2015年电大土木工程力学(本)历年试题及参资料小抄汇总

1、试卷代号：1129中央广播电视大学第二学期“开放本科”期末考试(半开卷)土木工程力学(本) 试题 一、判断题(将判断结果填入括弧，以表示正确，以X表示错误。每小题3分，共30分)1图示为刚架的虚设力系，按此力系及位移计算公式可求出杆AC的转角。( )2图示结构的超静定次数是n3。 5用力矩分配法计算结构时，汇交于每一结点各杆端力矩分配系数总和为1，则表明力矩分配系数的计算绝对无错误。 ( )6支座移动对超静定结构的极限荷载没有影响。 ( )7在动力计算中，以下两图所示结构的动力自由度相同(各杆均为无重弹性杆)。 ( )8图示结构C截面弯矩影响线在C处的竖标为ab/l。 ( )9两刚片用三链杆相

2、联，且三链杆平行不等长，则构成瞬变体系。 ( )lo在多结点结构的力矩分配法计算中，可以同时放松所有不相邻的结点以加速收敛速度。 ( )二、选择题(每小题3分，共30分)11据影响线的定义，图示悬臂梁C截面的弯矩影响线在C点的纵坐标为( ) A0 B-3m C-2m D-lm12图示超静定结构结点角位移的个数是( )A2 B3 C4 D513用力法计算超静定结构时，其基本未知量为( ) A. 杆端弯矩 B结点角位移 C. 结点线位移 D多余未知力14超静定结构在荷载作用下产生的内力与刚度( ) A无关 B相对值有关 C. 绝对值有关 D相对值绝对值都有关 15图示简支梁在移动荷载作用下，使截面

3、C产生最大弯矩时的临界荷载是( )A7kN B3kN C10kN D 5kN16机动法作静定梁影响线应用的原理为( ) A. 变形条件 B. 平衡条件 C. 虚功原理 D叠加原理17在图示结构中，若要使其自振频率增大，可以( )A增大P B增大m C. 增大EI D增大l18力法典型方程中的自由项Alp是基本体系在荷载作用下产生的( )AXi BXj CXi方向的位移 DXj方向的位移19一般情况下结点的不平衡力矩总等于( ) A汇交于该结点的固定端弯矩之和 B. 传递弯矩之和C. 结点集中力偶荷载D. 附加约束中的约束力矩20一结构的超静定次数等于结构中( ) A约束的数目 B多余约束的数目

4、C. 结点数 D杆件数三、计算题(20分)21用力法计算图示结构，基本体系如下示，求力法方程各系数和自由项。EI 常数。四、画图题(20分)22用位移法计算图示刚架，画M图。试卷代号：1129中央广播电视大学第二学期“开放本科”期末考试(半开卷)土木工程专业 土木工程力学(本) 试题 一、判断题(将判断结果填入括弧，以表示正确，以X表示错误。每小题3分，共30分) 1图a为一对称结构，用位移法求解时可取半边结构如图b所示。 ( ) 2图示梁AB在所示荷载作用下的M图面积为。 3图示体系有5个质点，其动力自由度为5。(设忽略直杆轴向变形的影响) ( ) 4用力法解超静定结构时，可以取超静定结构为

5、基本体系。 ( ) 5在力矩分配中，当远端为定向支座时，其传递系数为o。 ( ) 6计算超静定结构的极限荷载只需使用平衡条件，不需考虑变形条件。 ( ) 7在温度变化与支座移动因素作用下，静定与超静定结构都有内力。 ( ) 8同一结构选不同的力法基本体系，所得到的力法方程代表的位移条件相同。 ( ) 9位移法典型方程中的主系数恒为正值，付系数恒为负值。 ( ) lo图示结构有四个多余约束。 ( )- 二、选择题每小题3分，共30分) 1图示结构莱截面的影响线已做出如图所示，其中竖标yc是表示( ) A. Pl在E时，C截面的弯矩值 BP1在C时，A截面的弯矩值 C. P1在c时，E截面的弯矩值

6、 D. P1在c时，D截面的弯矩值2图示等截面梁的截面极限弯矩Mu=120kN·m，则其极限荷载为( ) A120kN B100kN C. 80kN D40kN 3用位移法求解图示结构时，基本未知量的个数是( )A8 B10 C11 D12 4图示体系的自振频率。为( ) 5静定结构的影响线的形状特征是( ) A. 直线段组成B曲线段组成 C. 直线曲线混合 D变形体虚位移图6位移法典型方程实质上是( ) A. 平衡方程 B位移条件 C. 物理关系 D. 位移互等定理7图示结构月截面，弯矩等于( ) A0 Bm上拉 C. 1.5m下拉 D1.5m上拉8用位移法计算超静定结构时，其基本

