名词性从句讲解

1、在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、主语、宾语、表语和同位语宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，由一个句子来充当, 这个句这个句子就叫名词性从句。子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause) What attracts people to California is

2、 its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle. This is why each year a great number of people from all over the world try to immigrate to California. However, most applicants know that they have very little chance of getting a visa.What role does the underlined sentences play?1. 宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用

3、宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以可以作作_或或 _的宾语。的宾语。连词连词连接代词连接代词 who, 连接副词连接副词动词动词 v介词介词 prepthat, if, whether;whose, what, which; when, where, how, why 等。等。1)I think _women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.2) I wonder _she remembered how many babies she had delivered.3) It all depends (on)

4、_they will support us.4) He doesnt know _to stay or not.5) We didnt know_ or not she was ready.(that)whether/ifwhetherwhether whether1. She said that she has never told a lie. had never told2 Our teacher told us that the earth went around the sun. goes 宾语从句的时态：主句谓语为一般过去宾语从句的时态：主句谓语为一般过去时，从句应用时，从句应用相

5、应的过去时态相应的过去时态，除非从，除非从句的内容为句的内容为客观真理客观真理Correct the following sentences1. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.2. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. (should) go(should) goQ：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？注意注意虚拟语气虚拟语气的使用！的使用！Correct the following sentencessuggest, advise, order,

6、 demand, require, request, insist等等 ” I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.it表语从句表语从句:在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句.连词连词 that，whether连接代词连接代词 who，what，which，whoever，whatever, whichever，连接副词连接副词 when，where，why，how 等等此外还有：此外还有：because，as if/ as though1. The chance is _

7、one smoker in four will die from smoking.2. The question is _he will turn up in time. 连接词连接词whetherwhether“是否、究竟、到底是否、究竟、到底” （ifif不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句) ) 在句中也不作任何成分。在句中也不作任何成分。3. the reason why.is/was thatThe reason why he was late was that he didnt catch the early bus. thatwhether3. 主语从句主语从句做主语用的名词性从句做

8、主语用的名词性从句, 因其在复合句因其在复合句中做主语中做主语, 又称主语从句又称主语从句, 连词连词 that, whether, 连接代词连接代词 who, what, which, whoever，whatever, whichever连接副词连接副词 when, where, how, why 等。等。 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词从属连词that that That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都

9、要加上从属连词属连词thatthat(2) (2) 从属连词从属连词whether whether Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.注意：注意：主语从句表示主语从句表示“是否是否”只用只用 whether 而不用而不用 if(3) 连接代词连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词连接副词 where, when, how, why.用用it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(1) It is名词从句名词从句 It is a f

10、act that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识是常识(2) It is形容词从句形容词从句 (多用多用 should) It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是主语从句有时用主语从句有时用“it”it”作形式主语，把真正作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。(3) It 不及物动词从句不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 I

11、t appears that 似乎似乎(4) It +be 过去分词从句过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 4. 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句同位语从句属于名词性从句, 大多由大多由从属从属连词连词 that 引导引导, 常常跟在常常跟在fact, news, idea,thought, question, reply, report, remark,hope, belief 等名词后面。同位语从句一等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些

12、名词的具体含义般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容或内容, 在逻辑上表现为同位关系。在逻辑上表现为同位关系。They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.Where did you get the idea that I could not come?The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.1. 名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序 (陈述句语序陈述句语序)；2. 几对重要关连词的区别几对重要关连

13、词的区别: whetherif, whatthat, whatwhatever, whowhoever, etc;3. it 用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句 或宾语从句；或宾语从句；4. 根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。高考考查热点高考考查热点 1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I

14、 dont know _ he is well or not.5. The question is _ he should do it.6. I dont know _ to go. 7._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.if / whetherWhetherwhetherwhether whetherwhetherIf（ 一）一）if / whetherWhetherIfABCDAA. 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句, 位于及物动词后位于及物动词后B. 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句, 位于介词后位于介词后C. 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句, 与

15、不定式或与不定式或or not连用连用D. 引导表语从句引导表语从句, 主语从句或同位语从句主语从句或同位语从句（二）（二）that / what1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.China is no longer_ it was ten years ago.5.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.6. I have no doubt _ he will come.7.

