[初二英语]英语语法

1、.1规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式） work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried, (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写

2、该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义： 表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，already，before，so far, by now等连用。强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，他不能同表示过去的时间状语连用。汉译英时可加“已经”等词 。简言之利用过去，说明现在。如：I have already read

3、 the novel written by the world-famous writer.(已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since + 时间点/从句，for two months, so far等。We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表

4、示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：I've just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊!我还从来没听到过比这更优美的歌喉。3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如la

5、tely, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何?The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年时间里写了一本新书。Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗?The Browns have visited a lot of place

6、s in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等区别1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语: thi

7、s morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die,

8、 finish, become, get married等。He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)完成时的句型1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been

9、 late. 2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。 典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, it's the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever