状语的具体讲解时间状语

1、句子成分之一一一状语的具体讲解(二)时间状语具体用法：时间状语导读：一、能做状语的成分1 .名词做状语2 .介词短语做状语(介绍了很多搭配时间的介词)3 .时间状语从句(分别介绍了不同引导词用法)(1) 表示“当时候"while,when,as(2) 由before和after引导的时间状语从句(3) until和till 表示“直到”(4) since表示“自从”或者“自从这件事结束”(5) 由 as soon as, 表示 “一就”(6) by the time each time, every time二、常用时态中的标志性时间状语一、能做状语的成分1 .名词作状语常做状语的名

2、词有：today, yesterday, tomorrow,this 或 that + morning/afternoon/evening/night/day/week/month/year名词做主语放在句首句尾都可以：Yesterday" got my new book published.=I got my new book published yesterday.昨天我出版了 我的新书。2 .介词短语做时间状语表示在某时间.常用介词at , on, in等。用 at来表示在某一段时刻：at dawn/daybreak:在黎明at six :在6点钟at midnight : 在

3、午夜:16岁的时候用 at 来表示在岁时at sixteen/at the age of sixteen用 on来表示在星期几/某日on Monday :在星期一on January fifth :在 1 月 5 日on Christmas Day :在圣诞节那一天也可用at Christmason New Year's Day :在新年那天用in来表示一天中的早中晚，月份，季节或年份in the morning/afternoon/evening在早晨，下午，晚上in January/ February 在一月,二月in Spring在春天in 2014在 2014 年 表示 期间

4、常用介词 during , for , over, within , throughout , from 和 to 等。during /within 用来表示在一段时间内，区别是 during 可以加名词和时 问，within后只能加时间。during the Middle Ages : 在中世纪during 1942 :在 1942 年中during the summer (of that year ): 在 (那年的) 夏季during his childhood :在他童年时期during two years = within two yearsfor用来表示动作或状态持续了一段时间，（

5、要与完成时搭配）for six years :六年之久for two months :有两个月for ever :永远表示其他时间概念的介词有 before , after , since , until , till , between, up to 等3 .时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词，常见的有 before, after, when while, as, since, till, unil, as soon as 等(1)表示“当时候" while,when,aswhenwhen引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，可以是瞬时动词。并且有时表示“就在那时”。例如：Whe

6、n she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时，我停止吃饭。（瞬时动 词）When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （was reading 是延续性的动词，was readin

7、g和was watching同时发生）。I like playing football while you like playing basketball. 我喜欢踢足球， 而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句 动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”）As we were going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时， 开始下雪了。 （as强调旬中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）（2）由befo

8、re和after引导的时间状语从句before 表示 “在一之前”，after 表示 “在一之后”It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒 才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. 我父亲恰 好在信到之前去加拿大了。After you think it over, please let me know what you

9、 decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后，我们回家了。（3） until和till 表示“直到”主句肯定句中，用延续性动词，until /till后的时间表示相应动作结束的时间：He will wait for his girlfriend until he shows up. 他将等他的女朋友直 到她出现。（wait "等待”是延续性动词，动作能够一直持续）主句否定句中，用非延续性动词，until后的时间表示相应动作开始的时间：The letter won ， t

10、 be sent until you call the postman.由B件不会被寄出, 知道你给邮寄员打电话。（be sent “被寄出”，非延续性动词，就是一瞬间的动 作呢）这两个句型也是可以互换的：I will be here till /until he comes back. 我将一直在这里直到他回来。I won't leave here until he comes back. 我将不会离开这里直到他回来。（4） since表示“自从”或者“自从这件事结束”一般情况下，主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。I have been in Beijing si

11、nce you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪 里去了在It is + 时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。It is + 时间+since A自从A结束后到现在已经多长时间了It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在 d 匕京住有 四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我彳门老板离开d匕京有五个 月了。(5)由 as

12、soon as, 表示“一就” the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly,可以放在句首或者句尾。I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听至U消息，马上赶到了出事地点。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我至U力口拿大，就给你来电话。注意：ha

13、rdly(scarcely, rarely) - when / before, no sooner - than 相当于 as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当 hardly, scarcely, rarely 和no sooner位于旬首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：Hehad no sooner arrived homethan he was asked to start on another journey.他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he go

14、t out ofbed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in. 我刚坐下，他就进来了。He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。(6)由 by the time each time, every time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从何的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从何的谓语动词By t

15、he time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我You grow younger every time I see you.每次遇至U你，见你更年轻了。By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。二.常用时态中的标志性时间状语时间状语一般被当作时态的标志，那么下面提供了在常见时态中标志性时间状语： 一般现在时 ：every ，sometimes, at ，on Sunday 等一般过去时 ：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 等一般将来时 ：next , tomorrow, in+一段时间，before+ 时间点等现在完成时 ：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently等过