中考英语名词专项练习

1、一、教学目标：名词用法二、教学内容：中考名词考点总结及练习一、名词介绍1. 名词分类专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、机构和组织名称。Lucy, China, the Great Wall普通名词：A. 可数：个体 dictionary,pencil,chair,window,table,book,bike,ball集体名词family,police,class,group,teamB. 不可数：物质，物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料，rice,glass,porridge, paper,air,wood,wheat,steel抽象，表示状态、品质、行为和感情等抽象概念Kno wledge,

2、dan ger,health, life, homework2.名词变复数情况构成方法、七寺 读曰例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/S/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags /car-cars以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾加-es读 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches以 ce, se, ze,等结尾加-s读 /iz/lice nse-lice nses以辅音字母+y结尾y i再力卩es读/z/baby-babies般：力口 -s, cakes, days,students,beds以-s,-x,-sh,-ch 结尾名词，力口 -es, buses, bo

3、xes, watches以辅音字母力口 -y 结尾，变 y 为 i, 加-es, baby-babies, city-cities, country-countries以元音字母力口 y 结尾，力口 -s, toy-toys,m on key-mon keys以 f(fe) 结尾，变 f(fe) 为 ves, leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves, life-lives以 ce,se,ze,(d)ge 结尾，力口-s, face-faces, orange-oranges不规则变化：改变单数名词中的元音字母，man-men woman-women, foot-feet, tooth

4、-teeth单复数形式相同，fish-fish, sheep-sheep,deer-deer, Chin ese-Ch in ese其他其他形式，mouse-mice国别：国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人the Chin esea Chin esetwo Chin ese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australia nsan Australia ntwo Australia ns俄国人the Russia nsa Russia ntwo Russia ns意大利人the Italia nsan Italia ntwo Italia ns希腊人

5、the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Fren chma ntwo Fren chme n日本人the Japa nesea Japanesetwo Japa nese美国人the America nsan America ntwo America ns印度人the In dia nsan In dia ntwo In dia ns加拿大人the Can adia nsa Can adia ntwo Can adia ns德国人the Germa nsa Germa nstwo Germa ns英国人the En glishan En glishma

6、 ntwo En glishme n瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes以 o 结尾名词，力口 es, negro, hero, tomato,potato名词作定语变复数：1) 用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department外语系2) man, woman, gentleman 等作定语时， 其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen o

7、fficials3) 有些原有 s 结尾的名词，作定语时， s 保留。例如：goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4) 数词 +名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋a ten-mile walk十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划3. 不可数名词的数： 数词或冠词 +量词 +of+ 不可数名词，量词可单复数，但of 后的名词只用原形，如 a piece of paper, a dro

8、p of water, two cups of tea4. 名词所有格： 's 和 of 形式。' s 形式表示有生命的东西， of 所有格用来表示无生命的 东西my brother ' s book the windows of the room 两个并列单数名词表示两者共有时，在最后一个名词后加' sThis is Mary and her sister' s bedroom.Lily and Lucy' s mother is a nurse.如果表示两者分别有，那么两个词都要加' sThese are Tom ' s an

9、d Mary ' s bags.如果以 s 结尾名词，其后加' , 其他形式加' sTeachers ' Day Children ' s Day店铺、医院名称加' s, at the doctor' ssomeone,everybody,no one 和 else, 在 else 后加' s, 如 somebody else ' s pencil表示时间， 距离，国家， 城市等无生命的东西的名词， 可以在词尾加' s 或'来构成所有格。A. 用于时间An hour ' s rideB. 用于度量T

10、hirteen tons ' weightC. 用于价值A hundred yuan ' s orderD. 用于天体The earth ' s satelliteE. 用于国家Belgium ' s capitalF. 用于城市The Ural ' s industry5. 双重所有格： of+ 名词所有格， of+ 名词性物主代词表示部分概念，of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词， 女口： a, an, one, two , some, several ， a few ， many， any， no 等。This is a picture of

11、 mine.这是我的一张照片。双重所有格与 of 所有格的不同。如：He is a friend of your father's.他是你父亲的一个朋友。 （强调你父亲的朋友不止一个）He is a friend of your father.他是你父亲的朋友。 （强调他对你父亲的友好）6. 名词转化某些名词后加y变形容词，表示"充满的”，cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny某些名词后加ful变形容词，表示"性质的”，use-useful, care-careful部分表示人的名词后加 ly 变形容词,具有赞美意味。 Friend-friendly, lo

12、vely某些名词后加 less 表示没有， careless, useless二、名词用法作主语，English is useful.做定语，做宾语，做表语，Tom is my good friend.paper tigers, work placesShe learns Chinese hard every day.做宾语补足语， They chose the boy monitor.三、既是可数又是不可数名词的意义不同Work 工作 -a work 著作， glass 玻璃 -a glass 玻璃杯， paper 纸 -a paper 报纸，文件，试卷Tea茶-a tea 种茶，wood木

13、头-a wood 小树林，room 空间-a room 空间 非复数： physics, maths, politics, news表示由两部分构成的东西，如： glasses （眼镜） trousers, clothes 等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair （ 对，双）;suit （套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers不可数）等。当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：This factory produces steel.We need various steels.可数）我国因茶叶而闻名。当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Ou

