高考英语语法之-词法误用详细分析人

1、文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！ 高考英语语法之词法各类误用解说一、冠词误用辨析1.中文：她在弹钢琴。 (误)She was playing piano. (正)She was playing the piano.（演奏乐器，如piano，violin，乐器前面要加定冠词the。）2.中文：孩子们每天早上去上学。 (误)The children go to the school every morning. (正)The children go to school every morning.（go to school是习惯用语，不加the。）3.中文：她有一头秀发。 (误)Sh

2、e has a beautiful hair. (正)She has beautiful hair.（hair指头发的整体，是不可数名词，前面不加a。）4.中文：她喜欢看电视。 (误)She likes to watch the TV. (正)She likes to watch TV.（看电视，习惯上TV前不加the。）5.中文：她在房间里听广播。 (误)She was listening to radio in the room. (正)She was listening to the radio in the room.（听广播，习惯上radio前面加the。）6.中文：尼罗河是埃及最长

3、的河。 (误)Nile River is the longest river in Egypt. (正)The Nile River is the longest river in Egypt.（在河流，山脉等名称前要用定冠词。）7.中文：天气不错。 (误)It's a nice weather. (正)It is nice weather.（weather是不可数名词，前面不加a。）8.中文：下星期再见。 (误)See you again the next week. (正)See you again next week.（next week表示将来；the next week表示过

4、去。）9.中文：历史是很有趣的学科。 (误)The history is a very interesting subject. (正)History is a very interesting subject.（学科前一般不加冠词。）10.中文：他乘火车来这里。 (误)He came here by a train. (正)He came here by train.（by后接交通工具，中间不加冠词。）11.中文：今晚你可以看到满月。 (误)You may see the full moon tonight. (正)You may see a full moon tonight.（月亮，太阳

5、等独一无二的物体，当有形容词修饰时可加a。）12.中文：她刚才去了保罗街。 (误)She went to the Paul Street just now. (正)She went to Paul Street just now.（街道名称前一般不加the。）13.中文：连孩子都会做它。 (误)Even child can do it. (正)Even a child can do it.（不定冠词单数名词表示某类人或物。）二、名词误用辨析1.中文：我买了两条裤子。 (误)I bought two trousers. (正)I bought two pairs of trousers.（gla

6、sses，shoes，trousers，spectacles，scissors，stockings等表示由两个部分合成的字习惯用复数，在表示一(两)条，把，双时，用a pair of，two pairs of等修饰。）2.中文：他是我最好的朋友之一。 (误)He is one of my best friend. (正)He is one of my best friends.（one of后要接可数名词的复数形式。）3.中文：动物是人类的朋友。 (误)Animals are men's friends. (正)Animals are man's friends.（用单数的ma

7、n表示人类。）4.中文：这是一则好消息。 (误)This is a good news. (正)This is a piece of good news.（表示chalk，music，advice，cloth，meat，news等不可数名词的单一数量用a piece of修饰。）5.中文：你愿意跟我交朋友吗？ (误)Will you make a friend with me? (正)Will you make friends with me?（和某人交朋友用friend的复数形式。）6.中文：我有太多功课要做。 (误)I have too many homework to do. (正)I

8、have too much homework to do.（homework，work，housework等不可数名词用much修饰。）7.中文：英语电视怎么说？ (误)What's English for 电视? (正)What's the English for 电视?（英语作为学科或语言时不加the；用作特指时加the。）8.中文：班一家人要搬往伦敦。 (误)The Ben's are going to move to London. (正)The Bens are going to move to London.（the Ben's表示the Ben&#

9、39;s house；the Bens表示Ben一家人。）三、代词误用辨析1.中文：伦敦的夏天比我家乡的夏天更热。 (误)London is much hotter in summer than my hometown. (正)It is much hotter in London in summer than in my hometown.（用it代表气候，天气等。）2.中文：他的书跟我的很不一样。 (误)His book is quite different from me. (正)His book is quite different from mine.（mine = my book，

