一种新型的MWD无线随钻测量系统-

1、仪器设备一种新型的MWD 无线随钻测量系统李军马哲杨锦舟韩建来(胜利油田钻井工艺研究院山东东营摘要:文章介绍了一种新型的MWD 无线随钻测量系统(APS 旋转阀定向测量系统的结构组成与工作原理,阐述了该系统中旋转阀脉冲发生器的功能特点,分析了该系统在现场应用中出现的问题,提出阀系结构的技术改进及软件升级的具体方法,通过现场实践,该系统能够满足应用需求,具有广泛的应用前景。关键词:MWD ;工作原理;旋转阀脉冲发生器;控制模块中图法分类号:TE271,TP393文献标识码:B 文章编号:100429134(2006022*0引言随着国内钻井技术的不断发展,随钻测量(MWD Measurement

2、 While Drilling 仪器的需求也不断增加。目前,国内无线随钻测量仪器的种类多种多样,市场竞争对无线随钻测量仪器的要求也越来越高。我们针对MWD 仪器现场使用中出现的各种问题,提出了一种新的设计思路,通过引进美国APS 公司的旋转阀式脉冲发生器,与我们自行研制出来的电子测量短节配套,由锂电池组供电,组成了一种新型的MWD 无线随钻测量系统(APS 旋转阀定向测量系统,通过现场应用,取得了一定的应用经验。针对现场出现的问题,对该系统进行了技术改进,并在现场应用中取得了较好的效果。1结构组成及工作原理新型MWD 无线随钻测量系统由井下测量系统和地面处理系统两部分组成,系统框图如图1所示

3、。图1系统框图该系统通过无磁钻铤中井下仪器测量短节的传感器感受定向数据,包括井斜角、方位角、工具面等井下信息,由测量短节计算储存并传输至APS 旋转阀脉冲发生器电路控制模块,这些井下信息转化成泥浆脉冲信号,以编码的形式传输到地面接收系统。地面系统中的压力传感器将泥浆脉冲信号转换成4mA 20mA 的电信号,通过电缆传输到地面接口系统,信号处理电路接收到此信号后,自动地进行数模转换,降躁,滤波等处理。然后,将信号传输给图形记录仪,可以图形方式记录下来;同时,将信号传输给上位机译码系统,译码系统根据译码规则将信号转换成井斜、方位、工具面等数据,并在上位机及钻台司钻阅读器上显示出来,给定向井工程师提

4、供实时可靠的井下情况。1.1井下测量系统井下测量系统由旋转阀脉冲发生器、供电系统、电子测量短节三部分组成。(1旋转阀脉冲发生器1旋转阀脉冲发生器是目前钻井行业中唯一的一种电子式脉冲发生器,通过电子软件控制,具有多种输出方式,其工作原理为:阀系中的转子在受控驱动下产生与定子的相对运动,实现对通道内流体的阻流作用而产生正压力脉冲。该脉冲发生器组成框图如图2所示 。图2旋转阀脉冲发生器系统组成框图该脉冲发生器采用自适应反馈控制系统,当外界原因使被控量偏离期望值而出现偏差时,会产生一个第一作者简介:李军,男,1968生,工程师,1996年毕业于石油大学计算机应用技术专业,现在胜利油田钻井工艺研究院自动

5、化所工作,主要从事MWD LWD 随钻测量仪器的研究开发和现场应用工作。邮编:25701703石油仪器PETROLEUM INSTRUMENTS 2006年04月相应的控制作用去减小或消除这个偏差,使被控量与期望值趋于一致2。即旋转阀脉冲发生器电子控制模块在控制电机驱动转子转动的同时,通过电机内霍尔电子传感器监测转子的转动位置,如果未达到所期望的位置,即反馈到控制电路,继续驱动转子转动,达到预想状态。阀系是由转子和定子组成,定子相对固定,转子有四个叶轮,定子中有四个泥浆流通孔道,转子的四个叶轮与定子的四个泥浆流通孔道对齐时为关闭状态,对泥浆有阻碍作用,通道完全释放为打开状态。当井下电子测量短节

6、测量井下数据后,传送到旋转阀脉冲器电子控制部分,控制直流马达驱动转子转动到关闭位置,保持一定时间后,又转回到初始位置;转子与定子的相对运动阻碍泥浆在钻铤内的流动,从而产生正脉冲泥浆压力脉冲信号。阀系定子转子产生正压力脉冲示意如图3所示 。图3阀系定子转子产生正压力脉冲示意图转子处于关闭与打开不同位置时,对管柱内流体产生限流作用的压力值之差为脉冲器产生的压力波幅值(即信号强度。由于阀系的特殊结构,小球堵漏剂不影响仪器的正常工作。脉冲驱动模块包括直流伺服电机、变速箱、连轴器等机械部件完成机械传动功能。其特点是采用磁耦合连轴器进行传矩传动,通过软件可以设置或改变电机的驱动电流来实现高排量下的扭矩控制

