中国文化中英对照

1、1.中国文化篇中国教育篇中国教育相关表达素质教育education for all-round development应试教育exam-oriented education填鸭式教学cramming method of learning义务教育compulsory education高等教育higher education普通高校regular institution of higher learning就业服务和职业培训employment services and vocational skills training综合性大学comprehensive university重点大学key

2、university减轻学生负担reduce burden for students应届高校毕业生new college graduates招生办公室admission office入学考试entrance examination高考college entrance examination研究生入学考试postgraduate entrance examination入学资格admission qualification升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade奖学金scholarship学费tuition专业课co

3、urse within one's major必修课required course选修课optional course学分制credit system毕业论文graduation thesis毕业证书graduation certificate学生会studentsunion学历record of formal schooling中小学生primary and secondary school student本科生undergraduate研究生postgraduate同学classmate教授professor副教授associate professor讲师lecturer助教tea

4、ching assistant教育界education circle教育投入input in education学前教育preschool education智力引进introduce talents课外活动extracurricular activity2.中国科技篇中国科技相关表达科技是第一生产力science and technology constitute a primary productive force科技体制改革reform of the science and technology management system技术密集产品technology-intensive pr

5、oduct科技含量technology content尖端科技state-of-the-art technology研究开发research and development治理污染curb the environmental pollution水循环利用工厂water recycling plant核电站nuclear power plant非化石能源发电量electricity generated from non-fossil energy新粒子new particleH7N9病毒H7N9 virus应用科学applied science3D打印3D printing人造器官artific

6、ial organ顶层设计the top layer design节能减排energy conservation and emission reduction工业升级industrial upgrading结构性障碍structural obstacle资源利用率resource utilization rate高速铁路high-speed rail科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development科技发展scientific and technological advancement生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture创新in

7、novation高科技园区high-tech park国家重点实验室national key laboratory研究成果research result新兴学科new branch of science人工智能artificial intelligence信息高速公路information superhighway网民netizen网上购物online shopping网上交易平台online trading platform“宽带中国”战略China's broadband strategy产能production capacity神舟十号the Shenzhou-10 spacec

8、raft嫦娥三号The Chang'e-3 lunar lander3.中国经济篇国民生产总值GrossNational Product (GNP)国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product (GDP)国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOEs)社会主义市场经济socialist market economy市场经济秩序the order of the market economy扩大内需expand domestic demand宏观调控macro control按劳分配distribution according to one's pe

9、rformance城乡居民收入income of urban and rural residents劳动力labor综合国力overall national strength公有制public ownership私有制private ownership私营企业private business中小企业small and medium enterprises (SMEs)跨国公司multinational corporation网络经济Internet-based economy经济规律law of economy大规模生产mass production生产力productive forces年均

10、增长率average growth rate per annum可持续增长sustainable growth经济效益economic returns经济增长economic growth经济波动economic fluctuation衰退recession提高经济效益enhance economic performance扭亏为盈turn a loss-making business into a profitable one优化经济结构optimize economic structure经济结构战略性调整strategic adjustment of the economic struc

11、ture优化消费结构optimize the consumption structure产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure产业格局industrial pattern高新技术产业high and new technology industries经济特区special economic zones繁荣与稳定prosperity and stability经济交流economic exchange利用外资utilization of foreign capital投资investment知识产权intellectual property righ

12、ts版权copyright商标trademark专利patent电子商务e-business循环经济recycling economy个人所得税personal income tax税收政策tax policy试点工程pilot project经济带economic belts经济全球化economic globalization财政和货币政策fiscal and monetary policies4.社会篇社会篇相关表达改革开放reform and opening up小康社会a well-to-do society奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable

13、 life人民生活peoples livelihood生活水平living standards生活质量quality of life改善民生improve peoples wellbeing住房条件housing conditions生活条件living conditions共同富裕shared prosperity社会稳定social stability衣食住行food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling厉行节约practice economy缩小收入差距narrow the income gap人均收入average income pe

14、r capita文化程度educational level城镇居民urban citizen失业保障unemployment security人口问题the issue of population全面发展all-round development发达国家developed country发展中国家developing country人口老龄化population aging养老provision for the aged养老保险old-age insurance社会保险social insurance计划生育family planning独生子女政策one-child policy城市人口ur

15、ban population农业人口agriculture population普查census社会事业social programs人才市场talent market人才交流talent exchange人才外流brain drain应届高校毕业生new college graduate农民工rural migrant worker公务员civil servant市民citizen名人celebrity残疾人the disabled就业率employment rate失业率unemployment rate出生率birth rate死亡率mortality rate寿命life span贫困

16、地区poverty-stricken region欠发达地区underdeveloped area摆脱贫困shake off poverty生活困难be badly-off用电量electricity consumption森林覆盖率forest coverage产业结构industrial structure创历史新高an all-time high战略性新兴产业strategic emerging industries基础设施infrastructure南水北调South-to-North Water Diversion Project自然灾害natural disasters本土化loc

17、alization体力劳动manual labor可持续发展sustainable development沙尘暴sandstorm建筑灰尘construction dust市政府the municipal government违章建筑unlicensed construction严厉地处罚impose tough punishments on主要污染源major sources of pollutants建筑灰尘construction dust炫富show off wealth热词hot word/ buzzword品位taste大众传媒mass media5.中国文化篇Part 1中国文化

18、四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针the compass文房四宝”Four Treasures of the Study笔writing brush墨ink stick纸paper砚ink slab书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting水墨画Chinese brush painting雕刻sculpture泥人clay figure武术martial arts京剧Peking opera昆曲Kunqu ope

19、ra相声cross talk中药traditional Chinese medicine中国结Chinese knot唐装Tang suit四合院courtyard house红茶black tea绿茶green tea功夫茶Gongfu tea火锅hot potPart 2中国文学四大名著four major classical novels三国演义The Romance of Three Kingdoms红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions水浒传Outlaw of the Marshes西游记Journey to the West四书The Four Books大学Th

20、e Great Learning中庸The Doctrine of the Mean论语Analects of Confucius孟子The Mencius五经The Five Classics诗经The Book of Songs书经The Book of History易经The Book of Changes礼记the Book of Rites春秋The Spring and Autumn AnnalsPart 3中国古代哲学家及相关表达哲学家philosopher孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu孙子Sun Tzu庄子Chuang Tzu儒学Confucian

21、 School孔庙Temple of Confucius孙子兵法The Art of WarPart 4中国历史及相关表达封建的feudal朝代dynasty春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period战国时期the Warring States Period隋唐时期the Sui and Tang dynasties明清时期Ming and Qing dynasties秦始皇the First Emperor of Qin君主monarch皇帝emperor皇太后Empress Dowager丞相prime minister大臣minister忠臣loyal minist

22、er中华文明Chinese civilization丝绸之路the Silk Road西域western countries历史遗迹historical site文化遗产cultural heritage文物cultural relics科举制imperial examination for recruiting civil servants6.中国文化篇节日篇中国节日及相关表达春节the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year农历正月初一the first day of the first lunar month农历lunar calendar年终

23、大扫除year-end household cleaning春联Spring Festival couplets年画New Year pictures剪纸paper-cuts团圆饭family reunion dinner饺子jiaozi春晚Spring Festival Gala守岁stay up late on the New Years Eve除夕Eve of Chinese New Year辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new拜年pay a New Year visit红包red packets压岁钱lucky money放爆竹let off firecrackers庙会temple fair禁忌taboo元宵节Lantern Festival农历正月十五15th day of the first lunar month元宵rice dumplings花灯festival lantern灯谜lantern riddle灯会exhibit of lanter