兔迷走神经在协调消化间期胆囊与奥迪氏括约肌运动方面的作用

1、    兔迷走神经在协调消化间期胆囊与奥迪氏括约肌运动方面的作用         摘要目的：探讨兔迷走神经在协调消化间期胆囊(GB)与奥迪氏括约肌(SO )运动方面的作用。方法：动物禁食但自由饮水1518 h后，乌拉坦静脉麻 醉。蛙膀胱置入GB内，测GB内压，双极康铜丝电极引SO肌电。结果：消化间 期 GB位相性收缩(GBPC)与SO锋电位簇(CSPSO)间存在11对应关系，迷走复合区(DVC)内微量注 射谷氨酸钠(MSG)或促甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)后PCGB及SO锋电位

2、活动增强，GBPC与CSPSO间1 1关系依然存在；颈部迷走神经切断或静脉注射阿托品后，PCGB及SO锋电位活动明显减弱 ，PCGB与CSPSO间对应关系消失；人为升高胆囊内压，SO锋电位无变化。结论：迷走中枢经外周迷走神经和M受体控制着兔消化间期GB及SO间协调运动。关键词：胆囊；奥迪氏括约肌；迷走神经；促甲状腺激素释放激素 ；胆碱能M受体中分类号：R541.7文献标识码：A文章编号：1000 -6834(2000)04-0347-03THE VAGUS NERVE COORDINATES THE MOTION OFGALLBLADDER AND SPHINCTER OF ODDI IN T

3、HEINTERDIGESTIVE PERIOD IN RABBITSLIU Chuan-yong LIU Jing-zhangLI Zi-yingLIU KE-jing（Department of Physiology,Shandong Medical University,Jinan, 2500 12）ABSTRACTAim: To investigate the effect of vagus nerve on coordinating the motion of gallbladder (GB) and sphincter of Oddi (SO) in the interdigesti

4、ve period in rabbits. Methods: Fasted for 15 h18 h, but allowed to drink wa ter, the rabbib were anesthetized with urethane (1.0 mg/kg, iv). In order to mea sure GB pressure, a frog bladder filled with normal saline was put into GB and c onnected to a transducer (TP-200T). Myoelectric signals of SO

5、was recorded by a pair of copper electrodes. Results: In the interdigestive peri od, phasic contractions of GB (PCGB) and clusters of spike potentials of SO (CS PSO) was 11 correlated (Y=0.962X+0.587,r=0.982,P<0.01). That is, every PCGB was accompanied by one CSPSO. Microinjection of thyrotropin-

6、rele asing hormone (TRH, 0.8 nmol, 1 l) or monosodium glutamate (MSG, 2 mol, 1 l) into dorsal vagal complex (DVC) enhanced the motility of GB and SO, and t he 11 temporal relation between PCGB and CSPSO still existed. Vagotomy or intr avenous injection of atropine inhibited the PCGB and the spike po

7、tentials of SO, and the 11 correlation between PCGB and CSPSO disappeared. The spike bursts o f SO did not respond to the artificial rise of gallbladder pressure. con clusion: In the interdigestive period in rabbits, gallbladder and SO con tra ct and relax rhythmically and simultaneously. This eoord

8、inated motion between G B and SO is controlled by DVC via vagus nerve and peripheral M receptors.KEY WORDS:我们前一阶段的研究表明，迷走神经在调节兔消化间期胆囊位相性收缩(phasic contractio n of gallbadder,PCGB)方面起重要作用13。最近我们发现，在消化间期，兔P CGB与奥迪氏括约肌锋电位簇(clusters of spike potentials of sphincter of oddi,CSPS O)之间呈明显11对应关系4。本实验通过迷走神经复合

9、区(dorsal vagal compl ex,DVC)内微量注射兴奋性递质、迷走神经切断及外周受体阻断等方法，旨在探讨迷走神经 在协调消化间期胆囊(gallbladder,GB)与奥迪氏括约肌(sphincter of Oddi,SO)间协调运 动方面的作用。1材料与方法1.1动物分组实验采用健康成年家兔25只，分成5组(n=5)；第一组，DVC内微量注射促甲状腺激素释 放激素(thyrotropine-releasing hormone,TRH);第二组，DVC内微量注射谷氨酸钠(monoso dium glutamate,MSG);第三组，颈部迷走神经切断；第四组，静脉注射阿托品；第五组

10、，人 为升高胆囊内压(gallbladder pressure,GP)。1.2动物模型制备动物禁食但自由饮水15 18 h后，乌拉坦(1.0 mg/kg)静脉麻醉。常规气管插管。三碘季 胺酚(0.3 mg/kg,iv)肌松，人工呼吸(通气量30 ml×20次/min)。单侧股动脉插管监测血压 ，动物肛温维持于37.038.5。1.3GP及SO电活动记录动物仰卧，腹部正中切口暴露GB，在GB底部剪一3 mm的小口，将装有生理盐水的蛙膀胱置入 GB内并结扎切口，由一软橡胶管将蛙膀胱与压力换能器(TP-200T)相连；将双极康铜丝电极 固定于SO浆膜下；GB与SO的压力及电信号分别经载波放