7、。电子控制模块采用智能自学习控制方法,具有脉冲调整智能解卡功能,即由控制模块连续监视脉冲器转子的开、闭状态位置以保证脉冲器在每个脉冲驱动信号作用下产生一个完整脉冲(转子实现一次关闭打开,当转子遇阻卡住的情况下,能够恢复到全开全关的位置;在脉冲器不产生脉冲的闲置状态下,监视转子位置的功能,已经发现在某些流量条件下,脉冲器本身产生的压差会引起转子关闭的趋势,控制软件监视转子的位置,保证在不发脉冲期间,调整转子向打开方向漂移,使其处于全开状态;此外,还具有工作参数存储功能(包括最大温度、脉冲数、电池电压,脉冲器的开关次数等。流量开关是一种电子开关(压电传感器,利用一种专利算法,通过监视泥浆泵产生的压

8、力波动来检测流量,它是通过变化的压力驱动(在静压下不响应,当流体压力大于1PSI 时,频率为1Hz 10Hz 的流量频率重复25s 后压力开关闭合,激励力持续25s 后流量开关闭合,激励力停止10s 后流量开关断开,可以通过软件设置激励力的门槛与频率范围以适应不同的工作要求,流量开关的门槛及频率设置参考曲线如图4所示 。图4流量开关压力门槛及频率设置软件设置参数3、4、5、6分别对应0.5、1、1.5、2PSI 这是流量开关打开门槛压力值及关闭门槛压力值的范围,如果压力开关模块在低频下不关闭,可以增加流量开关关闭门槛压力值。(2供电系统电池总成内含高容量的锂电池,它为整个井下仪器总成提供电源。

9、单D 电池可连续工作100h (工具面方式;双D 电池可连续工作150h 以上(工具面方式。(3电子测量短节电子测量总成由传感器短节和电路测量短节组成,传感器短节内装有具有工业标准的三轴磁力计和加速度计,用来测量地球的重力场和磁场的三轴矢量,然后送到电路测量短节计算出该点的井斜角(0180、方位角(0360和工具面角(井斜3,显示重力工具面角GTF 0180L 或GTF 0180R 、磁场强度、井底的温度。计算机进行编码后送到旋转阀脉冲发生器的控制电路驱动转子转动,产生正泥浆压力脉冲传输到地面检测系统。同时在地面通过按设定的时序开停泥浆泵,操作人员可获得全测量和开、关工具面等。泥浆脉冲信号传输

10、为正脉冲传输方式3,将测量数据通过泥浆传输至地面。1.2地面处理系统该系统由立管压力传感器、信号传输电缆、地面接口箱、司钻阅读器、计算机、上位机软件组成。其功能132006年第20卷第2期李军等:一种新型的MWD 无线随钻测量系统是把由井下脉冲发生器传上来的信号(约0.1MPa 1MPa 从立管压力(20MPa 中解读出来,并完成处理和实时显示。2使用中出现的问题及分析2.1在井下工作过程中出现憋泵现象,脉冲发生器转子及定子冲蚀严重经过分析认为:该现象与转子的自由运转状态有关,由于波努力的存在,转子不能正常全开全闭,转子受控关闭后没有回到初始位置,造成轻微的憋泵现象;转子不能正常全开全闭,造成

11、转定子处泥浆流道面积变小,泥浆流速升高,造成冲蚀。2.2脉冲发生器能耗过高在高10平1井、辛53斜6井上使用该系统时发现:在供电电池仍有余量的情况下,实际使用时电池能量却已耗完,经过分析认为:在正常钻进过程中,钻柱内高压泥浆作用在转子上表面,产生侧向波努力,阻止转子进行正常的开关动作,使得需要消耗更多的电池能量去驱动转子的开关,即控制电路不断试图打开关闭转子状态,能耗过大造成电池能量耗完。3技术改进3.1阀系结构改进阀系结构的改进有以下几方面:脉冲发生器的定子、转子倒置设计,降低了转子克服泥浆流量转动的驱动扭矩;改变转子结构以达到减少液体阻力的作用;脉冲驱动模块中的驱动轴直径改细,以减小加在轴