16、I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatthatwhat （二）（二）that 和和what 的选用的选用that 和和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中词性从句中充当成分充当成分，可做从句的，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语主语、宾语、或表语。而。而that在名词性在名词性从句中从句中不充当任何成分不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。，只起连接作用。 所引导的所引导的 从句中是否从句中是否 缺主语、缺主语、 表语或宾语表语或宾

17、语汉语意义汉语意义能否省略能否省略Whatthat缺缺不缺不缺什么什么; 所所的东西、事情的东西、事情无意义无意义否否宾语从句宾语从句中能省中能省略略（三）what, whatever, who, whoever 1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2. _we need is more time. 3._ made the long distance call to him is not important. 4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoever3.Whatever a

18、nd whoever Whateveranything that Whoeveranyone who 不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.名词性从句名词性从句让步状语从句让步状语从句who whoeverwhatwhatever表示表示“谁谁”表示表示“的任的任何人何人”表表“什么，所什么，所的东西、事的东西、事情情”表表“的任何的任何东西东西”/表表“不论谁不论谁”/表表“无论什么无论

19、什么”4)常见的常见的 it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构It is a fact that he won the match.It is necessary that we study English well.It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.It seemed that he would come here.基本句型结构基本句型结构常用词语常用词语It is + 名词名词 +that 从句从句It is + 形容词形容词 + that 从句从句It is + 过去分词过去分词 + that 从句从句It +

20、 不及物动词不及物动词 + that 从句从句It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/good news/thatIt is necessary/strange/important/possible/likely/that这类主语从这类主语从句中，谓语动词常为句中，谓语动词常为(should)+动词动词原形原形It is said/reported/decided/known/thatIt seems/happens/doesntmatter/has turned out/that4)常见的常见的 it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构1. I have a

21、lways been honest and straight forward, and it doesnt matter _ that Im talking to. (2004年广东省卷年广东省卷) A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 高考链接高考链接B 【解析【解析】这个句子是一个由这个句子是一个由and连接的并连接的并列句。列句。and后是一个含有主语从句的结构后是一个含有主语从句的结构, 其主句部分是其主句部分是 it doesnt matter, 主语从句主语从句则是则是who it is that Im talki

22、ng to。而在主。而在主语从句中语从句中, 又有一个定语从句又有一个定语从句, 修饰修饰who。who既是一个引导词，也在既是一个引导词，也在 it is 中作表语。中作表语。如果再细一点如果再细一点, 说说who是是(talking) to的介词的介词宾语也可以。宾语也可以。 2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how 【解析【解析】主语从句中缺少

23、做主语的成分主语从句中缺少做主语的成分, 故选故选 C。C 3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春季上海春季)A. What; because B. What; thatC. That; what D. That; because【解析】【解析】what 在此作连接代词在此作连接代词, 引导主语从句，引导主语从句， 并在从句中作主语。并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时引导主语从句时, 只起引导作用只起引导作用,

24、不作任何成分。不作任何成分。B 4. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants. (2002上海春季上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that 【解析】这是一个宾语从句，【解析】这是一个宾语从句，wants后面缺少宾后面缺少宾 语，语，Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语，意思是是一句谚语，意思是“永远给予他人

25、他永远给予他人他确实想要的东西确实想要的东西”。故答案为。故答案为A。A 5. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? - Oh, thats_. (2003北京春季北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 【解析【解析】这是由这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，引导的一个表语从句， 在从句中充当主语在从句中充当主语, 这句话的意思为这句话的意思为: 那是使

26、我感到兴奋的事。故答案为那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。A 6. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET 1999) A. why B. when C. what D. where 【解析【解析】这是一个由这是一个由why引导的表语从句，引导的表语从句， 表示原因。这句话的意思是表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你离这就是你离开的原因吗开的原因吗?”。故答案为。故答案为A。A 7. He made another wonderful discovery, _ o

27、f great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is【解析】答案【解析】答案A。该题考查定语从句中加入。该题考查定语从句中加入插入语的用法插入语的用法, 因插入语应位于引导词之后，因插入语应位于引导词之后，所以所以 D 项不对项不对, B、C 两项无法构成正确结构。两项无法构成正确结构。A Exercises1. -I will take an umbrella with me today. -_ it rains lat

28、er on in the day? A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 2. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A.which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that DB3. After ten years, she changed a lot and look different from _ she used to be. A. that B. whom C. wha

29、t D. who CFor more exercises, click here.高考链接高考链接 - 20101. (10福建福建35) We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely.A. thatB. whichC. what D. whether2. (10湖南湖南35) Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she

30、was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why CD3. (10天津天津14) As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which 4. (10北京北京33) _ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. HowBB5. (10浙江浙江1) How

31、about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, _ you want. A.whichever B. however C. whateverD. whoever6. (10浙江浙江9) It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whetherCB高考链接高考链接 - 20091. (09安徽安徽32) _ a

32、certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains 2. (09湖南湖南28) She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever DC3. (09江西江西33) The fact has wor

33、ried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B. which C. that D. though4. (09海南海南24) Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please?B. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever CC1. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt _ the season. (2008全国全国I卷卷) A. whateverB. wherever C. wheneverD. however2. Students are always interested in finding out _ they can go with a new teacher. (2008安徽卷安徽卷) A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long高考链接高考