常用临床医学英文术语

1、常用临床医学英文术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病/krnik / communicable diseases 传染病/ kmju:nkbl / complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病/kndentl/ acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病/ knteids / endemic diseases 地方病/endemk /epidemic diseases

2、流行病/epidemik / functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病/infeks / inherited diseases 遗传病/nhertd /malignant diseases恶性病/ mlinnt /nutritional diseases 营养病/nju:trnl /occupation diseases 职业病/kjupein /organic diseases 器质性病/:nik /paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病/prksizml / periodical diseases 周期病/piridik

3、l /primary(principaldiseases原发(主导病/prinspl / secondary diseases 继发病sexual(venereal, socialdiseases 性病/viniril / terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病clinical manifestation 临床表现/mnfesten / delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学/i:tildi/family history 家族史medical history 病史precipitating(induced诱因/prisipi

4、teiti /marital status婚姻状况/mritl /menstrual history 月经史/menstru:l /menarche 初潮/min:ki /menopause闭经、女性更年期/menp:z/past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制/pdenisis /personal history 个人史symptoms 症状/simptm /cardinal symptom 主要症状/k:dinl /classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状/ knkmtnt /constitutional(syst

5、emic symptom 全身症状/knsttu:nl / indirect symptom 间接症状/simptm /induced symptom 诱发症状/ i ndjust /local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状/mentl /symptom-complex (syndromesymptom 综合症症候群sindrum signs体征antecedent 前驱征/ntsi:dnt /assident (accessory 副征/sidnt /commemorative 后遗症/ kmemrtv /sign of death 死征diagnostic诊

6、断征/dainstik/sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征,主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征/vaitl /body length (height of the body 身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质/ kkeksi /compulsive position 被动(强迫体位/ kmplsv / critical facies 病危面容/feiii:z /emaciation 消瘦/meen /enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻/entrupin /ex

7、ophthalmos 眼球突出/eksflms /flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss in weight 增加(减轻体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸/ l:dusis /nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动/nezl ,eil / nystagmus 眼震/nistms /obesity 肥胖/bi:sti: /pallor 苍白/pl /scoliosis 脊柱侧凸/skliusis /agitation 焦急不安/dten /debility, weakness 虚弱/ dblti: /diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗/daifri:si

8、s / dizziness, vertigo 眩晕/dzns ,v:tg/ lassitude, fatigue 无力,倦怠/lstu:d , fti:/ malaise 不适/mlez/night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木/nmns/rigor, chill 寒冷,发冷/rg /perspiration, sweating 出汗/p:spren / pruritus, itching 瘙痒症,/ pruraits / somasthenia 躯体无力/sumsi:ni/tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿/bses /acidosis 酸中毒/sidusis /adhe

9、sion 粘连/dhi:n /alkalosis 碱中毒/lklusis /allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良/ kujulein /congestion 充血/ kndestn /dehydration 脱水/di:hadren /distention 膨胀/distenn /edema 水肿/i(:di:m /embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成/emblizm /fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱/lektrlat / gangrene 坏疽/ggri:n /hematoma 血肿/hi:mtum /hemorrhag

10、e, bleeding 出血/hemrd /infarction 梗塞,梗死/inf:kn /infection 传染inflammation 炎症/nflmen / ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒/ki:tusidusis / metastasis 转移/ mtstsis / perforation 穿孔/p:fren /necrosis 坏死/nekrusis /shock 休克response 反应,应答reaction 反应,感应thrombosis 血栓形成/rmbusis/ ulceration 溃疡/lsrein /fever, pyrexia 发烧,发热/,paireksi

11、 / continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热/ntmitnt / low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热/ rmtnt /relapsing fever 回归热,复发burning pain 灼痛chest(flank, pain 胸(侧腹痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛/difju:zd /pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛/pluritik/radiating pain (pain radiating to 放射性痛(放射到疼痛angina 绞