14、r country is famous for tea.Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。The girl was washing greens.Our returns are not as good as before.Please hand in your papers at once.Mary lost her good looks when she was old.四、名词动词化1. Don 't brother me.2. Don ' t sir me!3. The dog nosed the door open.4. He mouthed down a

15、 piece of cake.三、课堂练习 ：填空：Japanese, Frenchman, American, EgyptianGerman, Australian, potato, tomatophoto, piano, kangaroo, bamboowoman driver, apple tree2. 把下列名词变为形容词wind 有风的， rain 有雨的， dirt 脏的， health 健康的，help 有帮助的， joy 十分喜悦的， brother 兄弟般的hope 没希望的， fear 无畏的单选：1. - Hi, Tom. Could you help me cut up

16、 the meat for dumplings?-Ok, Mom. But where is the_?A. knife B. fork C. spoon D. chopsticks2. I was not at home when the_brought the package, so I' ll have to get it myself at the post office.A. bus driver B. mail carrier C. police officer D. shopkeeper3. Whynot go to the Great Wall this Saturda

17、y? I 'm afraid it 's not a good_. Many of us have been there.A. place B. day C. plan D. idea4. When we saw Liu Xiang's face, we knew_was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news5. A group of_will visit the museum tomorrow.A. Hungarian B. Autralian C. Japanese D. American6. I wonder

18、 why_are interested in action films.C. the people D. the peoples's meet at 7:30 outside the gate of.A. the People ' s Park B. the Peoples ' ParkC. the People Park D. People' s Park8. The farmer raised ten.A. sheeps C. horse D. cows9. They got muchfrom those new books.A. ideas B. phot

19、os C. in formati on10. - What would you like to drink, girls?-, please.A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cupof coffees11. Today is September 10th. I t' sDay. Let ' s go and buy some flowers for ourteacher.A. Teachers B. Teachers ' C. the teachers &#

20、39; D. Teacher ' s12. There are about 50_in our school.A. wome n doctors B. wome n teachers C. woma n teachers D. woma n workers13. My mother bought melast Saturday.trousers B. two pair of trousers C. two pairs of trousers D. two pairstrousers14. I want to have a _with you about the problem.Sure

21、.A. fun B. word C. play15. is n ice and clea n.A. The air today B. The today air C. The air of today D. The air阅读与填空：twono isygrow rain be peaceWhat's the real meaning of the word "peace" ? The 1 story may tell us someth ing about it.There was once a king who offered an award to an art

22、ist who could paint the 2 picture of peace. Many 3 tried.The king looked at all the therewere only twohe really liked and he had to choose betwee n them.One picture was a calm lake. The lake was a perfect thing for peace becauseof the high mountains around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white clou

23、ds. 4 who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains too. But they were rugged （高低不平的 ）.Abovewas the dark sky, from which heavy rain fell. A waterfall was rushing down the side of the mountain. This did not look 5 at all. But when the king looked

24、6 ,he found behind the waterfall a very small bush 7 in the midst在.中）of thewaterfall and a mother bird sitting on her nest （鸟窝）in perfect peace.The ki ng gave the award to the artist who pain ted the 8 picture. Why?"Because," expla ined the king, "peace does not mean 9 in a place wher

25、e thereis no 10 , no trouble or hard work. Peace means in the midst of all those things, you're still calm in your heart. That's the real meaning of peace."阅读：In 1620, about half the USAwas covered by forests . Today the forests have almost gone. A lot of good land has gone with them, l

26、eaving only sandChi na does n't want to copy the USA's example. We're pla nti ng more and moretrees . We've built the " Great Green Wall" of trees across northern part of our country. The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometresIong, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometreswide. It

27、 will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. It will stop the sand from movi ng towards the rich farmla nd in the south.More "Great Green Walls" are needed. Trees must be grown all over the world. GreatGreen Walls will make the world better根据短文内容，选择正确答案。1 In 1620, about the USA was cov

28、ered by forests A a thirdB half C two thirdsD a fourth2 A lot of good land has gone with A sandB water C windD forestslong 1,700 kilometers 400 kilometersthe USA every part of the world Tall buildings Flowers and grass3 The Great Green Wall in China isA 7,000 kilometersBC 7,000 metersD4 Trees must b

29、e grown in .A China BC some countriesD5 will make the world betterA The Great WallBC Great Green Walls D四、课后练习was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly l ive on his.A. little wage B. few wage C. wage D. wagesof the houses in the village were burnt to during the war

30、.ashB. the ashC. ash D. ashesstudents at colleges or universities are making for the coming New Yea r.A. many preparations B. much preparation C. preparations D. preparat ionin is one of their spare-time activities.A. oil B. an oil C. oils D. the oilthe view of the foreign experts, there wasn' t

31、 oil here.A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. manylarge houses are being painted, but .great expense B. at a great expense C. in a lot of expenses D. by high expenseroom was small and contained far too .new furniture C. much new furnituresnew furniture D. many new furnitureswas late for two cla

32、sses this morning. He said that he forgot both of the A. rooms number B. room number C . room ' s numbersD. room numberscan do work in a short time, but a man can not do by himself.A great many manyC much a great dealdeal of much D. manya great manydidn 't know he had been given.A. how many information C. how many informationsB. the number of information D. how much informationinvited all of his to join his wedding party.A. comrade-in-arms C. comrades-in-armB. comrades-in-arms D. comrade-in-armthe in the