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1、wordOutlineparisononthefollowingaspects:3.JudicialSystemTHEDIFFERENCE5FTHEGOVERNMEBETWEECHINAANDTHEUSATherearelotsofEnglishspeakingcountriesintheworldandtherealsomanydifferencesbetweenChinaandthemonmanyaspects.Forexample,paringthegovernmentwiththeUSA,I'dliketotalksomethingaboutthedifferencesthro
2、ughParliament,Politicalparties,JudicialSystemandsoon.PARLIAMENTAmerica'shighestlegislativebody(legislativebranch),implementthelegislativeprovisionsoftheFederalConstitution,theactuallocationoftheCapitolinWashington,DC,bytheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives;theChamberofDeputies;theLowerHouse,numb
3、erofmembersto535.Senatorisdirectlyelectedbythestates,eachstatehas2.implementoftheprincipleofequalrepresentationofthestates.ExistingMembers100.Electedsenatormustbeatleast30yearsold,fullnineyearsasaU.S.citizen,waselectedthestate'sresidentswhenelected.Six-yearterm,reelectioneverytwoyears1/3,re-elec
4、ted.Rep.(congressman)numberassignedbytheproportionofthepopulationstates,electedbydirectelection,atleastoneineachstate,thenumberisfixedat435,mustbeatleast25yearsofage,asaU.S.citizenfullsevenyears,whenelectedtothestate'selectedresidents.2-yearterm,bere-elected.Membersofbothhousesoflong-termelectio
5、nisamonphenomenon.Membersshallserveothergovernmentduties,MembersofParliamentrepresenttheirconstituencyvoters,butisrepresentativeofthecountryasawhole,thevoters,toregulatethebehaviorofthegovernmentandthepeoplethroughlegislation.NationalPeople'sCongressexercisesthefollowingpowers:(1)amendtheConstit
6、ution;(2)tooverseetheimplementationoftheConstitution;(3)theformulationand revision of criminal,civil,national institutionsandotherbasiclaws;(4)ElectthechairmanofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,andViceChairman;(5)AccordingtonominatetheChairmanofPeople'sRepublicofChina,decidedtoPremiercandidates;up
7、onnominationbythePremier'sdecision,Ministers,DeputyPremier,StateCouncilor,missions,theAuditorGeneral,theSecretary-Generalofthecandidates;Chairman(6)toelecttheCentralMilitarymission;uponnominationbytheChairmanoftheCentralMilitarymission,thechoiceofothermembersoftheCentralMilitarymission;(7)toelec
8、tSupremePeople'sCourt;(8)theelectionoftheSupremePeople'sProcuratorate;(9)reviewandapprovethenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplansandreports;。)toexamineandapprovethebudgetandthereportontheimplementationofthecountry;(11)toalterorannultheStandingmitteeofNationalPeople'sCongressinappropr
9、iatedecisions;(12)toapproveprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiestobuild;(13)todecidetheestablishmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionanditsinstitutions;(14)todecidequestionsofwarandpeace;(15)otherfunctionsandpowersshallbeexercisedbythesupremeorganofstatepower.POLITICALPARTIESTheUnitedStateshas
10、multipleparties,butonlyrepublicansandDemocratsplayasignificantroleinthedomesticpoliticandsociallife.<1>RepublicanPartyRepublicanPartywasfoundedin1854.RepublicanPartyheldpowerforthefirsttimewhenAbrahamLincolnbecamePresidentin1861.Duringthelater70years(except1916),Republicanpartyhadpresidedovert
11、heWhiteHouse.Generally,inthepresidentialelection,voterswhovotefortheparty'scandidatewerepartymembersofRepublicanParty.Republicansgenerallyconservativeonsocialissuesandwastheclassicalliberalismoneconomicissues.Theypursetoughdefenseandforeignpolicy,belongtointerventionismroute.<2>DemocraticP
