宾语从句讲解,练习与答案

1、宾语从句一、基本讲解1. 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg. He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)2. 连接词(1) 述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。eg. She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2) 以 whether 或 if

2、引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是述语序 eg. I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不用if eg. We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. eg. Please let me know what to do next. Co

3、uld you tell me whether to go or not? c. if当”如果”讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.(3). 特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you?特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think述句语序。3. 宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Do y

4、ou know（if/whether he has seen the film）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：I didn't know （if/whether he had seen the film.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）The teacher told us （that lighttravels much faster than sound.）4. 人称的变化和标点的使用a.从

5、句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：(一主二宾三不变)“May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk? I

6、 dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?二、宾语从句的转化1. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语一样时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn,

7、forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：I don't know which sweaterI should buy.I don't know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结

8、构。如：Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether

9、,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后述式。初中宾语从句专项习题巩固练习( ) 1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. you will leave when D. when you will leave( ) 2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom livedC. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives( ) 3.The old man asked me _ .A. where wa

10、s the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema( ) 4.I think _ you will like him.A. that B. if C. why D. how( ) 5.I didnt know _ he will come or not.A. that B. whether C. weather D. how( ) 6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these s

11、hoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost( ) 7.She asked me _ .A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is( ) 8.Ask him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup( ) 9. I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. w

12、hat time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts( ) 10. The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill( ) 11. The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will

13、rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow( ) 12. Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to( ) 13. Could you tell me where _?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape( ) 14. They want to know _?A. where is the h

14、ospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying( ) 15. Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stock

15、ing( ) 16. No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if( ) 17. July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch( ) 18. No one told us _, so we ne

16、ed your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do( ) 19. We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do( ) 20. He asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I f

17、ind out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money( ) 21. Did you hear _? A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say ( ) 22. Can you tell me _? A. which class you are in B. which class are you in C. you are in

18、 which class D. are you in which class ( ) 23. -Excuse me. Could you tell me _? - Certainly. A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station ( ) 24. Could you tell me where _ yesterday? A. did you go B. you go C. you have g

19、one D. you went ( ) 25. Tom asked me _. A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was ( ) 26. Excuse me, could you tell me _? A. wheres the teachers office B. wheres the bus station C. whats she doing D. where the post office is ( ) 27. I want to see Mrs

20、. Wang , but I dont know _. A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live ( ) 28. - Go and ask Mr. White for help. - But I dont know _. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where is he living D. he lives there ( ) 29. - Can you tell me _? - Yes, he lives in a

21、small town. A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said ( ) 30. Have you decided _ for London? A. when will you leave B. when you will leave C. when are you going D. when you are going ( ) 31. Excuse me. Could you tell me _our tickets? A. where do we show B. where shall

22、 we show C. where did we show D. where we shall show ( ) 32. - What are you interested in about cooking food? - We are all interested in _. A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. Howegg fries D. how does egg fry ( ) 33. Do you know _? A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it

23、( ) 34. Do you know _? A. whose book is this B. whose book this is C. this book is whose D. whos book this is ( ) 35. I dont know _ now. A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat ( ) 36. Does he know _? A. whats your name B. what name is your C. what your is name D. wh

24、at your name is ( ) 37. Do you know _? A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on ( ) 38. Tell me where _? A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospitalD. hospital is ( ) 39. He hasnt decided _. A. if hell go on a trip to Wuxi

25、 B. when will he go on a trip to Wuxi C. if he goes on a trip to Wuxi D. when does he go on a trip to Wuxi ( ) 40. Can you see _? A. what hes reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what 宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1.参考答案D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用述语序。2. 参考答案D宾语从句用述语序，where作从句的宾语。3. 参考答案C宾语从句用述语序，

26、where表示地点。4. 参考答案A if表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。5. 参考答案B 有or not， 所以用whether.6. 参考答案C 宾语从句用述语序.7. 参考答案A宾语从句用述语序,who 作从句的宾语。8. 参考答案A whose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。9. 参考答案A 宾语从句用述语序。10. 参考答案D 主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。11. 参考答案C if连接宾语从句，宾语从句用述语序。12. 参考答案B whose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。13. 参考答案C 宾语

27、从句用述语序。14. 参考答案C宾语从句用述语序，时态不受限制。15. 参考答案C 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，因为圣诞老人是之前就把礼物放进袜子里了，所以用过去完成时态。16. 参考答案B 有or not就用whether.17. 参考答案D 宾语从句用述语序, 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态。18. 参考答案B 没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句用述语序，如果选B就是没有人做什么，us后面是宾语从句，而us是宾格不能作从句的主语，所以 C选项缺少宾语从句的主语，应选B.19. 参考答案D我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。What做to do 的宾语。20. 参考答案D 宾语从句用述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人，主句用过去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。21. 参考答案B 宾语从句用