人教选修八词汇学习

1、B8-U1 词汇学习1. distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著make/ draw a distinction between A and B 对加以区分without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地with distinction以优异的成绩,以杰出的表现 gain/obtain/win distinction 出名There is a fine distinction between the two words.这两个字之间有细微区别。We should make a distinction between right and wrong. 我们应该分清是

2、非。We must make a distinction between freedom and license.我们必须把自由和放纵区分开来。Michael graduated with distinction from the university.迈克尔以优异的成绩从大学毕业了。 He passed the examination with distinction. 他以优异成绩通过考试。Employers should hire men and women without distinction. 雇主用人应不分男女。distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的be d

3、istinct in .from . 在某方面与不同Mozart's style is quite distinct from Haydn's. 莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同。There was a distinct sense of embarrassment in the air. 周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安的感觉。She is trying to remain calm, but there is a distinct edge to her voice. 她竭力想保持冷静，但她的声音中却显然带着怒气。2. live on 继续活着,继

4、续存在； 住在上； 以为食1. She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死后她继续活了多年。2. These traditions will live on for centuries. 这些传统将世代相传. 3. The composer's works will always live on. 这位作曲家的作品将永远留在人间. 4. The people find it hard to live on. 民不聊生. 5. Most mammals live on land. 大多数哺乳动物生活在陆地上. 6. Mo

5、st of Asians live on rice. 多数亚洲人以大米为主食. 7. The lonely old man lives on charity. 8. Mozart is dead but his music lives on. 短语归纳 live短语：live on sth 以某物为食,靠某种经济来源生活live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生live for sth 以某事物为生活目标live through sth 经历某事物而幸存live together 在一起生活；同居live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准live with s

6、th 接受或容忍某现象 live to be. = live to the age of. 活到岁live a. life 过着的生活 3. means n手段；方法 (单复数同形)Every possible means has been tried，but none worked.All possible means have been tried，but none worked.各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。by this means 通过这种方式by means of 用办法；借助by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by every means 用尽一切可能的

7、办法by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）by any mean 无论如何As is known to us，telephone is a useful means of communication.众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。In many places in China，the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation.在中国的许多地方，自行车仍然是一种受欢迎的交通工具。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollutio

8、n，but the sky is still not very clear.为防止空气污染，每种可能的方法都已用过了，但天空仍然不清澈。(1)by means of 借用，依靠We express our feelings by means of words.我们用语言来表达感情。The actress rose to fame overnight by means of her perfect performance in the film. (2)by no meansnot at all一点也不By no means am I satisfied with my present job.

9、我对目前的工作一点也不满意。This is by no means a good way to solve the problem.这绝非解决问题的良计。(3)by this means通过这种方式You can do it by this means.你可以用这种办法去做。 (4)by all means 可以，当然行，务必May I use your bicycle?By all means！我可以用你的自行车吗？当然可以！1But by no means _ with my progress.Athe teacher is not satisfiedBis the teacher not

10、 satisfiedCthe teacher is satisfiedDis the teacher satisfied2The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house _ a ladder.Aby the means Bby all meansCby ways of Dby means of3She couldnt speak，but made her wishes known _ sign.Aby means of Bby any meansCby all means D

11、by no meansDo you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child?Yes，_.Athats all right Bby all meansCit just depends Dnever mind4. in additionadv. 另外； 除此之外； 并且； 况且 In addition, 相当于副词。位于两个句子中间，放在从句的句首，后面接完整的句子。This garden has the best collection of native plants. In addition, it contains

12、numerous trees and flowers from overseas. 这座花园有当地植物的最佳珍藏。另外，它还有无数来自海外的花草树木。 许多词可以和它替换，如：additionally，furthermore，besides。 In addition位于句末，相当于 “as well” Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies in addition.玛丽舅母为我们去郊游准备了三明治，另外还准备了一袋甜饼。When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and , in

13、addition, broke her glasses. 黛安妮摔倒时, 摔伤了胳臂, 还摔坏了眼镜. You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间，此外你还需要努力。 In addition to整个词组相当于一个介词，所以to的后面要接名词性成分做宾语。 In addition to native plants, this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas. 除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。In ad