12、artyDemocraticParty'spredecessor-Democraticrepublicanwasfoundedin1792byThomasJefferson.Intheparty-buildinginitialperiod,itmainlyrepresentedtheinterestsofsouthernslaveowners,westernagricultureentrepreneursandnorthmiddlebourgeoisie.Intheearly19thcentury,DemocraticRepublicansplit,onepartwhoclaimedt
13、obetheNationalRepublican,laterrenamedtheWhigparty.TheotherpartrepresentedbyAndrewJacksonwasestablishedasDemocratsin1828,andformallynamedforDemocratsin1840.Generally,inthepresidentialelection,voterswhovotefortheparty'scandidatewerepartymembersofDemocraticParty.Democraticwereliberalonsocialissues,
14、progressiveandliberaloneconomicissues.<3>OtherpartiesUnitedStatesGreenParty、ReformPartyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica、munistPartyofUnitedStatesofAmerica.Americansgenerallytendtosupportoneofthetwoparties,butsomepeoplewouldsupportindependentcandidateofsmallparties,includingtheliberalparty,thegreens,
15、constitution,etc.OnNovember4,2008,thedemocraticcandidateBarackObamawaselectedasthe44thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,tookofficeonJanuary20th,2009,becamethefirstAfrican-AmericanPresidentinAmericanhistory.ModernChina'spoliticalpartyisproducedinthelate19thcentury.From1920sto1940s,theChineseKuomintangan
16、dthemunistPartyformedthetwomajorpoliticalparties.ThereisalongtimestrugglebetweentheCPCandtheKMT,butduringthefirstSino-JapaneseWarandtheRevolutionaryWar,thetwopartieshadtwicecooperationagainstthemonenemy.In1949,themunistPartyledthepeopletooverthrowtheKMT'sauthoritarianruleandestablishedthePeople&
17、#39;sRepublicofChina.CPCandeightdemocraticpartiesestablishedlong-termcooperationwiththeChinesesystemofmulti-partycooperationandpoliticalconsultationundertheleadershipofthemunistparty.Eightdemocraticpartiesworkedtogetherandbecametheparticipatingparties.JUDICIARYThebasicframeworkoftheagencycourtdivide
18、dintofederalcourtandstatedistrictcourt,twopletelyindependentsystems.FederalcourtwasconsistedbythefederalSupremeCourtandfederalcourtofappeals,thefederaldistrictcourtandthespecialcourt(i.e.thebankruptcycourt,courtofinternationaltradeandthepensationcourt,etc.).TheSupremeCourtwasestablishedbytheconstitu
19、tionoftheUnitedStates.ThejudgescarryUnchangeablesystem,Professionalsystem,Highsalarysystem,Retirementsystem.ThereisnounifiedadministrativecourtintheUnitedStates.Besidestheordinarycourt,independentinstitutionsalsohavetherighttoacceptandrulingAdministrativedisputes.Standardmodeoforganizationandmanagem
20、entsystemsoftheU.S.courtshavediversity.Courthasunifiedmodelistheobjectsoftraditionalcourtorganizationandmanagementsystem,buttherearealsomanyproblems.TherearedisputesaboutU.S.courtorganizationandmanagementunifiedmodel,thenappearedanewidealtargetmodes:decentralization,consultationandemergencytype.Unde
21、rthePRCConstitutionandtheLawofOrganizationofthePeople'sCourts,thejudicialsystemismadeupoftheSupremePeople'sCourt,thelocalpeople'scourts,militarycourtsandotherspecialpeople'scourts.Thelocalpeople'scourtsareprisedofthebasicpeople'scourts,theintermediatepeople'scourtsandtheh
22、igherpeople'scourts.Thebasicpeople'scourtsareorganizedintocivil,criminal,economicandadministrativedivisions.Theintermediatepeople'scourtsareorganizedintodivisionssimilartothoseofthebasicpeople'scourts,andarefurtherorganizedintootherspecialdivisions,suchastheintellectualpropertydivision.Thehigherlevelpeople'scourtssupervisethebasicandintermediatepeople'scourts.Thepeople'sprocuratoratesalsohavetherighttoexerciselegalsupervisionoverthecivilproceedingsofpeople'scourtsof
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