12、痛/ndain /cardiac angina 心绞痛/kdik /backache 背痛colic 绞痛,急腹痛earache 耳痛/ireik /headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛/ njurld /migraine 偏头痛/magren /rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰/spju:tm/cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰/ekspektrein /expectoration of

13、 blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧/himptisis ,nksi / apnea 呼吸暂停,窒息/pni: /asthma 气喘,哮喘/sm /Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难/dispni: /hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸,换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全,呼吸浅表/ happni: / hypoxia 低氧,缺氧/haipksi /orthopnea 端坐呼吸/:pnj /respiratory arrest 呼吸停止/resprt:ri: / suffoca

14、tion 窒息/sfkein /tachypnea 呼吸急促/tkipni: /fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齐/rimi / atelectasis 肺不张,肺膨胀不全/tilektsis / cardiac arrest 心搏骤停/kdik /cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大/haip:trfi / cyanosis 发绀,青紫/sainusis /distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张/djul / extrasystole 期外收缩/ekstrsistli /gall

15、op rhythm 奔马律/lp ,rim /hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia (循环血容量减少/ haipuvli:mi /palpitation 心悸/plpitei(n /tachycardia 心动过速/tkik:di /pneumothorax 气胸/nju:mu:rks /thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of

16、 appetite 食欲不振,厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难/disfeidi /eructation 嗳气/ i:rktein /flatulence 气胀/fltlns /flatus 肠胃气,屁/fleits /gaseous distention 胃胀气/sis /hematemesis 呕血/ hi:mtemisis /hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆nausea 恶心/ nzi /pyrosis 胃灼热/pairusis /regurgitation 反胃,回流/ri:ditein /thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack i

17、n the anal canal 肛裂/einl / ascites 腹水/satiz /board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱/tktl /exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘,瘘管/fistjul /hemorrhoid 痔/hemrd /hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大/heptumeli /intussusception 肠套叠/ intssepn /jaundice 黄疸/dnds /muscle guarding, defence

18、 of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动/peristlsis /loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde (reversed peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂/prulps /prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂,脱肛/rekt(l /volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石/klkjls /biliary calculus 胆结石/biljri /vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation

19、便秘/vesikl / defecation 排便/defikein /diarrhea 腹泻/ dari: /incontinence of feces 大便失禁/fi:si:z / hematochezia 便血/hemtki:zi /fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting

20、呕粪,吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便,脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难,尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿/ enjuri:sis / frequency of urination 尿频/jurinein / micturiation排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿/ nktjuri /o

21、liguria 少尿/lijuri /polyuria 多尿/plijuri /tenesmus 里急后重/ tnezms /vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭,无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经men

22、orrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经,月经过多menstruation 月经/menstru:en /uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点/ju:train / bruise 挫伤,青肿acne 痤疮,粉刺desquamation 脱皮,脱屑/deskwmein / ecchymosis 瘀斑/ekimusis /loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈/t: / nevus 痣/ ni:vs /papule 丘疹/ ppjul /petechia 瘀点,瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purp

23、ura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹/:tkri /vesicle 小水疱/vesikl /vitiligo 白斑/vitilaiu /blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光,羞明retinal detachment

24、视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣/tinaits /epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹,感冒疮Kopliks spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, droolin

25、g 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形,变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed (simplefracture 无创骨折,单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开(开放性骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany (肌强直,手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调co

26、ma 昏迷consciousness 知觉,意识/knsns / convulsion 抽搐,惊厥/ knvln /delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高/intrkreinil / insanity 精神错乱/nsnt /loss of orientation 定向丧失/:rientein /mania 躁狂/meni /memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损,遗忘症/mni / paraplegia 截瘫,下身麻痹projectile vom

27、iting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy 昏睡,嗜睡stupor 木僵,昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, crisis脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒危象failure 衰竭,故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory fail

28、ure中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊/sklten /inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊/ pkn /laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal (vaginal touch 直肠(阴道指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation (latent period 潜伏期/nkjben / prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期/nspint /quiescent stage 静止期/kwisnt /alleviation 减轻,缓和