14、dition to the killed and wounded, many were missing. 除了伤亡之外，还有许多人失踪。 In China, both late marriages and late childbirth are advocated, in addition to fewer and better births. 在中国, 晚婚晚育和少生优生均受到提倡鼓励. 5. majority n大多数；大半major adj.&n. 较大的，主要的；主修，专攻 (反义词minority少数；少数民族) be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数

15、have a majority over sb 获得超过对方的票数A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。Obama had a majority over Mitt Romney and won the election.奥巴马得票多于米特罗姆尼，获得大选的胜利。The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get.大多数学生认为

16、靠他们挣得钱生活很难。The majority of students were in favour of the suggestion that they go out for a picnic the next day.He won the seat with a majority of 71 votes.他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。(1)单独用做主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。The majority were/was against the plan.大多数人反对这

17、个计划。(2)单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students.昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次的损失大部分容易补救。In the nursing profession，women are in a /the majority.女性在护理行业中占大多数。1Dont worry about the present situation in the world；_of people

18、 prefer peace to war.Athe most Bthe great partCthe majority Dthe number2. Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are _(占大多数)in a/the majority6. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉3. We should keep up our good traditions.我们应该沿袭我们的优良传统。4). We should try to keep up (沿袭) ou

19、r old customs.7. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等come to life变得更有趣；变得活跃live/lead a.life过着生活come back to life苏醒过来，恢复生机bring.back to life使苏醒过来make/start a new life开始新生活make a living by 靠谋生Some people from the country find it hard to make a life in big cities.一些来自农村的人发现很难习惯大城市的生活。They moved out West to make a

20、new life there.他们迁往西部去开始新生活。The young men in the rural areas have to leave for big cities to make a life. The old couple made a living by selling vegetables.这对老夫妇靠卖菜维持生活。5Soldiers who fought all the way to the faraway places couldnt come back，and they had to _a life on the foreign lands.Amake Bcome

21、Cbring Dlaydespite prep.尽管；不管 n.憎恨；轻视Despite old age, she is still learning to drive. 尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。 Despite all our efforts we still lost the game. 尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。 Despite the drought，we expect a good crop尽管天旱，丰收依然在望。She ignored all despites and carried on with her dreams. 她不在乎别人的轻视,继续追逐自己的梦想。

22、In spite of the bad weather, we went fishing.我们不顾恶劣的天气而去钓鱼。In spite of our advice, he married above himself.他不顾我们的劝告，同比自己地位高的人结了婚。 Despite用作介词时，与 in spite of同义，都表示“尽管”、“虽然”、“不顾”之意，但程度有所不同。一般说来，in spite of的语气较强，使用范围也较广； despite的语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。Despite 与(al)though都有“尽管”的意思，despite是介词，后接名词或代词；而althou

23、gh=though是连词，后接表示让步的状语从句。例如：I think he is sad, despite his smiles. 尽管他在微笑，我认为他很悲伤。 We went for a walk although/though it was raining. 尽管下雨，我们还是去散步了。Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning.虽然他们打得很勇敢，但还是没有机会获胜。establish vt.建立，创建；确立或使安全；使被安排好；使成为; 查实，证实；The School was e

24、stablished in 1989 by an Italian professor.这所学院由一名意大利教授于1989年创建。We had already established contact with the museum.我们已经和那家博物馆建立了联系。establish a leadership position 确立领导地位establish a good way of life创立优秀的生活方式establish a small working group 成立小型工作组Medical tests established that she was not their own ch

25、ild.医学化验证实她不是他们的亲骨肉。It will be essential to establish how the money is being spent.查清楚这笔钱将作何用途至关重要。8. occur vi. A. 存在B. 发生C. 被想到(1)Earthquakes occur frequently in this area. (2)It didn't occur to him that she would refuse his invitation. (3)Do giraffes occur in Africa only?sth. occurs to sb. 某人想

26、起某事It occurs to sb. that 某人想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事表示“某人突然想起”的其他句型：sth. strikes sb. It strikes sb. thatIt crosses sb.'s mind that sth. comes to sb.I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。Just then an idea occurred to me.