11、大器(AB-621G)及生物电放大器(BI -601G)放大后，在生理记录仪(RM-6000，NIHON KOHDEN)上同步记录。1.4DVC内微量注射将动物头固定在江湾型颅脑定位仪上。根据Messen谱，将一外径为0.5 mm的定向钢管 插入DVC内(闩前0.51.0 mm,旁开0.71.2 mm，深0.51.2 mm)。将所要注射药物 按所需剂量配制成1 l,用容量为5 l的微量注射器沿定向导管缓缓注入DVC内，注射时间 1 min。实验结束后用直流电烧灼注药位点，福尔马林固定后冰冻切片，光镜下观察注药位 点。1.5统计学分析将3 min内PCGB与CSPSO数量间相关关系进行分析，将r

12、值进行t检验，在有直线相关 的两变量间作回归方程。在第五组，将人为升高GP前后SO电活动的积分值进行配对t检验。2结果2.1DVC内微量注射TRH         Fig.1 The 11 temporal relatio n between the phasic contraction of gallbladder (PCGB) and the cluster of the s pike potentials of sphincter of Oddi (CSPSO) before and after inject

13、ion of thyro tropin-releasing hormone(TRH) (0.8 nml, 1 l) into dorsal vagalcomplex (DVC) . A, gallbladder pressure, B, spike potentials of sphincterof Oddi. inject TRH into DVC2.2DVC内微量注射MSG         Fig.2 The 11 temporal relatio n between the phasic contractio

14、n of gallbladder (PCGB) and the cluster of the sp ik potentials of sphincter of Oddi (CSPSO) before and after injection of monoso dium glutamate (MSG) (0.2 mol, 1 l)into dorsal vagal complex (DVC).A, gall bladder pressure.B, spike potentials of sphincter of Oddi.2.3双侧颈部迷走神经切断在第三组，双侧颈部迷走神经分离并切断，在神经切断

15、后30 min内，PCGB与SO锋电位明显抑 制，PCGB与CSPSO间11对应关系消失(r=-0.213,P<0.05,n=5)(3)。         Fig.3 The 11 temporal correlation between the phasic contraction of gallbladder (PCGB) and the cluster ofspike potentials of sphincte r of Oddi (CSPSO) was absent after cervical v

16、agotomy. A, gallbladder pressure, B. spike potentials of sphincter of Oddi. , cervical vagotomy 2.4静脉注射阿托品静脉注射阿托品(0.2 mg/kg)明显抑制PCGB与SO锋电位，PCGB与CSPSO间11对应关系消失( r=0.678,P>0.05,n=5)(4)。         Fig.4 The 11 temporal correlation between the phasic contraction

17、of gallbladder (PCGB) and the cluster of spike potentials of sphincter of Oddi (CSPSO) was absent after block of the peripheral M receptors by atropi ne(0.2 mg/kg, iv).A, gallbladder Pressure. B, spike potentials of sphincter of O ddi. injection of atropine (0.2 mg/kg) intravenously 2.5人为升高GP将生理盐水沿三

18、通管注入蛙膀胱内以升高GP 0.100.20 kPa，并维持此压力1 min。GP升高 后2 min内，SO电活动积分值较注射前未见明显改变(P>0.05,n=5)5)。         Fig.5 The reaction of spike potentials of SO to the artif icial rise of gallbladder pressure .A, gallbladder pressure, B, spike potential s of sphincter of Oddi. r

19、aise the gallbladder pressure3讨论PCGB与CSPSO间11对应关系提示GB与SO间这种协调运动可能 是由神经控制的。我们从前的 实验表明，在DVC内，TRH与谷氨酸可能作为重要的递质，通过迷走神经及外周M受体对胆道 运动起兴奋作用13。本实验发现，TRH与MSG注射入DVC后虽然能增强消化间期P CGB与SO锋电位，PCGB与CSPSO间11对应关系仍然保持。然而在双侧迷走神经切断或阻断外 周M受体后，GB与SO间这种协调运动消失。因此我们推测，迷走神经参与了消化间期GB与SO 间协调运动的控制。迷走神经控制消化间期GB与SO同步运动的途径可能有两条。其一，DV

20、C(迷走神经中枢)内支 配GB与SO的前运动神经元同步紧张性兴奋与抑制，因此使外周靶器官的收缩与舒张同步。我 们的实验结果支持这一假设。谷氨酸和TRH作为DVC内重要的神经递质1，5，6， 可能参与了这方面的活动。第二条可能的途径是通过GB与SO间迷走-迷走反射。消化间期PC GB有很重要的生理作用7，8。在一次PCGB中，GP升高，这可能刺激了GB壁上的压 力感受器，通过迷走-迷走长反射诱发一次CSPSO。本实验结果不支持这一假设，因为当GP被 人为 升高0.100.20 kPa后，SO电活动并未见明显改变。基金项目：山东自然科学基金资助项目(Y95c1032)作者简介：刘传勇(1969-)

21、，男，山东齐河人，硕士，从事哺乳动物胆道 运动的神经及体液调控研究。刘传勇（山东医科大学生理教研室，济南250012）刘京璋（山东医科大学生理教研室，济南250012）李自英（山东医科大学生理教研室，济南250012）刘克敬（山东医科大学生理教研室，济南250012）4参考文献1刘传勇，刘京璋,周建华，等.电化学刺激兔迷走复合区对胆道运动的影响 J.山东医科大学学报，1997,35：207-210.2 Liu C Y, Liu J Z， Zhou J H, et al. TRH microinjection into DVC enhanc es motility of rabbits gallbladder via vagus nerveJ.World J Gastroenterol , 1998，4:162-164.3刘传勇，刘京璋，李爱军，等迷走及交感神经对兔消化间期胆囊位相性收缩的影 响J中国神经科学杂志，1998，14(3)