名词单复数变化及习题

1、名词的单复数名词(Nouns是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。专有名词和普通名词1.专有名词:表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写China中国Asia亚洲Beijing北京the Peoples Republic of Chin a中华人民共和国专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall (长城姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义,如:the Greens ( 格林一家人。2.普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。(例如:te

2、acher老师tea茶1. 个体名词(Individual Nouns:表示单个的人和事物。(car汽车room房间fan风扇picture照片2. 集体名词(Collective Nouns: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。( people人们police警察family家庭army军队government政府group集团3. 物质名词(Material Nouns:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。( fire火steel钢air空气water水milk牛奶4. 抽象名词(Abstract Nouns:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。( labor劳动health健康life

3、生活friendship友情patienc e耐力可数名词(Countable Nouns和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns 1.可数名词:可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式名词的功能:名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。1.主语:The bag is in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2.宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday. 1昨天我洗了我的衣服。3.表语:This is a good book.这是一本好书。4.宾语补助语We selected him our monit

4、or.我们选他为我们的班长。5.介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。6.定语:He is a Party member.他是一位党员。名词的复数可数名词的复数(可数名词有单数和复数两种形式:1. 基本变化规则一般在名词后加s,变成复数。如boyboys, penpens等。以s, x, sh, ch结尾的,在后面加es。如classclasses, foxfoxes, brushbrushes, watchwatches。但stomach的复数为stomachs。“以辅音字母+y”结尾的,y变为i,然后再加es。如babyba bies,f

5、amilyfamilies。以f或fe结尾的名词英语中共有100多个,其中直接加s的有92个,但这些绝大多数不常用,如safe, roof, belief等;把f或fe改为v, 再加es的只有13个,但13个都是常用的名词,如thief, life, wife, shelf, self, knife, half, leaf, wolf等。thiefthieves,lifelives以o结尾的名词,除有生命的“两人两物”Negro, hero, tomato, potato等少数在后面加es外,一般是在后面直接加s。如kilokilos, photophotos, zoozoos, radior

6、adios, pianopianos, videovideos。.以ce,se,ze,(dge等结尾的词加s,读|z|2. 不规则变化名词单数变复数的不规则变化要注意以下几点:含man的名词,一般变man为men。如womanwomen, policemanpolicemen, EnglishmanEnglishmen。但GermanGermans。将oo改为ee的有footfeet, toothteeth, goosegeese等。复数以en结尾的有childchildren, oxoxen等。将ouse改为ice的有mousemice, louselice(虱子等。单复数同形的有sheep

7、, deer, fish, means, works(工厂, Swiss, Japanese,Chinese等。复合名词变复数一般的复合名词,只把中心词变为复数(中心词一般是第二个名词apple treeapple trees pencil-boxpencil-boxes由man和woman 构成的复合名词,二者均变为复数man doctormen doctors woman teacherwomen teachers除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, twometers; franc, francs3.集体名词,以单

8、数形式出现,但实为复数。people(人们police(警察cattle(牲畜是复数(OK :a person,a policeman,ahead of cattle , the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese (Error:a people,a police,a cattle 4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词1.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。2.news是不可数名词。3.the United States,the United Nations (应视为单数(The Un

9、ited Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。4.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。("The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 5.表示由两部分构成的东西,glasses(眼镜trousers (长裤clothes (衣服若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双 a pair of glasses ,two pairs of trousers suit(套6. 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods (货物w

10、aters (水域fishes (各种鱼2.不可数名词:不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式。抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。1不可数名词没有词形变化,前面不可以加冠词a,an修饰。2后面不能加s构成复数形式。3需要计量时,要用量词,变复数时,通常把量词变为复数,后面的不可数名词用原形。结构:数词或冠词+量词(s+of+不可数名词。例如:a bottle of milk two bottles of milka piece of bread three pieces of breada pi

11、ece of news four pieces of news4. 不可数名词还可以与some, much, little, any, a lot of,连用。例如:a lot of water, some rice不可数名词:bread, cash, grass, ink, knowledge, luck, living, meat, money, news, paper, rice, soap, sugar, tea, travel, weather, work.名词复数练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、text4、monkey5、piano6、child7

12、、shelf 8、bed 9、country10、family 11、toy 12、foot13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo16、army 17、tomato 18、fox19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep二、选择填空1. There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoesB. are photosC. is a photoD. is photos2. This car made in Shanghai.A. is B .are C .were D .has3. There are fo

13、ur and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese, GermanD.Japanese, Germans4. Thats art book.A. anB. aC. theD. are5. The boys have got already.A. two breadB. two breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread6. The old man wants .A. six boxes of applesB. six boxes of app

14、leC. six box of applesD. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river.A. is, fishB. are, fishsC. is, fishsD. are, fish8. There two in the box.A. is ,watchB. are ,watchesC. are ,watchD. is ,watches9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room.A. teacherB.tea chersC.teachersD.teachers11. In Britain _ are all painted red.A. letter boxesB.letters boxesC. letter boxD.letters box12. All the _ teachers are ve