答：此题属例证关系，故选_C_前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和演练(从观点到例子)。(全国片段)Get a coach_51_，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there

15、 all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you.AYou arent like anybody elseDCheck the rules about dos and dontsEWhatever the presentation, public speaking is tough解题思路根据“so get help”可知应填一个表示原因的句子。根据下句中的“.r

16、eady to offer you public speaking training and courses.”也可知开头说的与public speaking有关。尝试解答：故选_E_表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result(of), so/such.that.，so that.等。(2016全国片段)There are three main types of cryptography._37_For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many e

17、els” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language, some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.EYou can hide a messag

18、e by having the first letters of each word spell it out.FWith a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.解题思路根据for example可知，接下来的举例讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。尝试解答：_E_(2015全国片段)You

19、 didnt lose “everything”Once trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._40_ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and

20、 forgiveness.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.解题思路根据下一句中的Instead(反而)可知此空和下一句形成转折关系，G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的

21、事情视而不见)与之呼应，并且选项中的positive和下一句中的positive形成原词复现。尝试解答：此题属转折关系，故选_G_(2016全国片段)A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book._39_For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge ou

22、t” would actually mean “Meet me.”_40_However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language, some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message

23、.DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.FWith a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific lett

24、ers of the alphabet.解题思路本题考查的是关键词以及转折关系。下一句“it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long”中出现了also hard，所以上一句关键词为hard；另外however表示转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反，即上一句应该是：没有解密书，是很难去完成解密工作的。尝试解答：此题属于转折关系，故选_A_表示转折或对比关系的词有：but，however, yet, while/though, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(

25、然而)，still, yet, in contrast/ comparison等。3段尾句(2015北京片段)Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep._74_EIt involves slow, steady breathing for selfcontrol th

26、at helps people stay calm and attentive.FDaydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.解题思路(1)本题为段尾空，属段落总结概括句，需要关注本段前面的内容。(2)本段主要说明在需要集中精力的时候避免做白日梦也很重要，前一句提出mindfulness这一概念，并用同位语being focused做出解释。第三步对比信息句和选项，得出答案尝试解答：_E_项中的it指代前一句的mindfulness，

27、且attentive与前文的concentrate，being focused，avoid falling asleep语义一致。(2017洛阳高三二模)There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event.But data should be dealt with wisely.We often get wrong data which mislead us.Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have.D

28、ata dont mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false._AThus we should try our best to be wise thinkers.BData can make our life easier and more comfortable. CBut sometimes we may find that data arent

29、 everything. DSometimes our hearts and mind are more sensitive than data.ENow and then the socalled specific data puzzle us very much.FThe exact data should come from assessment of an actual event.GThere are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data.解题思路本题设空在段尾，空格前的一句论述内容是“如果我们没有能力运用所

30、学知识和自信去分析数据正确与否，那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。所得出的结论就是“因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者”，结合线索词Thus可知正确答案。尝试解答：_A_(2014北京片段)Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable eval

31、uation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. _71_Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out

32、 for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.AMake choice that are right for you. GThe following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.解题思路本题挖空处为第一段段尾。第一段简要提出我们要学会分

33、析来自各种渠道的健康信息，第二段就如何对这些信处进行分类整理给予一些建议。从文章篇章结构分析，空格起承上启下的作用。尝试解答：此题属承上启下类，故选_G_4通用技能除每个题型有自身特殊的解题技巧外，在阅读七选五中还有两种通法，根据考题活用这两种方法能够准确判定答案。词汇复现法复现，是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同源词复现、同义词/近义词、反义词复现等。(2015全国片段)_39_If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstan

34、ce.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.解题思路由空格后面的内容可以看出，本段主要讲的是被背叛了后该怎么办。选项C中的关键词语“victim”与本段主旨相吻合，“victim”一词在本段中反复出现，属于原词复现，且选项C是对本段的概括总结。尝试解答：_C_代词线索法英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词，名词短语或句子概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；thes