中考英语专题复习专项突破篇第一部分完形填空(含三年命题规律总结精炼)

1、1完形填空第一部分完羽填空$北京20142016年中考命题親律总结莓完形填空是中考试题中考查学生阅读能力及掌握语言基础知识能力的综合性题目。它通常是一篇语意完整的短文。在选材上，内容新颖、有趣、时代感强且都贴近现实社会生活或 学生校园生活。完形填空题的第一句通常不设空，给读者提供一定的语言背景。中考完形填空题主要考查学生以下三个方面的知识和技能：一、对文章的整体理解， 上下文段落的衔接， 逻辑思维与判断能力。二、对词汇和惯用法等语言基础知识的考查，多以实词为主，虚词为辅。根据 对近几年中考完形填空题的分析，各种词类的考查比例由多到少，顺序如下：动词、名词、 形容词、副词、连词和代词等，也注重考

2、查习惯搭配和词语辨析。三、对生活中常见的事实 进行推理和判断的能力。完形填空是中考试题中考查学生阅读能力及掌握语言基础知识能力的综合性题目。完形填空题的命题思路主要有两大特点：1.语境充分完形填空的话题通常是学生比较熟悉的日常生活和学习的场景；阅读语境充分，便于学生根据语意完整、语法正确、合乎逻辑的原则，通过逻辑思维，联系上下文，推断出正确的答案。从下面 2014 年到 2016 年北京中考完形填空分析的表格就可以看出本特点。北京市 20142016年中考完形填空试题语境分析分类年份话题体裁考查层次句子语境篇章语境2014家人、朋友 与周围的人记叙文35，37, 39，40，4536， 38，

3、 41， 42， 43， 44， 462015人际关系记叙文31，32，3433， 35， 36， 37， 38， 39， 402016日常生活记叙文31，32，33，3435， 36， 37， 38， 39， 402.立德树人近三年来中考完形填空都有育人功能。尽管看起来形式上有残缺（若干个空），但它的内容，语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落之间的联系， 段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。更重要的是，完形填空可以使读者从精神层面得到升华， 或从道德层面得以提高，或从内容层面得以拓展眼界。例如：2014 年北京中考完形填空，通过讲述作者在超市里碰到一个陌生人为流浪狗买牛奶

4、和食物的故事，传达了 “向他人传递爱与幸福的圣诞老人的角色并不需要等到圣诞节那天才能有，每天都可以有”的理念。解答完形填空的总原则是“先完意， 后完形”，即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要传递 的理念，再进行选择填空。在做选择填空题时，我们可以从以下五方面思考:21.充分利用首句信息答题完形填空的首句不设空， 而是尽可能多地给考生提供一些必要的信息,定文章的体裁、背景、写作意图甚至中心思想。2.巧用上下文信息答题通篇理解，从整体角度考虑，结合上下文信息才能判断出最佳答案。3.利用语法知识、词语搭配、固定句型答题例：In videos of the experime nt, some waitedp

5、atie ntly，wait a si ngle mi nu te.A. ifB. becauseC. so文章介绍了美国心理学家对一组四岁孩子所做的一个有关自制力的试验。试验过程中，“有些能够耐心等待，而有些则连一分钟也等不了”。只有while （而，然而）放在此处合适。此题考查语境中连词的表意功能。4.根据文化背景常识答题完形填空的文章内容往往与文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，因而答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断，最终确定答案。 另外，中外文化之间的差异也是必须考虑的。5.把握文章脉络综合推理判断文章的逻辑关系包括并列、原因、结果、让步、转折

6、、补充、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等，要依靠不同的词来表达，如an d, but, so, however, the n, fin ally, for example等，它们在文章中起着篇章纽带的作用，可以作为解答完形填空的路标。解答完形填空可以分为以下三步：1.通读全文，把握大意完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推出答 案。因此，需要注意上下句之间的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时，更要注意上下文提供的线索， 把自己置身于文章情境当中进行填空，这样才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到正确信息。通常情况下，第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把

7、握不住短文内容，理不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一两遍，直到明确大意为止。2.细读全文，确定选项完形填空的特点在于人为地设置了很多空格，使文章支离破碎、残缺不全，这就造成了理解上的障碍。需要考生跳过空格，快速领悟文章主旨。只有这样，才能保证思路连贯，在 理解的过程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。设空有一定的规律性，一般说来大都是均衡分布， 各空之间的距离大致相当，通常是隔一定数量的单词，留出一个空格，不连续设空，并且完形填空选项中的词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词，当然也不排除能影响文章内容的一些虚词，如介词、连词等。3.重读复核，消除疏漏复