27、就在那时，我想起了一个主意。It occurred to her that she might adopt the homeless child.她突然想她可能会收养那个无家可归的孩子。It didnt occur to her to ask for help.她没想到请别人帮忙。 Then a practical idea hit/struck/occurred to her!那时他突然想到一个切合实际的主意！It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.我一下子明白我们如何改善局面了。It suddenly occurre

28、d to me that we could use a computer to do the job.我突然想到我们可以用计算机来做这项工作。Why are you so late?I was in half the way when it _ to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.Aoccurred BhitChappened DremindedIt suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own d

29、aughter. A. happened B. occurred C. thought D. took placeAn accident did, however, _ at the street corner last night.A. occur B. take place C. happened D. broke out9. indicatevt. 指出, 指明，表明；象征；指示, 显示, 暗示，预示；1. I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。2. Th

30、e clouds indicate the coming of rain.云彩预示着即将下雨了。3. His hesitation indicates unwillingness. 他的犹豫表明不愿意。4. Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究显示男人觉得比女人更容易戒烟。5A high fever indicates (表明) that a persons body is fighting disease. indication n. 指出/示；表明/示；迹象indicative

31、 adj.指示的；暗示的 indicate sth. (to sb.)向（某人）表示某事；把指给（某人）看indicate that .表示；示意Advices from abroad indicate that war is about to begin.来自国外的消息表明战争即将开始。There is every indication (表明) of a change in the weather.Every indication shows market gets near bottom now. 所有迹象表明，目前市场价格已跌落低谷。Did he give you any i

32、ndication of his feelings? 他向你表示过他的感情吗？ The bell rang, _ that class was over.A. to indicate B. indicating C. indicated D. having indicating10. apparent adj. A. 显然的B. 表面上的apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地同义词：obvious (1)The apparent truth was really a lie. (2)It is apparent that iron is different from steel.

33、(3)It is apparent (显然的) from scientific studies that the drug produces severe side effects.Her apparent indifference made him even more nervous. 她表面上若无其事反而使他更加紧张。It is apparent that 显然It is apparent from sth that 从某事物上明显看出It is apparent to sb that 某人明白.It was apparent that he was in no conditio

34、n to travel.他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。It was apparent to all that he was guilty. 众所周知，他是有罪的。 As is apparently shown/ stated in the picture/ chart/ passage above正如上面的图画/图表/上文明显展示/陈述It was apparent from his words that he was unsatisfied with the result.从他的语言中明显地看出他对这个结果不满意。() It was _ from her face that she was re

35、ally upset. Better leave her alone. A. racial B. abundantC. flexible D. apparent11. Slip v.滑倒；滑脱；疏忽；溜走 n.疏忽；滑倒；溜走；失误 slippery adj. 滑溜的 1) Our neighbour nearly had a slip on the waxed floor. 我们的邻居差一点在打蜡的地板上滑倒了。2) She slipped into the room when no one was looking. 她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。3) The old man slipped

36、 (滑倒) on the icy road and broke his leg.4) I was unlucky to slip on a banana skin and fall over. 我真倒霉，踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了。 5) I saw the boy slip away through the door. 我看见那个男孩溜出门去。let slip. 错过；无意中说出 let sth. slip through your fingers错过(机会)，失去(机会)a slip of the tongue 口误She let slip some remarks about my d

37、aughter. 她无意中说出了一些有关我女儿的话。She will never let slip a chance to study abroad. 她绝不会错过出国学习的机会。She let the chance slip through her fingers.她坐失良机。Be sure not to let the truth slip.千万别把真相泄漏出去。Better to slip with the foot than with the tongue.宁可失脚滑倒，不可随口失言。1). She _ _ (无意中说出) that she was intendin

38、g to leave the company.2). As the years _ by, I thought more and more about him. 3). Drive very carefully; the roads are wet and _ (slip). Keys: 1). let slip 2). slipped 3). slippery 12.team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。He

39、teamed up with (与某人一起工作) his brother in the doubles. It's a pleasure to team up with such excellent workers. 和这样出色的工人一起干活真愉快. He preferred to go into business alone rather than to team up with anyone else. 他情愿独自经商,而不愿与人合伙. 13. mark out 划线; 标出界线1. Please mark out the mistakes I made in my composi

40、tion.2. Please mark out the sentences that you don t understand with a red pen. 请用红笔标出你不懂的句子。3) Mark out the field carefully. 仔细地标出界限. 4). She carefully marked out (划线标出) the important phrases and sentence patterns.5) They marked out the tennis court with white paint.他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。 6) Some of the b