10、应保持比较的双方性质的一致。）3.中文：我有件重要的事告诉你。 (误)I have important something to tell you. (正)I have something important to tell you.（修饰something，nothing，anything等不定代词时，形容词应放在其后。）4.中文：每个学生都应该做他自己的功课。 (误)Every student should do their own homework. (正)Every student should do his own homework.（every student是单数，其后的代词也用

11、单数。）5.中文：我喜欢收到别人的来信，但不愿意写信。 (误)I like to receive letters but do not like to write it. (正)I like to receive letters but do not like to write them.（代词的人称与数应与它代替的名词相同。）6.中文：孩子们和他都还没有吃晚餐。 (误)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten their supper. (正)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten his supper

12、.（neither.nor是对等相关连词，nor后面的主语决定后面的谓语动词及代词的形式。）7.中文：布朗太太向她的朋友玛丽和我打招呼。 (误)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends, Mary and I. (正)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends, Mary and me.（Mary and me是宾语friends的同位语，因此用宾格形式。）8.中文：我的两个姊姊都不在这。 (误)None of my two sisters is here. (正)Neither of my two sisters is here.

13、（neither用于两者的否定；none用于三者以上的否定。）9.中文：他认识我的两个姊姊。 (误)He knows my both sisters. (正)He knows both my sisters.（both用在the，his，my等修饰语之前。）10.中文：这本书的价格是多少？ (误)How much is the price of the book? (正)What is the price of the book?（对价格提问用what，没有price一词时用how much。）11.中文：我有一本新字典还有几本旧的。 (误)I have a new dictionary an

14、d several old one. (正)I have a new dictionary and several old ones.（代替前面提到过的可数名词，复数要用ones。）12.中文：安迪，保罗和我共唱一首歌。 (误)I, Andy and Paul sang a song together. (正)Andy, Paul and I sang a song together.（有多个主语或宾语时，I或me在最后。）13.中文：他们很了解我们中国人。 (误)They know our Chinese well. (正)They know us Chinese well.（Chinese

15、为宾语us的同位语。）14.中文：说好英语不容易。 (误)That is not easy to speak good English. (正)It is not easy to speak good English.（it当形式主语，代替不定式。）四、形容词级的误用辨析1.中文：他是两者中较高的。 (误)He is taller of the two. (正)He is the taller of the two.（比较级of the two，前面要加the。）2.中文：汤姆是我们学校里最年轻的。 (误)Tom is youngest in our school. (正)Tom is the

16、 youngest in our school.（形容词的最高级前面要加the。）3.中文：他是所有人中最强壮的。 (误)He is the strongest in all. (正)He is the strongest of all.（在同类中最的，用介词of。）4.中文：我的房子跟约翰的一样大。 (误)My house is so large as John's. (正)My house is as large as John's.（肯定形式用as原级形容词as主格。）5.中文：汤姆比我年轻。 (误)Tom is less older than I am. (正)Tom

17、is less old than I am.（less原级形容词than。）6.中文：他是班上个子最高的。 (误)He is taller than any boy in his class. (正)He is taller than any other boy in his class.（使用比较级时，应避免与自己比，any boy包括他自己。）7.中文：事态每况愈下。 (误)Things go from worse to worse. (正)Things go from bad to worse.（from bad to worse = 每况愈下，越来越糟。）8.中文：多数人喜爱音乐。 (

18、误)The most people are fond of music. (正)Most people are fond of music.（Most泛指大多数，前面不加the。）9.中文：他至少遗失了一万元。 (误)He has lost not fewer than ten thousand dollars. (正)He has lost not less than ten thousand dollars.（not less than=more than，at least，表示至少。）10.中文：他们听得越久，就越不喜欢他。 (误)The longer they listen to hi

19、m, the little they like him. (正)The longer they listen to him, the less they like him.（the比较级，the比较级表示两者的同步增长。）五、副词误用辨析1.中文：这块石头太大了没人能举起它。 (误)Here is a so big stone that no one can lift it. (正)Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（so是副词，修饰形容词，形式是so形容词a单数可数名词。）2.中文：这花多美啊! (误)What beautiful