8、核完形填空时一定要着眼于整体理解，需要注意上下句之间的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时，更要注意上下文提供的线索， 把自己置身于文章情境当中进行填空，体会作者的写作意图和表达的理念，这样才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到因而读懂首句可以帮助考生建立正确的思维导向,避免走弯路。通过首句往往能确_ others couldn tD. while3正确信息。对于实在无法确定的选项，可以从文中相同或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地做出猜测。只要把握了文意和具体的语境， 通过对词义的辨析，一些错误的干扰项就容易被排除。4g201(4年真题洲绒丁Passage 1体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文周围的

9、人40115 分钟Santa Can Come before Christmas（2014 北京） It was last June. I entered a supermarket to pick some vegetables, when a youngman asked me,“ Can you tell me where the 1 counter （柜台） is?“Well, the milk is in the lower right corner，” I replied.Picki ng up my thin gs, I fin ally came to the milk cou

10、n ter where I met the same man 2 almost 10bottles of milk.I asked，“ Do you need a basket or a trolley ? “Sure, thank you,” he answered.I was 3 he was still had 24bottles of milk.pick ing more bottlesand after a few minutes his trolleyI laughed and askedHe smiled and saidto be a San taWhy so many bot

11、tles?These are for my street dogs. Today, I want54 them.I said ，“ Well , it s too 5 for you to be a Santa. It is stillJune and Christmas comes in December. ”He 6 at me and walked a few steps, as if he wan ted to say someth ing but he leftthe coun ter without say ing anything.7, we met aga in at the

12、bread coun ter.“ So these bread and cakes are also for the street dogs, Mr. San ta.He smiled and said，“ Yes. These are also for the dogs and I loveto be Mr. Santa in the month of June. Santa is a represe ntati on（象征） of surprises and 8. Santa comes in December as we 9 himaround Christmas. But in rea

13、l life there is a Santa in each one of usthat shines through our personality at some point of time, no matterwhich month it is. Maybe when you offered help to me by getting me a trolley, there was a 10 Santa inyou. Wherwe offer food to a poor manor a （n）11 to some onewho is caught in the rain, we ar

14、e being Santa there. So when you offer help to others or ge t help fromothers, just think that Santa has come all the way for you.”He left and I was happy that I had met him. It was right to understand that Santa can come beforeChristmas. We just n eed to realize that he is around us by_12happ in es

15、s and uncon diti on al love.1. A. vegetableB. milkC. breadD. fish2. A. putt ingB. choos ingC. holdi ngD. bringing3. A. sadB. excitedC. angryD. surprised4. A. forB. onC. ofD. by5. A. easyB. earlyC. helpfulD. important6. A. poin tedB. laughedC. shoutedD. turned67. A. LuckilyB. Sudde nlyC. HopefullyD.

16、Naturally8. A. loveB. successC. frien dshipD.honor9. A. callB. showC. expectD. i nvite10. A. lostB. froze nC. forgotte nD. hidden11. A. cameraB. umbrellaC. appleD. box12. A. stori ngB. facingC. spreadi ngD. in creasingHl 5 BCDAB 610 DBACD 11 12 BCPassage 2体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文人际关系44515 分钟The Phone Call（2015

17、 北京）It was getting dark. Paul looked out of the window and sighed（叹 气）. Dad saidhe would come home by 5:30, but it was almost 7:00. Even if Dad came back, it wouldn t be much funplaying 1 in the dark. Paul walked into his room and threw his baseball into the corner. He tried to dosome homework, but

18、couldn t.The phone rang at about 8:00. It was Dad:“Paul, I m 2, but I co uldn tplay baseball with you tonight. I have to finish my work at the office. Maybe we can play this weeke nd.Oh no. How about next weeke nd?.”Paul couldn t understand why Dad was so3. He threw himselfinto the sofa and soon fel

19、l asleep. His book was still ope ned to the first page.The next day at school, Paul didn t hand in his homework and_4a test. Mrs Green, his teacher, asked him to stay after school.“Paul,you didn t do your homework. You didn t pass the test and only got a D. This isn t likeyou. What s wrong? ”5_.“Pau

