版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去( past-in-the-past )”。-|- |-|->那时以前 那时 现在构成:过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成,其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状
2、语来判定 一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有: ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before las
3、t Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在: ( 1 )宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如: She said that she had seen the film before. ( 2 )状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用
4、过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如: When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如: Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the
5、 classroom. ( 3 )表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本,未能" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3. 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法 1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时
6、间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。如: When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”) 2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如: He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already , yet , still , just , b
7、efore , never 等时间副词及 by , before , until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如:Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。如: By the end of la
8、st year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. ( had worked 已有了 20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能)四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。试比较: I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000
9、 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在) John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been? 他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned h
10、ome 之前去了哪些地方,即“过去的过去”) 五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点: 1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较: They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如: She
11、was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如: He entered the room, turned on the light an
12、d read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.重点英语中,已经有了一个过去一般时表示在过去发生的动作,为什么还有过去完成时呢?要记住:过去完成时的关键概念是:假设在过去发生了两件(或以上)的事件,一件是A事件,另一件是B事件,如果A、B两个事件几乎是同时发生的,那就用一般过去时;但是,如果A、B两个事件不是同时发生的,怎么办呢?那就是:哪个事件先发生,就用过去完成时;哪个事件后发生,就用过去完成时。在上面的假设中,如果A事件先发生,A就用过去完成时;如果B事件先发生,B就用过去完成时;而不管两件事是用什
13、么样的时间状语或其它形式表示的。 请看例句: 例1She said (that) she had never been to Paris.例2When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.例3We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.例4Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 例5The students were writing,
14、 busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. 在上面的五个例子中,我们只要稍微分析一下,就可以发现:每个例子讲述的内容中,都包含着两个(或以上)在过去发生的事件。我们将两件事抽取出来看一下,就非常明白:必定有一件事是先生的,另一件是后发生的:例1said had never been to (先没有“去”,后“说”)例2arrivedhad run away. (先“跑”了,后“到”)例3 had hoped would comedidn't (先“希望”,后才发生“没去”)例4w
15、as disappointedhad left arrived (先“离开”,后“到达”和“失望”)例5were writingwent had left (先“离开”,后“到”和“写”) 难点过去完成时的难点在于:有时候一句话中并没有出现两个事件,因此无法比较两个事件的先后。那为什么也用过去完成时呢?请看下面的例句: 例1By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.实际上,在上面的例句中,仍然有着“先、后”之分的。不过,这次不是A、B两件事件的先后,而是有两个过
16、去时间的“先、后”关系。 首先,句子中有个明确的过去时间点:12岁。说他“12岁”,显然是过去式。那么,紧接着说“他已经开始谋生了”,这个“谋生”是发生在“12岁”时,还是“12岁”前,还是“12岁”后?答案是肯定的:他的“谋生”发生在“12岁”之前!也就是说,“12岁”已经是一般过去时,而在“12岁”之前发生的事,当然是过去完成时。所以,在那么多表示时间状语的词中,大家要特别注意By、Until等的用法。可以说,在讲述过去的事件中,如果出现By时间状语,很有可能要用过去完成时了。(当然,我说的是很有可能。) 类似的时间表达方式还有Until、Before等。只要大家把握了过去完成时
17、的基本含义,不管句子怎么变化,应该没有多大的问题。例如:例2Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six month. 此句的分析同上面差不多。首先有个明确的过去时间点"then"(那时),而"hadn't heard"发生在then之前(包括then)。所以此句用的是过去完成时。 再举两个例子例3We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term.例4I waited until h
18、e had finished his homework.例5We had got to the station before 10:00.专项练习一.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen
19、_ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.
20、10.The Reads _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because sh
21、e _ (be) there before.16. He _(not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing).二句型转换1I had sold the ticket when she came.(改否定句)2.She had
22、 sung a song to us before she danced.(改否定句)3.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.(否定)4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. (改一般疑问)5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.(改一般疑问)6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off.
23、(改一般疑问)7.He had broken his arm when I saw him.(对划线部分提问)8.When he had read the note, he ate it. (对划线部分提问)9.Jack didnt go to the cinema because he had seen the film. (对划线部分提问)10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. (对划线部分提问)11.She had written the book by the end of 1960.
24、 (对划线部分提问)12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. (用过去完成时连接两句)13.Jims father mended the car. It was broken. (用过去完成时连接两句)14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句)After we _, we _ 15.He showed us the picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用过去完成时连接两句)Before he _, he_.参考答案:
25、一.用动词的适当形式填空1. had painted. moved 2. had made . died 3. had studiedleft 4. had run away.arrived 5. had turned off went 6. went had made 7. said had read 8 failed had made 9. (had) finished left 10. were having/had had got 11. arrived . had left 12. had learned 13. (had) finished 14. had .done 15 didn't go had been 16. hasn't told 17 had given 18. have been 19. had been 20. was playing was
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 《浓度对化学平衡影响的探究》教学设计
- 一年级数学(上)计算题专项练习汇编
- 荆楚理工学院《数字影像包装》2022-2023学年第一学期期末试卷
- 高二历史教案
- 黑龙江省哈尔滨市呼兰区多校2024-2025学年六年级上学期期中语文试卷
- 陕西省宝鸡市陈仓区2024-2025学年八年级上学期期中生物学试题(含答案)
- 湖北省孝感市孝南区2024-2025学年七年级上学期期中地理试题(含答案)
- 急救用骨盆夹产业规划专项研究报告
- 医用足底按摩拖鞋市场需求与消费特点分析
- 握笔器产业运行及前景预测报告
- 2024年官方兽医考试题库(判断题)
- 职业健康安全培训课件(共32张课件)
- 2024年07月首都博物馆2024年招考17名合同制用工人员笔试近年2018-2023典型考题及考点剖析附答案带详解
- 2024CSCO结直肠癌诊疗指南解读
- 大学生毕业论文写作教程(高校毕业生论文写作指课程导)全套教学课件
- (正式版)QBT 2174-2024 不锈钢厨具
- 监控维修施工方案
- 是谁杀死了周日
- 2024年辽宁铁道职业技术学院高职单招(英语/数学/语文)笔试历年参考题库含答案解析
- 主播艺人入职面试信息登记表
- 2023年学习兴税(网络信息)知识考试复习题库(含答案)
评论
0/150
提交评论