20、the flower is! (正)How beautiful the flower is!（how用来修饰副词或形容词，而what用来修饰名词。）3.中文：这工作永远不会被完成。 (误)This job will be never finished. (正)This job will never be finished.（频率副词在第一个助动词后。）4.中文：我的弟弟比我高多了。 (误)My brother is very taller than I. (正)My brother is much taller than I.（very不能修饰比较级；much可以修饰比较级。）5.中文：我想我

21、七点会在餐厅里见到她。 (误)I think I'll meet her at 7:00 at the restaurant. (正)I think I'll meet her at the restaurant at 7:00.（地方副词在时间副词前。）6.中文：这房间对你够大的。 (误)This room is enough large for you. (正)This room is large enough for you.（enough作副词，在被修饰的形容词后。）7.中文：我也不能做它。 (误)I cannot do it too. (正)I cannot do i

22、t either.（either用于否定句；too用于肯定句。）8.中文：他每天早起。 (误)He gets up early everyday. (正)He gets up early every day.（every day是时间副词；everyday是形容词。）9.中文：我要下楼去。 (误)I'm going to downstairs. (正)I'm going downstairs.（downstairs是副词，前面不加介词。）10.中文：你的故事很有趣。 (误)Your story is the most interesting. (正)Your story is

23、most interesting.（most不用于比较，而用作加强语气，不加the。）11.中文：我两年前见过他。 (误)I met him two years before. (正)I met him two years ago.（表示一段时间以前，ago用于一般过去时；before用于过去完成时。）12.中文：他们昨天晚上回来得晚。 (误)They came back lately last night. (正)They came back late last night.（lately(最近)，late(晚，迟)，都是副词。）六、所有格误用辨析1.中文：你做完功课了吗？ (误)Have

24、you done homework? (正)Have you done your homework?（表示做功课用do one's homework。）2.中文：那些是我们老师的一些书。 (误)Those are some books of our teacher. (正)Those are some books of our teacher's.（应用双重所有格形式。）3.中文：这是我弟弟约翰的书。 (误)This is my brother John book. (正)This is my brother John's book.（John是brother的同位语，

25、John的书用John's book。）4.中文：警察抓住了他的胳膊。 (误)The policemen caught him by his arm. (正)The policemen caught him by the arm.（抓住身上某个部位用the，不用代词的所有格。）5.中文：一个十岁的孩子 (误)a ten years old child (误)a child of ten year old (误)a ten year old child (误)a ten-years-old child (正)a ten-year-old child七、助动词误用辨析1.中文：我习惯于早起

26、。 (误)I am used to get up early. (正)I am used to getting up early.（get，become或be used to中的to是介词，后接动名词。）2.中文：他过去常常在星期天来约我。 (误)He used to calling on me on Sundays. (正)He used to call on me on Sundays.（used to原形动词，表示过去常常。）3.中文：A：我必须去吗？B：不，你不必了。 (误)A: Must I go? B: No, you mustn't. (正)A: Must I go? B

27、: No, you needn't.（mustn't表示不许，needn't表示不必，以MUST开始的一般疑问句，否定回答用needn't。）4.中文：我今天下午想和你一起去游泳。 (误)I will like to go swimming with you this afternoon. (正)I would like to go swimming with you this afternoon.（would like是习惯搭配，后接不定式，表示愿意做某事。）5.中文：他前天可能说这些吗？ (误)Must he have said so the day bef

28、ore yesterday?（MUST用于推测时表示一定，准是，只用于肯定句。） (正)Can he have said so the day before yesterday?（CAN用于怀疑，推测时表示可能，用于疑问句和否定句。）八、时态误用辨析1.中文：他在许多年前去过欧洲。 (误)He had been to Europe many years ago. (正)He went to Europe many years ago.（在上下文没有同过去某时或某个动作相比较而表示过去的意思，不可用过去完成时，而要用一般过去时。）2.中文：她穿着蓝色上衣，看上去很可爱。 (误)She was w