7、未知量为( ) A. 多余未知力 B杆端内力 C. 杆端弯矩 D. 结点位移 9力法方程中的系数代表基本体系在=1作用下产生的( ) AXi B. C. Xi方向的位移 D方向的位移 10超静定结构在荷载作用下产生的内力与刚度( ) A. 无关 B相对值有关 C. 绝对值有关 D相对值绝对值都有关三、(20分) 用力法计算图示结构，并绘出M图，El常数。解： ) 典型方程给(4分)四、(20分) 用位移法计算图示刚架，画M图。 解：试卷代号：1129 中央广播电视大学20062007学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试(半开卷) 土木工程专业 土木工程力学(本) 试题答案及评分标准 (供参考)

8、2007年7月 一、判断题(以表示正确，以X表示错误。每小题3分，共30分) 1X 2X 3X 4 5X 6 7X 8X 9X lOX 二、单项选择题(每小题3分，共30分) 1C 2C 3B 4. C 5A 6A 7C 8D 9C 10H 试卷代号：1129中央广播电视大学20072008学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试(半开卷)土木工程专业 土木工程力学(本) 试题2008年1月 一、判断题(每小题3分，共30分。将判断结果填入括弧内，以表 示正确，以X表示错误) 1图a所示结构的M图如图b所示。EI常数。( ) 2图示结构BC杆B端弯矩(下边受拉为正) ( ) - 3简支梁跨中C截面弯

9、矩影响线的物理意义是荷载P1作用在截面C的弯矩图形。 ( ) 4对于超静止梁，塑性铰的数目不一定等于结构的超静定次数。( ) 5用力法计算超静定结构，选取的基本结构不同，所得到的最后弯矩图也不同。( ) 6支座移动刘超静定结构的极限荷载没有影响。( ) 7位移法典型方程的物理意义足反映原结构的位移条件。( ) 8力矩分配沾中的分配系数、传递系数与荷载无关。< ) 9. 当结构中某杆什的刚度增加时，结构的自振频率不一定增大。( ) lo在多结点结构的力矩分配法计算中，叫以同时放松所有不扪邻的结点以加速收敛速度。( ) 二、单项选择题(每小题3分，共30分。在每小题的四个备选答案中 选出一个

10、正确答案，并将其代号填在题千后面的括号内。不选、 错选或多选者，该题无分) 1用力法计算超静定结构时，其墓本未知量为( )。 A. 杆端弯矩 B结点角位移 c结点线位移 D. 多余未知力 2力法典型方程中的自由项，是基本体系在荷载作用产生的( )。 3. 用位移法计算刚架，常引入轴向刚度条件，即“受弯直杆在变形后两端距离保持不变”。此结论是由下述( )假定导出的。 A. 忽gG受弯自杆的轴向变形和剪切变形 B弯曲变形是微小的 C变形后杆件截面仍与变形曲线相乖直 D假定A与"同时成立4已如图示结构力矩分配系数，则杆端弯矩为( )。 5简支梁的剪力影响线为两条( )。 A. 相交直线 B

11、平行直线 C. 折线 D抛物线 6根据影响线的定义，图示悬臂梁C截面的弯矩影响线在C点的纵标为( )。 A 0 B一3m C， 2m D一1m 7下图所示体系的动力自由度为( )。 A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 A重力在弹性力内考虑了 B重力与其它力相比，可略去不计C. 以重力作用时的静平衡位置为y坐标零点 D. 重力是静力，不在动平衡方程中考虑9图示等截面梁的截面极限弯矩M。120kN.m，则其极限荷载为( )。A120kN B，100kNC. C. 80kN D40kN lo图示单自由度动力体系自振周期的关系为( )。 A(a)(b) B (a)(c) C (b)=(c) D都不等 三、

12、(20分) 用力法计算，并绘图示结构的M图。EI常数。 参考答案： 四、(20分) 用位移法求解此刚架。各杆EI相同，等于常数。(只要求求出各系数和自由项，列出位移法方程) 参考答案：只有一个结点角位移。建立基本结构如图所示。位移法方程：试卷代号：1129 中央广播电视大学20072008学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试(半开卷) 土木工程专业 土木工程力学(本) 试题答案及评分标准 (供参考) 2008年1月一、判断题(每小题3分，共30分。将判断结果填入括弧内，以表示正确，以X表示错误) 1 2X 3X 4 5X 6. 7X 8 9 10二、选择题(每小题3分，共30分) 1D 2D 3