20、l, if you don t want to talk, I will. I know that something sworrying you, but you have to get it out. You need to tell some one.As Paul walked home, he thought of what Mrs Green said. Maybe he didn t do his homeworkbecause he wan ted to get his dad s 6. He knew Mrs Green was right.He decided to tak

21、e her advice.When Paul got home, he 7 his dad. But there was no an swer. Then it went to voicemail （语音信箱）.Paul began talking:“Dad, I can t play with you next weekend.I ve got lots of problems with my homework. Also, I really don t want to spendano ther day look ing out of the window and wait ing. Wh

22、en ever you8our pla ns,Dad, it hurts me. It s not too late to rebuild our relati on ship, butwe have tostart small. Maybe you can help me with my9 sometime. Dad, I love you. ”As Paul ended the call, he felt much relaxed. He didn t know whether his dadwould be different, but it didn t matter. He hims

23、elf10 . He expressed hisfeelings to the right person. He had a clear head as he was doing his homework thatevening.1. A. baseballB. cardsC. chessD. toys2. A. luckyB. sorryC. surprisedD. pleased3. A. famousB. helpfulC. lazyD. busy4. A. madeB. missedC. failedD.chosePaul just sat there75. A. cheerfully

24、B. comfortablyC. hopefullyD. quietly6. A. attentionB. messageC. praiseD. trust7. A. sawB. tha nkedC. calledD. greeted8. A. prepareB. breakC. followD. question9. A. choiceB. homeworkC.speechD. decisi on10. A. regrettedB. compla inedC. i nsistedD.changed答案 1 一 5 ABDCD 610ACBBDPassage 3体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文日常生

25、活48018 分钟Murhs Christmas Surprise（2016 -北京） Molly ran back home from school and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa. Thenon the table she saw“Mum s Wish Book ”一 a mail order catalog （商品目录） from a gift shop. “Mum” she said excitedly to herself，“this year you ll get the gloves youwant! ” Molly had walke

26、 d a dog for a neighbor and saved her_1all year to buy Mum the gloves.She opened “ Mum s Wish Book and hoped that she could find these 2 in it. Tears ran down herface when she saw the gloves in the catalog. Mum wouldn t buythem for herself, because the family had a3 time on the farm. She once heardM

27、um say to Dad，“ Maybe some day, I ll have the money to get them. ”Molly ran out by the back door and went straight to the post office. There she carefully filled out theorder form torn from the catalog.“I need to buy a stamp to 4 the form, ” she said to Mr. Smith, the only worker in the post office.

28、“Umm, a pair of gloves? ” said Mr. Smith, as he passed a stamp to her.“Yes. It s a Christmas gift for Mum, but please don t tell her. It s ou r5_, OK? Molly didn t realize how white Mr. Smith s beard was until that moment. In fact, he remin dedher of Santa Claus.As Molly walked back home, she decide

29、d to tell Dad her secret.“ You ve gotto check the mailbox every day ，” said Molly 6 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile.Coming home from school every day, Molly peeked at（偷看） Dad when Mumwasn t 7_, but everytime he shook his head.On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from the mailbox, still empty handed.

30、Molly felt8 when she went to bed, because she didn t have the gloves for Mum.Before Christmas dinner, as Mumtook the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began 9_ the table.Sudde nly, they heard some one pulli ng up the driveway. From the wi ndow they saw Mr. Smith mak inghis way to the door, with a bo

31、x in his hand.Mr. Smith 10 Mum the box，“ I believe this is yours.”Mum looked from Dad to Molly and opened the box. Her eyes lit up when she saw the gloves.“Oh, who bought these for me? ” she asked.“Santa did ，” said Molly smilingly“Ho!Ho!Ho!Merry Christmas! ” said Mr. Smith, with a loud laugh.8It wa

32、s a Christmas that no one would ever forget.1. A. timeB. moneyC. energyD. food2. A. flowersB. sun glassesC. glovesD. chocolates3. A. hardB. lo nelyC. shortD. busy4. A. desig nB. checkC. completeD. send5. A. secretB. choiceC. dreamD. task6. A. patie ntlyB. doubtfullyC. proudlyD. quietly7. A. worki ng

33、B. looki ngC. smili ngD. talki ng8. A. sadB. stra ngeC. angryD. tired9. A. push ingB. cha ngingC. sett ingD. book ing10. A. boughtB.handedC. le ntD. returnedE1 5 BCADA 610CBACB7 201 2016年中老模掀题分组训统A 组Passage 1体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文圣诞之“爱”42110 分钟（2016 中学生英语学习报） On eChristmas Eve, I kissed myfamily goodbye and