29、earing a blue dress and was looking very pretty. (正)She was wearing a blue dress and looked very pretty.（表示看上去的look是系动词，不用进行时。）3.中文：我去看他们的时候他们在吃晚餐。 (误)They had supper when I went to see them. (正)They were having supper when I went to see them.（他们在吃晚餐是在过去我去看他们的时间某一点上正进行的动作，应用过去进行时。）4.中文：她两个月前去澳洲了，她许多

30、年前到过那里。 (误)She went to Australia two months ago. She has been there many years before. (正)She went to Australia two months ago. She had been there many years before.（many years before是从过去的某时之前算起的，表示过去的过去，要和过去完成时连用。）5.中文：他们问发生什么事了。 (误)They asked what happened. (正)They asked what had happened.（主句是一般过去

31、时，从句的动作发生在它之前，用过去完成时。）6.中文：从战争开始时他就一直在那里工作。 (误)He has worked there since the war has begun. (正)He has worked there since the war began.（since引导的从句表示过去的某时间点，应用一般过去时。）7.中文：昨晚我写了一封信，今晨寄出了。 (误)I was writing a letter yesterday evening and posted it this morning. (正)I wrote a letter yesterday evening and

32、posted it this morning.（进行时表示进行，一般过去时表示完成，所以应用 wrote。）8.中文：他去年离开家我就一直没有见过他。 (误)He left home last year and I did not see him since. (正)He left home last year and I haven't seen him since.（since后面省去的是he left home last year，前面的句子要用完成时。）九、被动语态误用辨析1.中文：他们结婚两年了。 (误)They have married for two years. (正)

33、They have been married for two years.（表示已婚状态的持续，要用完成时的被动式。）2.中文：他被所有学生嘲笑。 (误)He was laughed by all the pupils. (正)He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物动词介词=及物动词，变被动语态时介词不能省略。）3.中文：英语难学。 (误)English is difficult to be learned. (正)English is difficult to learn.（英语难学=学英语难，也可说It's difficult to lea

34、rn English。原句的主语实际上是不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式要用主动形式。）4.中文：汤姆问我这些岛屿是否属于美国。 (误)Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America. (正)Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.5.中文：中国发生了很大变化。 (误)Great changes have been taken place in China. (正)Great changes have taken place in China.6.中文：战争于一九三七年爆发。 (误)

35、The war was broken out in 1937. (正)The war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物动词或短语动词没有被动语态形式。）7.中文：我看不清黑板。也许你需要检查你的眼睛。 (误)I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes. (正)I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have you

36、r eyes examined.（表示使某物被别人，通常使用have或get物过去分词表示。）8.中文：他命令马上开始工作。 (误)He ordered the work to start at once. (正)He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作宾语补语时，若与宾语是被动关系，要用不定式的被动形式。）9.中文：他试图不介入政治。 (误)He tried not to have mixed up in politics. (正)He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系动词，可代替b

37、e，后接过去分词表示被动，have无此功能。）10.中文：据说他很富有。 (误)They say him to have been rich. (正)He is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被动语态后可接不定式。）11.中文：那人被认为是个傻子。 (误)The man thought to be a fool. (正)The man was thought to be a fool.（主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者，用被动语态。）十、介词误用辨析1.中文：琼斯先生住在皇后街十号。 (误)Mr. Jones lives on 10 Queen St

38、reet. (正)Mr. Jones lives at 10 Queen Street.（at门牌号，on街道名称；两者同时出现以门牌号码为准。）2.中文：他喜欢在太阳下坐着。 (误)He likes to sit under the sun. (正)He likes to sit in the sun.（在太阳下用介词in。）3.中文：面包是由麦子制成的。 (误)Bread is made of wheat. (正)Bread is made from wheat.（由制成，of用于成品保持原有性质；from用于成品不再保持原有性质。）4.中文：每个人都知道他。 (误)He is known

