动词不定式做主语宾语及双宾语结构

1、动词不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理（1）定义： 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。结构： “to +动词原形”，即 “to do”,其中 to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 否定形式为： not / never + to do句法功能：一、 用作主语 多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。E.g. To learn English well is not easy. = Its not easy to learn English well.1. I t is our d

2、uty to try our best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见) 【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。 . 疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。How to learn English well is important. 补充：用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词to do

3、It's our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词for sbto do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容词of sbto do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teac

4、her says. 注意：在中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。在不定式前的sb.，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb. is形容词to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English. = Yo

5、u are kind to help me with my English. It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. 【练习】1. Its very nice of them (send) me the flowers. 2. (become) a teacher is my dream. 3. Its very important to learn English well.(同义句转换) English well very important. 4. It's our duty _ the room

6、 every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans 5. It's hard for us _ English well. A. Learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning 6.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover. 7. It's very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for

7、C. to， for D. of， to二、 用作宾语1. 可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有： 在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。【练习1：在课文中找出后接不定式做宾语的词并归纳】单词不定式及其否定形式单词不定式及其否定形式19210311412513614715816【练习2】1. They want _(save) time by using shorter words and phrase

8、s. 2. Its time for class. Please stop _(talk).3. Id like _(go) to the Temple of Heaven.4. We decided _ at the end of this month. A. travelB. not start outC. to leaveD. going5. The teacher told us _in bed. A. Dont readB. read not C. to not read D. not to read2. 动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语

9、代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是 .feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do.。如： I find it difficult (remember)everything. I find it a good way (提高)my English.归 纳 及 注 意及物动词+不定式一般形式：谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语)说 明want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) /

10、 wish(希望) + to (do)(无)help(帮助)to可以省略begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大及物动词+疑问词+不定式： 谓语动词(vt.)+wh-疑问词+不定式 (作宾语)说明tell (告诉) / show (显示) / know (知道) / ask (问) / find out (发现) / understand (明白) / learn(学会) / forget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(

11、教某人) what where+ how + to (do)whowhich不定式疑问形式还可以作句子的主语、表语等。注意： 后跟不带to 的动词做宾语补足语的词， see sb. do sth. / watch sb. do sth. / make sb. do sth. /have sb. do sth. / let sb. do sth. 【巩固练习】1. Let him _ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. A. hasB. have C. to have D. having2. _the computer is

12、 a problem. A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use3. The teacher told us _in bed. A. dont readB. read notC. to not read D. not to read4. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _? A. turn down it B. turn it downC. to turn it down D. to turn down it5. Its cold outside. You had b

13、etter _ your coat. A. to put onB. putting on C. puts on D. put on二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. It took half an hour _(get) to the World Park from Kittys school.2. It was interesting _(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.3. They want _(save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 4. Kittys

14、classmate Daniel taught himself how _(make) a home page.5. He put his photos on it for everyone _(look) at.6. Help him _(put) the photos in the correct order.7. He made the girl _(cry) yesterday.双宾语定义： 当一个句子中出现两个动作的承受着，一个是物，一个是人，采用下列表达方式： 动词+人+物= 动词+物+介词 +人。 此时，人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。结构： “及物动词+间

15、接宾语+直接宾语” 或 “及物动词+ 直接宾语+ to/for +间接宾语”例子： I give you a rose. 【主语】 【动词】 【间接宾语】 【直接宾语】 I give a rose to you. 【主语】 【动词】 【 】 【 】 【 】【判断】 I passed him an apple. I passed an apple to him.【辨析点】 双宾语结构为“及物动词+ 直接宾语+ to/for +间接宾语”时，根据动词不同，介词有时为 to, 有时为 for .其中to侧重指动作的方向，表示“朝着，向着，对着”；其中for侧重 指动作的受益者，表示“为了，替”。 常

16、见搭配： to for give sb. sth. = give sth.to sb. buy sb. sth. = give sth.for sb. send sb. sth. = send sth.to sb. make sb. sth. = give sth.for sb. show sb. sth. = show sth.to sb. cook sb. sth. = give sth.for sb. teach sb. sth. = teach sth.to sb. lend sb. sth. = lend sth.to sb.【巩固练习】1. Can you explain ? A. this problem to me B. me problem C. to me problem D. my this probl