34、went to spe ndthe ni ght in the hospital where I worked in its emerge ncy departme nt（急诊部）.It was a thankless job. At 9 pm, a man was brought in. He was having a heart attack and was 1.I did my best to help him. Before I left in the mornin g, I stopped by to see how he was doing. Hecame through the

35、ni ght and was sleep ing.Emergency doctors don t have 2relationships with patients like otherdoctors. Weget the suddenly sick and the wounded. Often they re frightenedor angryat us, just3we re there. They pass through our hands and out the door. Weseldom see them aga in. I thought no more about my h

36、eart patie nt. The4 year, Igot Christmas Eve duty aga in and I pulled myself off to work. At 9 pm sharp, the nurse told me 5 inthe hall wan ted to speak with me.The manintroduced himself as Mr. Lee and said ，“ You probably don t 6 me, but last ChristmasEve you saved my life. Thank you for the year y

37、ou gave me.”He and his wife handed me a small gift and left.The following year my family was 7that I couldstay home onChristmas Eve.But I wan ted to see if the Lees would call. I came to work and keptan eye onthe door. Once again, at 8 9 pm, they appeared, carrying their new grandchild.Mr. Lee, his

38、family and I spent 13 ChristmasEves together. He died in 2005.The last time I saw him, he brought me a9 imprinted（印着） with a singleword:Friendship. Nowmy family and I ring it every Christmas Eve at 9 pmsharp to remember the man who didn t 10.1. A. blamedB. upsetC. frightenedD. annoyed2. A. frie ndly

39、B. directC. specialD. con tinuing93. A. whe nB. becauseC. un tilD. before4. A. lastB. followi ngC. wholeD. recent105. A. my friendsB. a doctorC. a coupleD. my boss6. A. needB. knowC. likeD. remember7. A. touchedB. disappo in tedC.happyD. worried8. A. exactlyB. fin allyC. firstlyD. about9. A. bottleB

40、. cupC. jarD. bell10. A. comeB. liveC. forgetD. con ti nueHl 5 CDBBC 610 DCADBPassage 2体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文圣诞之“爱”42715 分钟（2015 朝阳一模）I remember my first Christmas party with Grandma. I was only eight years old. I rodeon my bike to visit her on the day. My big sister said.“There is no Santa Claus （圣诞老人）. Don

41、 t be silly! ” I knew my grandma always told the truth.Gran dma was at home. I told her1 . She was ready for me.“ NoSanta Claus? ” She cried ，“ Don t believe it. That rumor（谣传）makes me 2 .Now, put on your coat, and let s go shopping.” We went to Kerby s S tore. As wewalked through its doors, Gran dm

42、a3 me ten dollars （美元）.That was a bun dle（一大笔钱）in those days. “ Take this money and buy someth ing for some one who _4 it. I ll waitfor you in the car.” Then she turned and walked5 Kerby s.I thought of everybody I kn eW: my family, my frien ds, my n eighbors and thechildre n at school. I was thinkin

43、g it hard, whe n I6 thought of Bobbie Decker.He sat right behind me in Mrs. Pollack s second grade class.Bobbie Decker didn thave a coat. I knew7 because he n ever went out to play duri ng the win ter. Itouched the ten-dollar bill with grow ing exciteme nt. I would buy Bobbie Decker a coat. Then I b

44、ought ablue coat. It looked really 8 and I was sure he would like it.That evening. Gran dma helped me 9 the coat in Christmas paper, and write,“To Bobbie, From Santa Claus ” on it. Grandma said that Santa always helped people in secret.Then she drove me over to Bobbie Decker s house, explaining10 we

45、went that I was now one of Santa s helpers. Grandma parked d own the street from Bobbie s house,and she and I hid in the bushes（灌木） by his front walk. I tooka deep breath, dashed （猛冲）for his front door,11 the present downon his step,knocked on the door and flew back to the safety of the bushes and G

46、randma. Together we went in thedark ness wait ing for the front door to ope n. Fin allyit did, and therestood Bobbie.on his team.1. A. everythingB. someth ingC. anythingD. nothing2. A. happyB. angryC. excitedD. n ervous3. A. sentB. showedC. broughtD. handed4. A. needsB. wan tsC. likesD. takes5. A. i