13、D 4A 5B 6A 7，B 8C 9C 10A3、 (20分) 中央广播电视大学20042005学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试土木工工、土木工管、土木工道专业 土木工程力学(2) 试题2005年7月一、是非题(将判断结果填入括弧，以表示正确，以×表示错误。本大题分3小题，共15分) 1图示为刚架的虚设力系，按此力系及位移计算公式可求出杆AC的转角。( )(本题5分)2图示结构的超静定次数是n3。( × )(本题5分)3图示为单跨超静定梁的力法基本体系，其力法方程的系数为为lEA。( ) (本题5分)二、选择题(将选中答案的字母填入括弧内。本大题分2小题，共15分) 1

14、据影响线的定义，图示悬臂梁C截面的弯距影响线在C点的纵坐标为： A0 B3mC. 2m D1m ( A )(本题7分) 2图为超静定梁的基本结构及多余力X11作用下的各杆内力，EA为常数，则为： Ad(05+1414)EA Bd(15+1414)EAC. d(25+1414)EA Dd(15+2828)EA ( B )(本题8分) 三、(本题10分)选出图示结构的力法基本体系，并绘出相应的多余约束力。 四、(本大题20分)用力矩分配法计算并作图示结构的M图。EI为常数。用力矩分配法计算并作图示结构的M图。EI为常数。 BAAB1D 4737MP一2+21

15、2分配、传递一3767914M一1778787 3分 MF： 4分 分配、传递： 4分 M： 4分 弯矩图： 5分 五、(本大题20分)用位移法作图示结构M图。EI为常数。用位移法作图示结构M图。EI为常数。基本体系图： 5分 求系数： 3分 求自由项： 3分 解方程求： 4分绘弯矩田： 5分 六、(本大题20分)图示刚架横梁为刚性杆，重量W：10kN集中在横粱上，h4m，EI5442×104kN·m2，求自振频率。图示刚架横梁为刚性杆，重量W：10kN集中在横粱上，h4m，EI5442×104kN·m2，求自振频率。水平侧移刚度：1

16、020×104kNm(10分)自振频率：(10分) 中央广播电视大学20052006学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试土木工程专业 土木工程力学(本) 试题 2006年1月 一、是非题(将判断结果填入括弧；以表示正确，以×表示错误) (本大题共3小题，总计15分)1图a为一对称结构，用位移法求解时可取半边结构如图b所示。( )(本题5分)2图示梁AB在所示荷载作用下的M图面积为3。( )(本题5分)3图示体系有5个质点，其动力自由度为5。（设忽略直杆崭向变形的影响）（ ）(本题5分)二、选择题(将选中答案的字母填入括号内)(本大题共3小题，总计 15分)

17、 1已知混合结构的多余力3874kN及图a、b分别为Mp，Np和，图，则K截面的M值为： A5543kN·m B564kN·mC8348kN·m D8471kN·m ( )(本题7分) 2图示结构某截面的影响线已做出如图所示，其中竖标是表示： AP1在E时，C截面的弯矩值 BP1在C时，A截面的弯矩值CP1在C时，E截面的弯矩值 DP1在C时，D截面的弯矩值( )(本题8分)三、(本大题15分)计算图示结位移法典型方程式中系数和自由项（各杆的EI为常数）四、(本大题15分)求图示刚架的力矩分配系数。EI=常数。五、(15分)试用机动法绘制图示多跨静定梁、

18、影响线。六、(本大题25分)求图示结构的自振频率。EI=9600×·。试题答案及评分标准一、是非题(将判断结果填入括弧；以表示正确，以×表示错误) (本大题共3小题，总计15分)1× 2× 3×二、选择题(将选中答案的字母填入括号内)(本大题共3小题，总计 15分)1A(本题7分) 2C(本题8分) 三、(本大题15分)计算图示结位移法典型方程式中系数和自由项（各杆的EI为常数）四、(本大题15分)求图示刚架的力矩分配系数。EI=常数。结点AD杆端AB AC ADDA DE315 815 41513 23每个系数各3分。五、(15分)

19、试用机动法绘制图示多跨静定梁、影响线。影响线(7分)影响线(8分)请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can

20、 also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most

21、 Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that you' 

22、;ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough prep

23、aration. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming "Golden Week" it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the

24、changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, "China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli". It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino

25、-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the y

26、ear round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner M

27、ongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name "Haren Arxan" means "hot holy water" in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It i

28、s a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green.  Nestled close to the country's largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth.  You cannot mi

29、ss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions.  Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and bloomin

30、g grassland.  Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder.  The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly g

31、reen. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it's time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream th

32、at satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they we

33、re children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-

34、in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among the

35、m was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marr

36、iage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang's misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoe

37、s whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, mov

38、ed by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (

39、206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the "Begging for Skills Festival" or "Daughters' Festival." In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skil