39、 by everyone. (正)He is known to everyone.（be known to是习惯用法，表示为所熟知。）5.中文：我们有麻烦。 (误)We are with trouble. (正)We are in trouble.（有麻烦用in trouble。）6.中文：他将于七月五日去美国。 (误)He will go to America in July 5. (正)He will go to America on July 5.（on与某一天连用。）7.中文：他将于七月五日去美国。 (误)He left home in the morning of 11th. (正)

40、He left home on the morning of 11th.（morning和某日连用时用on。）8.中文：他将于七月五日去美国。 (误)He was angry with what I said. (正)He was angry at what I said.（表示因某事生气介词用at或about，对某人生气用with。）9.中文：他藏在一棵树后。 (误)He hid himself after a tree. (正)He hid himself behind a tree.（after表顺序，behind表位置。）10.中文：在老师的帮助下你会通过考试。 (误)You may

41、pass the exam under the help of the teacher. (正)You may pass the exam with the help of the teacher.（在某人的帮助下用with。）11.中文：我父亲对我说玩火危险。 (误)My father said to me that it was dangerous to play fire. (正)My father said to me that it was dangerous to play with fire.（play后接运动，球类比赛时是及物动词；后接玩的东西时是不及物动词，与with连用。）

42、12.中文：你真的看见那个年轻人打我弟弟的脸了吗？ (误)Did you really see the young man hit my brother on the face? (正)Did you really see the young man hit my brother in the face?（打在脸上用in the face；打在鼻子上用on the nose。）13.中文：就她的年龄而言，她看上去很年轻。 (误)She looks quite young in her age. (正)She looks quite young for her age.（for表示就而论，相当于

43、considering。）14.中文：在夜晚很安静。 (误)It is quiet at the night. (正)It is quiet at night.（表示在夜晚用at night或in the night。）十一、连词误用辨析1.中文：他既不说英语也不说法语。 (误)He neither speaks English nor French. (正)He speaks neither English nor French.（eitheror，not onlybut also等对等相关连词所连接的部份应是相同词性或起相同作用。）2.中文：由于今天感觉不适，我决定待在家里。 (误)For

44、 I did not feel well today, decided to stay at home. (正)I decided to stay at home for I did not feel well today.（对等连词for连接两个对等的句子时不可放在句首。）3.中文：不是你错了就是我错了。 (误)Either you or I are wrong. (正)Either you or I am wrong.（在含有eitheror的句子中，谓语动词的数由较近的主语决定。）4.中文：虽然他很富有，但他并不快乐。 (误)Although he is very rich, but h

45、e is not happy. (正)Although he is very rich, he is not happy.（though或although放在字句首时，本身就具有虽然但是的意思，不可和but连用。）5.中文：我从来没有去过伦敦和巴黎。 (误)I have never been to London and Paris. (正)I have never been to London or Paris.（在否定句中，对等连词一般不用and，而用or。）6.中文：他向我道歉我才跟他说话。 (误)I shall speak to him until he apologizes. (正)I

46、 shan't speak to him until he apologizes.（notuntil表示到时候才，在此句中speak的动作要等到他道歉时才发生。）7.中文：因为我想学英语，所以我买了一本字典。 (误)Because I wanted to learn English, so I bought a dictionary. (正)Because I wanted to learn English, I bought a dictionary.（because本身就具有因为所以的意思，不可再和so连用。）十二、不定式误用辨析1.中文：为了准时，我们加快了步伐。 (误)So a

47、s to be in time we hurried. (正)In order to be in time we hurried.（so as to只可放在句中，in order to可放在句首或句中。）2.中文：你说这些话真傻。 (误)It's very foolish for you to say so. (正)It's very foolish of you to say so.（表示评价的形容词被带逻辑主语的不定式修饰时，介词要用of。）3.中文：你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗？ (误)Didn't you ask them to never do that?

