商务合同翻译技巧

1、 Business Contracts 商务合同商务合同 主讲：主讲： 洪明洪明例如：修改 amendments to or alterations of ； 效力 force and effect ；履行 fulfill or perform；提供furnish and provide ； 解释 interpretation or construction ； 达成 make and enter into ； 无效 null and void；I、同义词、近义词等连用。、同义词、近义词等连用。在商务合同中，经常用同义词，间用and 或or 连接。此种用词意在强调说明合同内容、严格区分条款项目

2、，在避免因歧义而发生纠纷。 依照本协议的条款规定on the terms and subject to the conditions 由双方 by and between 秘密secret and confidential； 可转让transferable or assignable； II、复合词多使用带有、复合词多使用带有here，there，where等前缀等前缀 在合同中使用这类复合词可避免重复，做在合同中使用这类复合词可避免重复，做到简洁、严密，同时反映出合同应有的正到简洁、严密，同时反映出合同应有的正式规范性。举例说明如下式规范性。举例说明如下: 这类复合词中的这类复合词中的“he

3、re”应理解为应理解为“this”,“ there”应理解为应理解为“that”,“ where”应理解为应理解为“which”。 hereof = of thishereof = of this在本文中在本文中，herewith = withthis herewith = withthis 关关于于此点；此点； hereafter = after this time; in the future hereafter = after this time; in the future 自此以后，自此以后，将来将来；hereby = by means of this hereby = by mea

4、ns of this 以此方式；以此方式；herein = in this placeherein = in this place于此于此处处；hereinafter = below hereinafter = below or in this document or in this document 在下文；在下文；hereto = to this hereto = to this 由是，由是，由此；由此；hereby(特此，兹特此，兹)，hereinafter(在下文中在下文中)，thereto(另外，随附另外，随附)，thereof(其中，它的其中，它的)，whereas(鉴鉴于于)，w

5、hereby(凭借凭借)，whereupon(因此，于是因此，于是)。III.多用多用shall代替代替will或或should shall表示法律上需要强制执行的义务，有表示法律上需要强制执行的义务，有“应应该该”、“必须必须”的意思。的意思。“will”在合同中虽也用在合同中虽也用作表示承担义务，但语气比作表示承担义务，但语气比“shall”弱。在合同弱。在合同中中“should”通常只用来表示语气较强的假设通常只用来表示语气较强的假设“万一万一”，这是英语合同用词与基础英语用词的，这是英语合同用词与基础英语用词的不同之处。不同之处。 例如例如:1.This Contract shall

6、become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.“本合同签字生效。本合同签字生效。” 2Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15. 译文：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于译文：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月月25日，你日，你方方须将货物装船。须将货物装船。 3Party A shall pay Party B a month

7、ly salary of US$500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY). 译文：聘方须每月译文：聘方须每月付给付给受聘方美元受聘方美元500元整。元整。IV.选用正规性词语选用正规性词语 商务合同作为正式性的法律文件，用于规定权利义务，表明细节条目，因此用词斟酌，正式、规范，多用正式或法律上的用词。 例如：（例如：（1）At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. “应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技

8、术人员帮助乙方应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。安装设备。”assist 较较 help 正式；正式； （2）The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel. “雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。导。”render 较较 give 正式；正式；V.常见惯用词的公式化使用常见惯用词的公式化使用 1、惯用WHEREAS “鉴于”，多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的，起连词作用。例如： （1）WHEREAS the Employer is desirous th

9、at manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential Complex in Baghdad, Iraq； “鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼；” （2）WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works； “鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力；”VI.一般条款（一般条款（General Terms and Conditions）合合同同有有效效期期（Duration）。 2

10、. 合合同同的的终终止止（Termination）。3. 不不可可抗抗力力（Force Majeure）。 4. 合合同同的的让让与与（Assignment）。5. 仲仲裁裁（Arbitration）。6. 适适用用的的法法律律（Governing Law）。7. 诉诉讼讼管管辖辖（Jurisdiction）。8. 通通知知手手续续（Notice）。 9. 合合同同修修改改（Amendment）。10. 其其他他（Others）。 11、结结尾尾条条款款（Witness Clause） 一一般般包包括括份份数、数、使使用用的的文文字字和和效效力、力、签签名名（Signature）。英语商务合同

11、中常用短语英语商务合同中常用短语 hereinafter referred to as hereinafter referred to as 以下称以下称 whereas whereas 鉴于鉴于 in witness whereof in witness whereof 兹证明兹证明 for and on behalf of for and on behalf of 代表代表 by virtue of by virtue of 因为因为 prior to prior to 在在之前之前 as regards/concerning/relating to as regards/concerni

12、ng/relating to 关于关于 cease to do cease to do 停止做停止做 in effect in effect 事实上事实上 miscellaneous miscellaneous 其他事项其他事项 英语商务合同中常用的术语有：英语商务合同中常用的术语有：Force Majeure(不可抗力不可抗力)，defect（瑕疵），（瑕疵）， jurisdiction（管（管辖），辖），draft at sight（即期汇票），（即期汇票），letter of credit(信用证信用证)，bill of lading（提单），（提单），documents against