12、上的应力,提高驱动能力的目的;电子控制电路增加数字滤波功能,达到消除噪声的目的。改进后定子转子结构示意如图5所示 。图5改进后定子转子示意图3.2软件升级新改进的控制软件版本具有调整暂停功能以保护电池及伺服电机,即在脉冲器转子卡死时,调整三次,使其打开,若不成功,则终止调整让其在原位置等待下一个脉冲。4应用实例4.1大65-斜75井该井是一口常规定向井,设计使用MWD 进行随钻测量定向作业。钻至1989m 时,出现漏失,工程需要加堵漏剂,在漏失堵漏情况下,仪器正常工作至完钻井深2230m ;仪器在井底总循环时间:80h ,脉冲数:10376个。本井APS 旋转阀脉冲器无线测量系统使用情况正常,

13、没有任何故障现象,起钻检查阀系本体无冲刷。4.2草47斜315井该井设计造斜点:400m ,最大井斜:34.3,井底闭合方位:118.8,井底闭合距:369.79m ,本井表层套管下到200m ,二开井眼尺寸:9&3in (1in =25.4mm 。APS 旋转阀无线测量系统在该井共下井两次,全为工程需要,服务时间共计62h ,脉冲数:11725,定向施工顺利,起钻检查阀系本体无冲刷现象。5结束语1经技术改进后,同一套测量系统累计井下工作200h ,共发9万个脉冲,井下工作正常,起钻检查无冲蚀现象,满足了无线随钻测量系统现场技术要求。2该脉冲器阀系结构特性,适应范围较宽,使堵漏剂不影响仪器的正

14、常工作,而其它结构的脉冲发生器对堵漏剂有严格的限制。3现场应用中发现,APS 脉冲发生器依然存在电池能耗高的问题,因此,建议该系统由泥浆发电机供电,可解决能耗高的问题。总之,APS 脉冲发生器无线随钻测量系统在经过技术改进以后,在定向井、水平井的应用中发挥了一定的作用,尤其是该系统与螺杆钻具结合使用,采用复合钻进和滑动钻进相结合的方式,进行导向钻井技术,大大提高了钻井时效。该系统不仅能够满足现场应用需求,而且在钻井行业也有广泛的应用前景。参考文献1APS.Pulser System Manual.2004(资料2胡寿松.自动控制原理M .北京:国防工业出版社,19943英T. A.英格里斯,苏

15、义脑译.定向钻井M .北京:石油工业出版社,1995(收稿日期:2005-11-08编辑:梁保江23石油仪器PETROLEUM INSTRUMENTS 2006年04月tion ,pressure resistance ,and so on.The paper also introduces the characteristics and parameters of FS -stirred reac 2tor system for corrosion in high temperature and pressure ,and expounds the principle ,compositio

16、n ,design calculation for concrete parameters and process design.The system is well in material ,reasonable in design ,easy in operation and good in security.K ey Words :metal ,corrosion ,stirred reactor instrument for corrosion ,designHuang Chunhui ,Hu Jinhai ,Liu Xingbin ,Li Ying w ei and Luo Shuy

17、an.A ne w type of data acquisition and pro 2cessing module for the Dow nhole conductance correlation flo wmeter.PI ,2006,20(2:1617,20A novel type of data acquisition and processing module of the downhole conductance correlation flowmeter is intro 2duced.This real 2time module embedded in downhole to

18、ol can sample two 2path fluid flowing signals from the conductance sensor in real time ,calculate correlation function of these signals ,and finally transfer the transit time in the form of digital frequency to the surface logging device.The designs of hardware system and software system are introdu

19、ced.The dynam 2ic experiments indicate the module can be used to measure the flowrate of downhole oil 2water two 2phase flow fluid.The speeds of data acquisition ,processing and transmission are raised ,the ability of antijamming is enhanced ,and the reli 2ability of the tool is increased.K ey Words

20、 :flowrate measurement ,conductance ,cross 2correlation flowrate ,hybrid controllerWan Fangyin ,Zhang Cheng and Liu Hongliang.Design of an automatic measurement 2control system for oil 2field se w age disposal.PI ,2006,20(2:1820This paper introduces the general processing method for oilfield sewage

21、disposal ,expounds the system design ,structural model ,flowrate algorithm and control as well as channel design.On the foundation of original design ,the al 2gorithm of flowrate is improved by the aid of PI control algorithm instead of convention algorithm.Armming at the process for oilfield sewage

22、 disposal ,this paper gives the construction and model of the control system.K ey Words :sewage disposal ,control system ,process channelLi Meiyan and Chen Jixun.Design and Implementation of Calibration Board B ased on the Mud Hydrometer.PI ,2006,20(2:2123This paper introduces the principle of the M

