经济金融术语汉英对照表(续表二)

1、经济金融术语汉英对照表（续表二）所有者权益owners equityT逃税（请见“避税”）tax evasion套汇（1）指合法：currency swap;arbitrage（2）指非法：illegal purchase of foreign exchange剔除季节性因素seasonally adjusted调节流动性to influence liquidity level贴现窗口discount window同比on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year同业拆借（放）inter-bank borrowin

2、g（lending）同业拆借市场利率（中国）CHIBOR（China inter-bank offered rate）同业融通票据inter-bank financing bills同业往来inter-bank transactions透支overdraft退税tax refund（rebate）头寸position吞吐基础货币adjustment of monetary base脱媒现象disintermediationW外部审计external audit外国直接投资foreign direct investment （FDI）外汇储备foreign exchange reserves外汇

3、调剂foreign exchange swap外汇占款the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings外向型经济export-oriented economy外债external debt外资企业foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度to improve the modern enterprise system完税凭证tax payment documentation违法经营illegal business

4、委托存款entrusted deposits稳步增长steady growth稳健的银行系统a sound banking system稳中求进to make progress while ensuring stability无纸交易book-entry（or paperless/scriptless）transaction物价监测price monitoringX吸纳流动性to absorb liquidity稀缺经济scarcity economy洗钱money laundering系统内调度fund allocation within a bank系统性金融危机systemic fina

5、ncial crisis下岗工人laid-off employees下游企业down-stream enterprises现场稽核on-site examination现金滞留（居民手中）cash held outside the banking system乡镇企业township and village enterprises（TVEs）消费物价指数consumer price index（CPI）消费税excise（consumption）tax消灭财政赤字to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit销货款回笼reflow of co

6、rporate sales income to the banking system销售平淡lackluster sales协议外资金额committed amount of foreign investment新经济增长点new sources of economic growth新开工项目new projects;newly started projects新增贷款incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion新增就业位置new jobs;new job opportunities信贷规模考核revie

7、w the compliance with credit ceilings信号失真distorted signals信托投资公司trust and investment companies信息不对称information asymmetry信息反馈feedback（information）信息共享系统information sharing system信息披露information disclosure信用扩张credir expansion信用评级credit rating姓“资”还是姓“社”pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist or

8、captialist行政措施administrative measures需求膨胀demand expansion; excessive demand虚伪存款window-dressing deposits削减冗员to shed excess labor force寻租rent seeking迅速反弹quick reboundY养老基金pension fund一刀切universal application;non-discretionary implementation一级市场primary market应收未收利息overdue interest银行网点banking outlets赢利能

9、力profitability营业税business tax硬贷款（商业贷款）commercial loans用地审批to grant land use right有管理的浮动汇率managed floating exchange rate证券投资portfolio investment游资（热钱）hot money有市场的产品marketable products有效供给effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张trigger a new round of economic expansion逾期贷款overdue loans;past-due loans与国际惯例接轨to becom

10、e compatible with internationally accepted与国际市场接轨to integrate with the world market预算外支出（收入）off-budget （extra-budgetary） expenditure（revenue）预调pre-emptive adjustment月环比on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basisZ再贷款central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸reserve position in international financial institut

11、ions在人行存款deposits at （with） the central bank在途资金fund in float增加农业投入to increase investment in agriculture增势减缓deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum增收节支措施revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures增长平稳steady growth增值税value-added tax（VAT）涨幅偏高higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessi

12、ve growth账外账concealed accounts折旧depreciation整顿retrenchment;consolidation政策工具policy instrument政策性业务policy-related operations政策性银行policy banks政策组合policy mix政府干预government intervention证券交易清算settlement of securities transactions证券业务占款funding of securities purchase支付困难payment difficulty支付能力payment capaci

13、ty直接调控方式向to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments间接调控方式转变职能转换transformation of functions职业道德professional ethics指令性措施mandatory measures指令性计划mandatory plan;administered plan制定和实施货币政策to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy滞后影响lagged effect中介机构intermediaries中

14、央与地方财政delineation of fiscal responsibilities分灶吃饭重点建设key construction projects;key investment project周期谷底bottom（trough）of business cycle周转速度velocity主办银行main bank主权风险sovereign risk注册资本registered capital逐步到位to phase in;phased implementation逐步取消to phase out抓大放小to seize the big and free the small（to main

15、tain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition）专款专用use of funds as ear-marked转贷on-lending转轨经济transition economy转机turnaround转折关头turning point准财政赤字quasi-fiscal deficit准货币quasi-money资本不足under-capitalized资本充足率capital adequacy ratio资本利润率return on c

16、apital资本账户可兑换capital account convertibility资不抵债insolvent;insolvency资产负债表balance sheet资产负债率liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets资产集中asset concentration资产贡献率asset contribution factor资产利润率return on assets （ROA）资产质量asset quality资产组合asset portfolio资金成本cost of funding;cost of capital;financ

17、ing cost资金到位fully funded （project）资金宽裕to have sufficient funds资金利用率fund utilization rate资金缺口financing gap资金体外循环financial disintermediation资金占压funds tied up自筹投资项目self-financed projects自有资金equity fund综合国力overall national strength（often measured by GDP）综合效益指标overall efficiency indicator综合治理comprehensive adjustmen（retrenchment）;over-haul总成交额total contract value总交易量total amount of transactions总成本total cost所有者权益owners equityT逃