41、est pupils have been marked out for special training.已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事mark down 写下，记下；降低的价格mark up 标出；提高的价格mark in 加画；绘入mark out for 看中；选定14. take in(1)包括；包含The tour takes in six European capitals.这次旅游包括六个欧洲国家的首都。This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everythin

42、g in.这是假期的全部费用，一切都包括在内。(2)允许某人寄宿家中She was homeless so we took her in.她无家可归，我们就收留了她。(3)欺骗(愚弄)某人She took me in completely with her story.她用谎话把我完全蒙蔽了。Don't let yourself be taken in by his tricks. (4)吸收，吸入(空气，水等)Take in a deep breath深吸一口气Fish take in oxygen through their gills. (5)理解,领会(吸收)所见所闻I hop

43、e youre taking in what Im saying.我希望你能理解我说的话。The students find it easy to take in what you teach.学生们觉得你教的课容易领会。6 Dont be _by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.Ataken off Btaken outCtaken away Dtaken in【解析】根据句意“不要被那些许诺能让你快速减肥的产品所欺骗”。15. a great/good many许多；很多(修饰可数名词)Ive known her for

44、 a great many years.我认识她好多年了。Tom found that there were a great/good many people already there.汤姆发现那儿已经有很多人了。It seems that a great /good many of them are out of work now.似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。A great many of the flowers were white.那些花多数是白色的。a good/great many后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those

45、/the/ones等，然后再加名词复数。A good many of the/those students in our class have passed the exam.我们班中有很多学生通过了考试。A great many of us dont like speaking English in class. 我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。6_the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.AA great manyBThe number ofCA great many of DA great deal of16. apply for申

46、请，请求1. apply for. 申请 apply tofor向.申请 You cant apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions.在符合一定的条件之后你才能申请这份工作。She applied for a job as an English teacher.她应聘英语教师的工作。You should apply for the job immediately, in person or by letter. We had to apply to the government for financial hel

47、p.我们只好向政府申请财务援助。Many applicants applied for the well­paid job, but none of them were accepted by the company.2. apply to. 适用（合） applyto 把运用到What you said doesnt apply to me.你所说的并不适合我。You cant apply this rule to every case.这个规则并不能适用于所有的状况。The questions in the second half of the form apply to mar

48、ried men only.该表的下部分问题仅适用于已婚男性。3.apply oneself to (doing) sth.专注于；专心做某事He applied himself to learning English.他专心学英语。I wish Sam would apply himself a little more to his schoolwork.真希望萨姆能再专注于学业。1. Due to the fact that he failed to adapt himself to the present job，he_ _(申请另一个工作)applied for another one

49、2. To travel to the United States，you must first apply _ the American Embassy _ your visa.Afor；to Bto；forCfor；for Dto；toapplicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请(书)；应用；用途 apply v. 申请；运用，适用1). We had 250 applicants for the job. 有250人申请这份工作。2). As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job. 因为

50、工资低, 没有什么人申请这份工作。fill in the application form for sth. 填写申请表Some of the children seem unable to apply what they have learned.有些孩子似乎不会应用他们所学的知识。8. insert vt.插入，嵌入He inserted a key into a lock. 他把钥匙插进锁中。insert sth (in/into/between sth) 插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间填入适当的介词。1). She inserted an additional paragraph

51、 _ an essay.2). Insert your fingers _ the layers and press them apart. Keys: 1). in 2). between it is likely thatHowever，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能美洲土著人至少一万五千年前就生活在加利福尼亚。本句式中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。It is likely that.是可能的，此句型可转化

52、为：sb./sth.be likely to do.某人/物可能干某事。Shes very likely to ring me tonight.Its likely that she will ring me tonight.她今晚很可能给我打电话。It is likely/that the weather will be fine.The weather is likely to be fine.天气可能会很晴朗。1It is very _that，in many schools，the students are going to spend less time in doing homew

53、ork than they used to.Apossibly BprobablyClovely Dlikely2. Since he was 67，it didnt seem _that he would continue long in that position.Aimpossible BnecessaryCparticular Dlikely(1)Thats why.这就是为什么(why从句表示结果)(2)Thats because.这是因为(because从句表示原因)(3)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because ）Tom came late for the meeting. That was because he was ill.汤姆开会迟到