高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习

1、高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习同位语从句讲义及练习一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的

2、名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们竞赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，精确把握同位语从句1.犹如位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不行省略）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cro

3、ss the river at once.将军下达了战士们马上过河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.犹如位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whe】ther引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将争辩运动会是否会如期进行的问题。析：the sports me

4、eting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。3.犹如位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语

5、从句。例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.    三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区分，明确同位语从句和相像从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相像，

6、都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，假如句子通顺且符合规律，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false.由于the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that

7、 he was going to resign 是同位语从句。例1：1）Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while    B. that    C. when    D. as析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Informati

8、on不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区分于：2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward.A. what    B. that    C. when    D. as析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以

9、该句为定语从句。例2：She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A. it B. which    C. this    D. that析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区分于：I can't stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly.A. it B. which   

10、 C. this    D. that析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。巩固性练习：1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A. that    B. what    C. why    D. which2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A.

11、 hat    B. what    C. which    D. why3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. what    B. that    C. why     D. when4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. which    B. that    C./&

12、#160;      D. it5. I have no idea _ he will start.A. when    B. that    C. what D./6. I've come from the government with a message _ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A. if    B. that   C. whether D. which7. The thought _ he m

13、ight fail in the exam worried him.A. when    B. which C. what    D. that8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. which    B. whether    C. that    D. what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear _ he wou

14、ld die of the disease.A. that        B. as       C. of which    D. which10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where    C. that        D. when同位语从句和定语从句的三点区分同

15、位语从句和定语从句很相像,但还是有区分的,区分主要在以下三方面:1. 从词类上区分同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有肯定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位语从句)We are

16、not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位语从句)Word came that he had been abroad. (同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很兴奋?(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)His mother did all she could to help him with his

17、 study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力挂念他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)2. 从性质上区分定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如:The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场竞赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告知我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)I m

18、ade a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺假如谁让我自由,我就让他格外富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们兴奋的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区分有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:That questi

19、on whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时经常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other group

20、s was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应当派几个人去挂念别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略?)高二英语短文改错专题复习学问总结归纳：短文改错的题是一篇意思连贯，但有九行文字

21、中各有一个语法或用词错误的英语短文。它所涉及的学问面很广，力量要求较高。而且题中所设的错误经常是考生自己在写作中经常出的语法错误，是特地针对考生的弱点而设的。但它又从另一个角度考查了语法学问的运用。因此，做题时，应从以下几个方面着手解题：动词使用错误；名词使用错误；形容词，副词使用错误；连词使用错误；代词使用错误；冠词使用错误；介词使用错误，上下文规律错误等。在争辩每一行的句子时，首先把握句子的意思，然后划分句子的成分：主语；谓语部分；宾语；状语：地点，时间，方式等。假如句子是并列句或复合句，先分开各部分小的分句，依据各个分句之间的关系推断使用的连词是否正确。然后再争辩各个分句的成分。（一）名

22、词使用错误：名词一般在句中做主语或宾语，名词的错误主要在于名词单，复数的错误使用。1. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.： 2. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.： 3. We practise three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.：4. Happy birt

23、hday, Peter, and many return of the day. ：。5. He said that she and my schoolmate all wishes me success.：6. On the way up I was taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.：That kind of lie, a little, does two things: it keeps your friend feeling from being hurt.：（二）动词使用的错误：<一> 作为谓语动词，留意谓

24、语动词在时态，语态，与主语是否全都以及用词方面的问题。1. My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school team. ：2. . Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.：I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football

25、.：4. the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down.：5. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.：6. The Internet is a computer network that use the telephone system to link millions of computers around the world.<二> 作为非谓语动词，现在分词，过

26、去分词，动名词，不定式形式的使用错误，同时留意非谓语动词在平行结构中消灭的错误。1. Not far from the hotel, there was a shop with all kinds of clothes hang up.：2. He had worked on farms and in shops where he spent his spare time studied by himself.：<三> 形容词，副词使用错误：留意： 形容词和副词的比较级，原级，最高级使用方面的问题。 修饰比较级的副词的错误使用。 以ing和以ed结尾的形容词的混用。 形容词和副词的

27、混用。1. I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting：2. Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.：3. his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family who had no child.：4. 4. People will work few hours than they do now. ：5. Computers will be more smaller and useful.

28、：6. Last week, I went to a movie, which was very moved. <四> 连词使用错误：并列句连词and与but的误用是历年高考题中常考的内容。复合句如宾语从句，状语从句，定语从句中主，从句的连接词的误用依据主从句的关系可以发觉。1. My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.：2. My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 3. It d

29、eosnt matter that I would win or not. 4. An Eskimo boy becomes a man since he kills his first polar bear.：5. The fine-furniture store I work has been in business since the 1920s.：解题思路：首先要理解整个短文的含义，规律关系，篇章结构。再认真争辩每一句的意义。借助划分句子成分的方法推断每一部分是否有错误。读句子时肯定以整句为单位。【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）AYou can find all kinds information in just 1._a few minute on the Internet. Its like going to a2._huge library without have to walk around to find3._your books. Recently even