汉英语言对比

1、汉英语言对比 大陆文化与海洋文化 汉语以意统行，强调意义的连贯，但不在意形式标记，句法特征为意合（parataxis), 语法特征为隐性（covertness),词语的意义只能在句子或语境中靠人的悟性去领会 英语的语法特征是显性（overtness), 句法特征是形合（hypotaxis),词序比较自由，构词比较灵活 因此，翻译不仅是语义转换，更是文化转换。文化的共性产生可译性，但文化的个性导致难译性或不可译性。语言及文化的差异来自于心理文化的差异，根源则是思维方式的差异。 中国人重伦理（ethics), 英美人重认知（cognition). 即人生之理与自然之性的区别。 称谓的不同： 张明和

2、刘丹是表亲。张明的母亲是刘丹的姑母，刘丹的母亲是张明的舅母。 Zhangming and Liu Dan are cousins, Zhang Mings mother is Liu Dans aunt who is the sister of Liu Dans father, while Liu Dans mother is Zhang Mings aunt who is the wife of Zhang Mings mothers brother. 中国人重群体及整体、偏重综合性（synthetic)思维，英美人重个体（Individuality）、偏重分析性（analytic)思维 I

3、ndividualism一词的东西差异 它收敛了它的花纹、图案，隐藏了它的粉墨、彩色，逸出了繁华的花丛、停止了它翱翔的姿态，变成了一张憔悴的，干枯了的，甚至不是枯黄的，而是枯槁的，如同死灰颜色的枯叶。 When it gathers its wings full of exquisite patterns, it conceals its beautiful colors. When it flutters out from a cluster of blooming flowers and alights somewhere in the middle of its graceful fli

4、ght, it turns into a dried leaf, not even of a withering yellow, but of a deathly grey.中国人重直觉，英美人重实证 恍然大悟，豁然贯通，了然于心。言外之意。 汉语句子可以不通过分析语法关系而理解，但是英语长句中的错综复杂的关系，不通过分析其语法关系，是很难理解的。Figurative thinking & logical thinking 明枪易躲，暗箭难防。 It is easy to dodge a spear thrust in the open, but difficult to guard

5、against an arrow shot from hiding. 脚踩两只船（have a foot in either camp) 胆小如鼠（as timid as a mouse, chicken-hearted) 调虎离山（lure the tiger out of the mountains, lure the enemy away from his base) 居高临下：occupy a commanding position 蒙在鼓里： be kept in the dark汉英语言对比 文字差别 语音差别 词汇对比（文化差异）：龙，白象电池，回力 贾母笑道：“你不认得他，他是

6、我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿，南省称谓作辣子” “You dont know her,” said Grandmother Jia merrily.（David Hawkes) 贾母因笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见小妹妹！” With a smile at Pao-yu, the Lady Dowager scolded, “Fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor.” (杨宪益、戴乃迭）汉英词义关系 词义相符（semantic correspondence) 词义相异（semantic non-correspon

7、dence) 如松、梅、竹/pine trees, plum blossoms, bamboo/ 龙、凤 词义空缺（semantic zero)词义空缺 糖葫芦：Tanghulu, a sugar-coated fruit on the stick which is a kind of childrens favorite food in winter 文房四宝：the four treasures of the study (writing brush, ink-stick, inkstone and paper) 乌纱帽： an official post 五岳（the Five Sacr

8、ed Mountains), 五经（the Five Classics) 句法对比（parataxis & hypotaxis) （1）我常见许多青年的朋友，（2）聪明用功，（3）成绩优异，（4）而语文程度不足以达意，（5）甚至写一封信亦难得通顺，（6）问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。（梁实秋学问与趣味） I have come across a great many friends, bright and diligent, do exceedingly well in studies, but they are rather weak in Chinese, even cant wr

9、ite a smooth Chinese letter. When asked why, theyll say they are not interested in Chinese. I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. When I as