13、 acceptance(承兑交单承兑交单)，bill of exchange(汇票汇票)，firm offer（实盘），（实盘），technology transfer（技术转让）等等，这些专（技术转让）等等，这些专业术语语义精炼，表义准确，正式、规范、严谨业术语语义精炼，表义准确，正式、规范、严谨，符合合同正规、严肃的文体特征。，符合合同正规、严肃的文体特征。常用条件句常用条件句 合同为表达可能发生的各种情况、设想，以及相合同为表达可能发生的各种情况、设想，以及相关的处理方法，条款中条件句较多，尤其是在有关的处理方法，条款中条件句较多，尤其是在有关付款、违约责任、不可抗力、财产处理和仲裁关付

14、款、违约责任、不可抗力、财产处理和仲裁等几部分中。这种结构虽然拖沓冗长，但表意精等几部分中。这种结构虽然拖沓冗长，但表意精确，避免了产生歧义的情形。常见表达有：确，避免了产生歧义的情形。常见表达有： in the event that, in case表达表达“如果、假若如果、假若”，should 表达希望某事不太可能发生等。例如表达希望某事不太可能发生等。例如：（：（1）In case the Import License is required, the buyer should settle the problem before placing the order.“若需要进若需要进口许

15、可证，买方应在订货前办妥。口许可证，买方应在订货前办妥。” （2）Should the buyer fail to perform any provision of the contract signed with the seller, the seller is entitled to terminate the wholeor any part of the contract, or postpone the delivery or hold back the goods in transit. “假如买方未能履行与卖方所订立合同的任何条款，卖方有权终止全部或部分合同，或延期交货，或截留

16、运输中货物。”状语转换状语转换 1、状语转换为主语、状语转换为主语 例10：For the purpose of this Contract, the Party B desires to introduce the Patent and engage in production cooperation in accordance with the technical know-how specified in the Patent. 本合同的目的在于乙方希望引进专利，按在于乙方希望引进专利，按专利提供的技术进行合作生产。专利提供的技术进行合作生产。 2 、状语转换为谓语、状语转换为谓语 例9

17、：The conditions for the establishment of the Joint Venture Company and the total amount of investment and registered capital are stipulated in this Contrast.本合同规定了本合同规定了设设立立合资公司的条件以及投资总额与注册资合资公司的条件以及投资总额与注册资本。本。合资经营合同合资经营合同(开头一段开头一段) 编号编号.85-100 按照中华人民共和国法律组成的上海建筑按照中华人民共和国法律组成的上海建筑材料进出口公司，其总公司在中华人民共

18、材料进出口公司，其总公司在中华人民共和国，上海市和国，上海市为第一方（以下简称甲为第一方（以下简称甲方）与受制于美国法律的环球建筑物资供方）与受制于美国法律的环球建筑物资供应公司，其总公司在美国，俄亥俄州，应公司，其总公司在美国，俄亥俄州，为第二方（以下简称乙方）于为第二方（以下简称乙方）于2010年年3月月2日订立合同。日订立合同。 Joint Venture Contract No. 85-100 This Contract is made on the 2nd day of March, 2010 between Shanghai Building Materials Import &

19、Export Corporation organized under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China, having its principal office at Pudong, Shanghai, the Peoples Republic of China (hereinafter called Party A) of the First Part and The Global Construction Supplies Company organized under the laws of the USA, having its pri

20、ncipal office at Ohio, U.S.A.(hereinafter called Party B) of the Second Part. WHEREAS Party A desires to use Party Bs technology and trademark to manufacture and sell Road Marks in China and overseas markets; WHEREAS Party B desires to co-operate with Party A to manufacture and sell Road Marks in Ch

21、ina and overseas markets, and WHEREAS both parties consider these objectives can be achieved by the formation of a joint venture company under the relevant laws, rules and regulations of the Peoples Republic of China; NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the convents described hereina

22、fter, Party A and Party B agree as follows. 合同长句翻译合同长句翻译 1、This Contract is made out in two originals, each copy written in Chinese and English languages, both texts being equally valid. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the Chinese text shall prevail. 1. 本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和英本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和

23、英文书写，两种文本具有同等效力。若对其文书写，两种文本具有同等效力。若对其解释产生异议，则以中文本为准。解释产生异议，则以中文本为准。 2、Commodity Inspection: It is mutually agreed that the Certificate of Quality and Weight issued by the China Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau at the port of shipment shall be taken as the basis of delivery. 2. 商品检验：买卖双方

24、同意以装运口岸中商品检验：买卖双方同意以装运口岸中国进出口商品检验局签发的品质和重量检国进出口商品检验局签发的品质和重量检验证书作为品质和数量的交货依据。验证书作为品质和数量的交货依据。 3、This Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the authorized representatives of both parties. 3. 本合同将在双方授权代表签字后正式生本合同将在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。效。 4、Terms of Payment: By Irrevocable Letter of Credit fo