47、ntoB. aroundC. out ofD. away from6. A. easilyB. sudde nlyC. hardlyD. usuallyForty years has passed. I never forgetthe 12beside my grandma, in BobbieDecker s bushes. That night,I realizedthat Santa was aliveand well, and we were117. A. thatB. thisC. theseD. him8. A. softB. niceC. beautifulD. warm9. A

48、. putB. makeC. wrapD. collect10. A. sinceB. beforeC. afterD. as11. A. placedB. droppedC. threwD. left12. A. ChristmasB. mome ntC. placeD. prese ntH1 5 ABDAC 610BADCD 1112 CBPassage 3体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文圣诞之“爱”44915 分钟Christmas Love（2014 东城一模） Each December, I promised to make Christmas a relaxed and peacefu

49、lexperienee. I didn t spend too much time on card writing,endless cookingand decorating. Yet still, I found myself tired, unable to enjoy the valuable family mome nts, and of course,to un dersta nd the true meaning of1.Christmas came again. My son, Nicholas, was in primary school that year. It was a

50、 very2 seas on for a six-year- old child. For weeks, he d bee n memoriz ing songs for his school s“ Win ter Celebrati on” . All the pare nts were in vited to be prese ntat their show.I didn t have the heart to tell him I d be working. Unwilling to3 hisshiningmoment, I spoke with his teacher. She tol

51、d me there d be a dress rehearsal（彩排）on the morning of the prese ntati on.All4 un able to be prese nt thatevening were welcome to come the n.So, on the 5 of the dress rehearsal, I arrived ten minutes early. Around the room, I saw severalother parents.Because the public school system had long stopped

52、referring to the holiday as “Christmas ” , I didn t 6 anything other than fun. So, when myson s classrose to sing “Christmas Love” , I was a little bit surprised by its title.Nicholas was excited, as were all of his classmates. Those in the front row held up large letters,one by one, to 7 out the ti

53、tle of the song. As the class would sing “C is for Christmas ” , a child wouldhold up the letter C. Then，“ H is forHappy” , and on and on 8 all the childrenpresented the complete message“ Christmas Love ” .The show was going smoothly, un til sudde nly, a small, quiet girl in the front row held the l

54、etter“ M upside down totally not knowing her letter“ M” appearedas a “W . The audienee （观众）laughed at this little girl s 9 . But she hadno idea why they were laughing at her, so she stood tall ,10 holding her “W .The laughter continued until the last letter was raised, and we all saw it together. A

55、sudde n 11 came overthe audie nee and eyes bega n to wide n. At that mome nt, we un derstood why we were there and whywe12 the holiday.For when the last letter was held high, the message read loud and clear: “CHRIST WAS LOVE.121. A. familyB. loveC. ChristmasD. school132. A. freshB. excit ingC. succe

56、ssfulD. golde n3. A. missB. wasteC. forgetD.change4. A. officersB. childre nC. teachersD. pare nts5. A. morningB.noonC. after noonD. evening6. A. enjoyB. expectC. findD. have7. A. spellB. pickC. checkD. carry8. A. sinceB. beforeC. un tilD. whe n9. A. letterB. mistakeC. appeara neeD. gesture10. A. po

57、litelyB. hon estlyC. quietlyD. proudly11. A. cryB.angerC. sile neeD. sadness12. A. celebratedB. rememberedC. inven tedD. recorded匿園 1 5 CBADA 610 BACBD 11 12 CAB 组Passage 1体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文周围的人41912 分钟（2016 燕山期末） Whenl was twelve years old, I went with my dad to his workacar showroom. I was walking 1 ca

58、relessly and saw a poor womanwith a child beside her sta ndingoutside the showroom. I saw that she was crying and went in side to tell my father. He went out andasked the woma n to come into the2. He offered hersome water and the n asked her what was wrong.The woman said that her 3 had died and she

59、didn t have anyone else in her family who couldhelp her. She did some manual（体力的） labor to earn some moneyto take care of her daughter but the child was4 for the last three days andshe was unable to go to work. Now she didn t have a grain of food to eat. While she was telling thisstory to my father,

60、 she was unable to control her emotions（情绪）and started 5 aga in. My father and I were deeply moved by her story.Wegot some food for her and her child. My father then took them to the nearest 6_ for her child tobe treated as she did not seem to be very well. On the way, we 7 her a 5kg-bag of wheat fr