10、ked them why, they said they were not interested in the Chinese language. 七种英语基本句型汉英篇章对比 Information structure, 汉语为主题显著（topic-prominent)语言，建构在意念主轴（thought-pivot)上；英语为主语显著（subject-prominent)语言，建构于主谓主轴（subject-predicate-pivot)上。 为了完成这篇论文，他熬了一个通宵。 He stayed up the whole night finishing the thesis. Cohe

11、sive devices 指称衔接（外指与内指，内指分回指与下指） 结构衔接：通过主位-述位结构或代替、省略、对偶、排比、反复等修辞格实现。 词汇衔接：反复和搭配 Oracle EBS系统整体信息高度集成，能够有效解决系统各模块的协同应用问题。通过实施Oracle EBS系统，云南白药实现了财务、计划、生产、销售和质量管理等内部组织的高效协同，为我们以严格标准再造业务流程并利用ERP系统整合和固化流程奠定了坚实的基础。 Oracle EBS provides close integration of overall information and thus can help achieve c

12、ollaboration between the diverse modules in an application system. The implementation of Oracle EBS helps Yunnan Baiyao realize high-efficiency collaboration in the management of a series of business processes including finance, planning, manufacturing, sales and quality, laying a solid foundation f

13、or the reorganization of business process under precise standards and for the integration and streamlining of ERP system. 云南白药集团股份有限公司（以下简称云南白药）是国内传统中药企业的龙头企业，公司主营业务涉及药品、OTC和日化产品，公司2007年的营业收入、净利润、每股收益均位居全国同行业首位。云南白药还是我国中药企业中拥有自主知识产权产品品种最多的企业。 Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd. (Yunnan Baiyao) is the lead

14、er of domestic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) enterprises that specializes in medicine, OTC and daily chemicals. The company ranks top in its industry in China in terms of sales revenue, net profit and earnings per share （EPS）. Meanwhile, Yunnan Baiyao is also a Chinese medicine enterprise who o

15、wns the most types of products with independent knowledge property rights. 2006年12月，云南白药与Oracle公司及佳邦信息咨询有限公司（以下简称佳邦咨询）合作，以Oracle 电子商务套件系统（Oracle E-Business Suite，以下简称 Oracle EBS系统）为基础，实施全面集成公司各个业务领域的企业信息化管理项目，使云南白药的ERP系统从订单、仓库、生产、采购到财务的管理实现了一体化，显著提升了公司内部组织间的协同效率和工作质量，在全面提高云南白药产值的同时，有效降低了企业运营和管理的费用。

16、In Dec. 2006, under the cooperation with Oracle and Besthelp Consulting Co., Ltd. (Besthelp Consulting), the implementation of an informatization management project with the aim of an all-round integration of all business processes of the enterprise was initiated on the basis of Oracle E-Business Su

17、ite (Oracle EBS). Consequently, a unified management covering order, inventory, production, procurement and finance was realized in the ERP system of the enterprise, which greatly boosted collaboration efficiency between diverse departments of the enterprise and operation quality. Along with an all-

18、round increase of output, there has also been an effective decrease of expenditure in both operation and management of the enterprise. 专访专访CommVault：承诺一种更好的方法：承诺一种更好的方法 CommVault公司的营销和业务拓展副总裁David West在北京接受媒体采访时表示，CommVault会用一种更好的办法去解决目前企业中所面临的数据管理和信息价值利用的工作，而不是试图用复杂的方案去解决复杂的问题，为此，CommVault将继续充实自己的竞

19、争实力。他认为，这也是CommVault与竞争对手最大的区别 An Interview with CommVault: Making Promise is a Better Way While being interviewed in Beijing by the media, Mr. David West, Vice Marketing and Business Promotion President of CommVault, stated that CommVault will try to solve the problems in data management and the application of information value in enterprises with “a better way” instead of “using complicated solutions to solve complicated problems”. In response to this goal, CommVault will continue to incr