23、ud Hydrometer ,emphatically analyzes the establishment of the math 2ematical models for the calibration board ,provides the solution and the standard test methods of the calibration board ,and then discusses its implementation.K ey Words :mud hydrometer ,calibration board ,mathematics model ,measure

24、ment accuracyLi Xin and Huang Qiang.Design and application of the soft w are for logging curve correlation processing.PI ,2006,20(2:2425This paper introduces the correlation principle of logging curves ,and expounds the software design for logging curve correlation processing ,and its application.K

25、ey Words :computerized logging system ,logging curve ,correlation system ,processing softwareMA Zhonghui ,Kong Z aojie and Chu Xiaoli.Application of the on 2line NIR Analyzer to Automatic G asoline Blending System.PI ,2006,20(2:2629The on 2line near Infrared (NIR analyzer can provide instantaneous m

26、ulti 2property analysis for gasoline blending components and finished gasoline ,such as octane number ,aromatics ,olefins ,benzene ,oxygenates ,and distillation points.This paper introduces the theory ,composition and characteristics of on 2line near infrared analyzer used to automatic gaso 2line bl

27、ending system ,and summarizes in detail the practical applications of the on 2line NIR analyzer in international and Chinese automatic gasoline blending system.S ome typical examples indicate this analyzer can bring enormous economic and social benefit to refineries.K ey Words :on 2line analysis ,NI

28、R ,gasoline blending ,octane numberLi Jun ,Ma Zhe ,Yang Jinzhou and H an Jianlai.A ne w wireless measurement system while drilling.PI ,2006,20(2:3032A new wireless measurement system while drilling ,i.e.APS rotary pulser MWD system is developed.Its valve sys 2tem structure is improved according to t

29、he problems occurring in field application ,with satisfactory field results.This pa 2PETROL EUM INSTRUMENTS Apr.2006per introduces the composition ,measurement principle and concrete implementation method for improving valve system structure and upgrading system software of the new MWD system.The ne

30、w MWD system has a wide future.K ey Words :measurement while drilling ,work principle ,rotary pulser ,control moduleWang Guofeng ,Chen Jiang ,Lin Xingchun ,Dong Jun ,Zhou Qiang ,Wang Mingcai ,Wang Xianjun and Ding Lixin.Combination of the repetition formation tester and CLS3700logging system.PI ,200

31、6,20(2:3334This paper introduces the technological innovation process ,including how to transform signals from the repetition formation tester to make them suitable for the requirements of acquisition ,processing and recording of C LS3700logging system.The innovation process will have successful exp

32、eriences of other similar tasks to go by.K ey Words :repetition formation tester ,3700logging system ,transformation ,connectionSong Jinhui.N et work connection of 408U L links.PI ,2006,20(2:3537408UL is a large 2capacity high 2resolution system designed by Sercel for land seismic data acquisition.I

33、ts strong network telemetry function provides extreme flexibility for field equipment connection.This paper introduces several ex 2amples how to use links in the areal network.K ey Words :acquisition links ,Detour ,Marker ,FDUST ang Jun and Wu Jie.Study on the eccentric geometric factor and time del

34、ay effect of array induction logging.PI ,2006,20(2:3840Based on the derivation of the eccentric geometrical factor of array induction and its numerical computation ,the fea 2tures of Doll eccentric geometric factor are analyzed ,and the influence of coil spacing and conductivity on the eccentric geo

35、metric factor with the time delay effect is discussed.C ompared the center geometrical factor ,the eccentricity will generate high borehole effect.The long coil spacing and high formation conductivity enhance the time delay effect.The real part of signal will decreases and its imaginary will increas

36、es.These results can be applied to the fast borehole cor 2rection and explanation of the abnormal borehole effect.K ey Words :array induction logging ,eccentric geometric factor ,time delay effectXue Guoqiang ,Li Yong and Yang Jingdong.Application of the transient electromagnetic method to highw ay

37、en 2gineering exploration.PI ,2006,20(2:4143In order to explore whether there are cavities or not underground ,highway bridge site is detected by using overlap loop transient electromagnetic method.During working ,suitable configuration is used.In combination with two 2dimen 2sion geo 2electric mode

38、l forward calculation results ,field data is processed and interpreted.Underground cavities are found out according to the interpreted result.The exploration conclusion has been proved by drilling data.K ey Words :transient electromagnetic method ,underground cavity ,engineering explorationChen Linyuan and Fu Hui.Quick determination of outlet pressures of the gas injection compressor.PI ,2006,20(2:4445,48The outlet pressure of the compressor is one of important performance indexes ,the routine determination method for the outlet pressure of the compressor is to