25、r 90% of the total invoice value of the goods to be shipped, in favour of the Sellers, payable at the issuing bank against the Sellers draft at sight accompanied by the shipping documents stipulated in the Credit. The balance of 10% of the proceeds is to be paid only after the goods have been inspec

26、ted and approved at the port of destination. 4. 付款条件：按货物金额付款条件：按货物金额90%开立以卖方开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤销信用证，凭卖方跟单为受益人的不可撤销信用证，凭卖方跟单汇票向开证行议付，其余汇票向开证行议付，其余10%货款在货到货款在货到目的地检验合格后付清。目的地检验合格后付清。 5、Force Majeure: If shipment of the contracted goods is prevented or delayed in whole or in part due to Force Majeure, the Se

27、llers shall not be liable for non-shipment or late shipment of the goods under this Contract. However, the Sellers shall notify the Buyers by fax or telex and furnish the latter within 15 days by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of International Tra

28、de attesting such event or events. 5. 不可抗力：如由于不可抗力的原因，致不可抗力：如由于不可抗力的原因，致使卖方不能全部或部分装运或延迟装运合使卖方不能全部或部分装运或延迟装运合同货物时，卖方对于这种不能装运或延迟同货物时，卖方对于这种不能装运或延迟装运不负有责任。但卖方须用传真或电传装运不负有责任。但卖方须用传真或电传通知买方，并须在通知买方，并须在15天内以航空挂号信件天内以航空挂号信件向买方提交中国国际贸易促进委员会出具向买方提交中国国际贸易促进委员会出具的证明此类事故的证明书。的证明此类事故的证明书。 买卖合同（范式） 合同号： 签署日期/地点：

29、买方名称： 法定地址： 联系人： 卖方名称： 法定地址： 联系人： 买卖双方经协商，签署本合同。根据合同条款规 定，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售下列货物。 货物名称及合同适用范围 价格 付款方式 包装条件 双方证明，合同自签署之日起生效。 买方： 卖方： 签署人： 签署人： 日期： 日期： 最终用户： 签署人： 日期：body 1. NAME OF COMMODITY AND SCOPE OF THE CONTRACT 2. PRICE 3. PAYMENT 4. PACKING IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this contract has been executed effect

30、ive as of the date first above written. THE BUYER THE SELLER _ _ By：_ By：_ Date：_ Date：_ THE END USER _ By： _ Date：_ 2 Quantity: 900M/T. (Metric Ton) 公吨公吨3 Unit price (单价单价): USD 120 per M/T CFRC 5% Singapore. C: Cost (成本成本) F: Freight (运费运费) C: Commission (佣金佣金)4 Total amount: USD108,000 with 5% mo

31、re or less (溢短溢短装条款装条款) both in amount and quantity at the sellers option.Name of commodity and specification (品名品名及规格及规格): Lithophone Zns content 28% min.5 Packing: By paper-lined glass-fibre bags of 25kg. each, gross for net.(以毛作净以毛作净)6 Shipping marks (运输标志或运输标志或唛头唛头): To be designated by the sell

32、ers.Port of shipment and Port of Destination (装运装运港和目的港港和目的港): From Qingtao to SingaporeTime of shipment: During May/July,1995, into three equal lots. Partial shipment (分批装运分批装运) to be allowed, transhipment (转运转运) not to be allowed.Insurance: To be covered by the buyers.Terms of payment: By irrevoca

33、ble, transferable, and divisible bankers acceptance letter of credit to cover the total value of each monthly (or lot of ) shipment as stipulated aboveCommodity inspection: Certificate of quality and weight issued by the Chinese Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau at the port of shipment12

34、 Amendment of Letter of CreditIf the L/C is not in accordance with the terms of contract, amendments should be made immediately by the buyersBuyers shall be responsible for any losses thus incurred as well as for late shipment thus caused13 Shipping Advice (装运通知装运通知)The sellers or their branches sha

35、ll notify the buyers or their agents by cable or telex of the number of L/C, quantity and name of vessel immediately after loading is completed.14 Claims (索赔索赔) The buyers shall have the right within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination to lodge or file claims concerning

36、 the quality, quantity or weight of the goods ( claims for perishable goods are to be put forward immediately after arrival of the goods at destination).15.Force Majeure (不可抗力不可抗力)Should any natural disasters happen,the time of Should any natural disasters happen,the time of shipment might be extend

37、ed, or a part or whole of shipment might be extended, or a part or whole of the contract cancelled without liability attached the contract cancelled without liability attached to the sellers. The seller shall furnish the buyer to the sellers. The seller shall furnish the buyer within 15 days after t

38、he accident by registered within 15 days after the accident by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the competent airmail with a certificate issued by the competent government authority or the chamber of government authority or the chamber of commerce which is located at the merce which i