现在完成时态

1、现在完成时态1. 用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果例： Yesterday I finished my homework, that' haVe Shnishedmyhomework now. 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续例: I have lived here si nee 1990.2. 现在完成时的构成havehas+过去分词3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句 He has finishedthe work.一般疑问句Has hefinished the work?否定句 He has not finishedthe work. No,

2、he hasn' . t特殊疑问句 What has he done?4.在下列情形下用现在完成时1九词语 already已经肯定句中或句尾found my pen already. yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾两回答Yes ,he has例：I have already found my pen. = I haveever曾经句中例:n ever从不句中just刚刚句中例:before以前句尾例: so far到目前为止 how long多久 how many times多少次2两词组have<has>g one to去了某地 have<has>bee n t

3、o去过某地例: I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computeryet?Have you ever see n pan das? 例: I have never been to Beijing.I have just done my work.I have n ever bee n therdoefore例So far he has learnt 200 words.例: How long have you lived here? 例: How many timeshas he been to Beijing?例：He h

4、as gone toBeijing（去了北京）例: He has been toBeijing.for two mon thsfor + 一段时间Jim has lived herefor 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has bee n in Beiji ng since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosi nee 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句 子He has been in Chinas ince he came here.（去过北京）3两结构4如果句子里面没有时间状语，

5、汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成 时态。例：Have you lost your library book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the last few years在过去的几年，他们已 经种了很多树。This is the best book I have ever read这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time I have played the computer games.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏5. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状

6、语连用例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用,改正的办法有 五种： He has bought the book.（去掉一段时间 for 3 years） He bought the book 3 years ago（改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变） It ' s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型It is -s in ce-） He has

7、 not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years.（用延续性动词 have代替 buy）6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种 改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下： come/arrive/get to/reach be here例: I have comehere for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been herefor 3 years. leave/go be away改为：He has been awayfor 3例：He has lef

8、t for 3 hours.（错） over for 3 dayshours. beg in /start be on例: The film has begunfor 3 minutes.（错） been onfor 3 minu tes. ope n be ope n / close be closed例: The shop has openedfor 3 years.错） for 3 years. die be dead例: His father has died for 3 years.错）for 3 years. fini sh/e nd be over例: He has finish

9、edthe work for 3 days.（错）改为：The film has改为：The shop has been open改为：His father has been dead改为：The work has been join例: I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been in the armyfor 3 years.或 I have been a soldier for 3 years. buy /catch have例: I have boughtthe bike for 3 years.（错）改为：I have ha

10、d thebike for 3 years.例: He has caughta cold for 3 days.（错）改为：He has had a cold for3 days. borrow keep例: I have borrowed the book for 3 years.（错）改为：1 have keptthe book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break be broke nget up be upmarry be marriedbecome belose belost7. 延续性动词和终止性动词 延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产

11、生持久的影响。如: leann work sta nd lie know walk keep have wait watch si ng read sleep live 终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延 续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如: leave start set out arrive reach get to beg in stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefi nish end complete

12、 become come go die ope n close break give jump buy borrow8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。He has died for three days.(错，终止性动词 die不能和一段时间 for three days 连用)1. 过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态， 常用于宾语从句例: John said that hewould comethe next day if he was free.(构成: would+ 动词原形)Joh n said that hewas going to plan tre

13、es.(构成： was/were going to+ 动词原形)2. 过去完成时：由|had+ |过去分词|构成。用法有二：过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的 过去例：When we got to the station, the trainhad left.当我到车站的时候，火车已 经离开了。By the end of last week, hehad learnt 1000 words.到上个星期尾为止， 他已经学了 1000个单词。过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态例: He said that hehad made a few frie

14、 nds since he came to China.他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个 朋友。用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Thanks a lot. It ' s sunny aga in .It(rain) for a long time.2. Mr. Li(live) here since 8 years old?3. Since Mr. Li came here, he(teach) in this school.4. It ' s the third time that I(see) him this mon th.5. Is your mother at home

15、?No, she(go) to work.6. Her mother(become)a doctor in 1970. She(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.7. He(teach) En glish here since we(see)him 5 years ago.8. How many timesyou(be) to Beiji ng?On ly on ce. I(go) there two years ago.9. I ' ve lost my cat.you ever(see) itany where?10. My pare

16、nts are not at home. They(leave) for Shanghai.11. Wait here, please. The train(not arrive) yet.12. Where is my dictio nary?Li Pi ng(take) it away.13. I(lose) my pen, and I(look)for it now.14. I(not see) such a strange thing before.15. He joined the Party in 1990. He(be) a party member for 10years.16

17、. How longUncle Wang(work) in thisfactory?Si nee 1995.17. So far the children(learn) 1,000 English words.18. you(mend) your bike?Yes. Imen ded it a mome nt ago.19. I ' ll tell him the news that our class(win) already.20. She(stay) here for over 5 years.21. The box is empty. Who(eat) all the cake

18、s?22. He has found his bike .Whenhe(find) it?23. Her sister(go) to Shanghai. She(leave)this morni ng.24. My friend Wang Hai often(swim) in the river.25. The teacher(reach) Beijing two days ago.每处划线中有错误,1. Jim has bought the book for just 3 days.2. Uncle Wang has died for 3 years.3. I have gone to Beijing three times.4. Jim isn ' t here. He been to Beijing. He went there this morning.5. She has liv