48、 (正)Didn't you ask them never to do that?（never要放在to之前。）4.中文：你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗？ (误)Here is a new book for you to read it. (正)Here is a new book for you to read.（作形容词用法的带逻辑主语的不定式for you to read的宾语，实际上就是它所修饰的new book，其后不可再加宾语。）5.中文：他够年龄，可以上学了。 (误)He is old enough so that he can go to school. (正)He

49、is old enough to go to school.（形容词enough不定式表示足够而可。）6.中文：他太好了，寄给我许多书。 (误)He was so good to send me a lot of books. (正)He was so good as to send me a lot of books.（so.as to表示如此以致。）7.中文：你最好不要在下雨天出去。 (误)You had better not to go out in the rain. (正)You had better not go out in the rain.（had better(not)后接

50、原形不定式。）8.中文：你喜欢听别人谈话吗？ (误)Do you like listening to others to talk? (正)Do you like listening to others talk?（感官动词或使役动词的宾语补语用原形不定式。）十三、分词误用辨析1.中文：他理发了。 (误)He had his hair to be cut. (正)He had his hair cut.（have，get宾语过去分词表示使被。）2.中文：他喜欢喝凉开水。 (误)He likes to drink boiling water. (正)He likes to drink boile

51、d water.（现在分词表示主动，boiling water指正在沸腾的水；过去分词表示完成，boiled water指沸腾过的水。）3.中文：由于做饭，他看上去累了。 (误)He looked tiring with cooking. (正)He looked tired with cooking.（tiring表示令人疲倦的，tired表示人被弄疲倦了。）4.中文：我不能让别人明白我的意思。 (误)I couldn't make myself understand. (正)I couldn't make myself understood.（过去分词表示被动，make m

52、yself understood表示使我被别人明白。）5.中文：昨天早上我上学时见到了我的一个朋友。 (误)I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend of mine. (正)Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend of mine.（前一句如作时间从句缺连词，后一句分词构句表时间。）6.中文：假期结束了，约翰返回了学校。 (误)The vacation was over, John returned to school. (正)The vacation bei

53、ng over, John returned to school.（前一句如作时间从句缺连词，后一句独立分词构句表时间。）7.中文：戴帽子的工人躺在地上。 (误)The workman worn a hat is lying on the ground. (正)The workman wearing a hat is lying on the ground.（带帽子是主动行动，要用现在分词wearing a hat表示。）8.中文：小女孩站在那里哭了。 (误)The little girl stood there cried. (正)The little girl stood there cr

54、ying.（哭是主语the little girl发出的行动，要用现在分词crying表示。）9.中文：天气好，我们今天要去郊游。 (误)Being fine, we'll go outing today. (正)It being fine, we'll go outing today.（前一句错在分词构句所表示的动作不是主句的主语发出的；后一句加上表示气候的It作逻辑主语，构成独立分词构句表原因。）十四、动名词误用辨析1.中文：我把给她打过电话的事全忘了。 (误)I forgot all about to telephone her. (正)I forgot all abou

55、t telephoning her.（介词后不能接不定式，只能接动名词。）2.中文：你介意我在这里吸烟吗？ (误)Would you mind for my smoking here? (正)Would you mind my smoking here?（在前一句中mind后可接me for smoking here，表示相同的意思。）3.中文：史密斯一家在考虑搬往芝加哥。 (误)The Smiths are considering to move to Chicago. (正)The Smiths are considering moving to Chicago.（consider后不能接

56、不定式，要接动名词。）4.中文：我习惯于去海滩。 (误)I am used to go to the beach. (正)I am used to going to the beach.（be used to中的to是介词，后接动名词；used to后接原形动词。）十五、虚拟语气误用辨析1.中文：我要是你，我不会那么做。 (误)I shouldn't do that if I was you. (正)I shouldn't do that if I were you.（表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不能用was，只能用were。）2.中文：要是我父亲现在在这里，他会告诉我该做什么。 (误)If my fa