定语从句讲解及练习(共8页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上定语从句定语从句引导词的基本用法综述指代成分是否可省略关系代词that指认；指物主语；宾语；表语作宾语时可省略which指物；指主句全部或部分内容主语；宾语；表语作宾语时可省略who指人主语；宾语（非正式用法）；表语作宾语时可省略whom指人宾语作宾语时可省略whose指人；指物定语不可省略as指物；指一句话内容主语；宾语，表语，定语不可省略关系副词when指时间时间状语不可省略where指地点地点状语不可省略why指原因原因状语不可省略如何正确选择定语从句的引导词根据定语从句引导词的基本用法选择定语从句的引导词：判断先行词及先行词的具体内容（指人、指物、地点或时间）

2、。判断引导词在定语从句中的成分作用。如果在从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词that,which, who, whom；如果在从句中作状语（地点、时间、原因），则用关系副词where，when，why；如果在定语从句中作定语，则用whose。在非限制性定语从句中不能用that。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句标志主句与从句之间没有逗号主句与从句之间用逗号隔开关系词that,which, who, whom，where，when，why，whosewhich, who, whom，where，when，whose关系词省略与否1.关系词作宾语时可省可不省。2.关系

3、副词作主语，定语和状语时不可省，关系词作任何成分都不可省。1.关系副词where，when和why引导的定语从句关系副词when引导的定语从句当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词且关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语时，关系词用when，也可以用介词+which来代替when。I will never forget the day when (on which) I went to university.关系词在定语从句中不作状语时，不能用when。Those were the days (that/which) I spent in the countryside.关系副词where引导的定语

4、从句当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词且关系词在定语从句中充当状语时，用where引导定语从句，也可以用介词+which来代替where。This is the factory where (in which) he works.当关系词在从句中不作地点状语时不能用where。They work in a factory that/which makes radio parts.关系副词why引导的定语从句。当先行词是表示原因的名词reason且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词我why引导，此时的定语从句说明先行词的内容。也可以用for reason代替why。Do you

5、 know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine.当先行词是reason，但关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词which/that.The teacher believed the reason (that/which) he gave for his being late.2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句介词后的定语从句引导词不用that，指物一般用which；指人一般用whom，常用“介词+which/whom”结构，其中介词的选择是有一定规律的。根据和定语从句中谓语动词的搭配关系选择介词。eg: Can

6、 you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?根据介词和定语从句的先行词的搭配关系选择介词。许多名词通常要和一定的介词搭配，当which和whom指代这些名词时，其前就用相应的介词。eg：It was a prison from which no one escaped.根据介词和定语从句句末形容词的搭配关系选择介词。有些形容词常和一定的介词搭配。如：be familiar with, be polite to, be proud of, be pleased with等。当这些短语位于句末而which或whom又是介词的

7、宾语时，介词常移至which或whom之前。eg：Mount Li, for which Lintong is famous, is a beautiful place.根据主句和定语从句的逻辑关系选用介词。eg：Chaplin went to the United States in 1910, by which time he had learned to dance and act in comedies.”名词/代词+介词of+关系代词（which/whom）”多用于表示整体中的一部分，此结构一般用于非限制性定语从句。eg：This is the newly-built house,

8、the windows of which (=whose windows ) face the south.练习1. Im sorry not to have replied to your letter early, _ I apologize. A. which B. for which C. to which D. Whom2. William shows some challenging means _ diners at their mystery lunch on Sunday might eat the special dish. A. after which B. in whi

9、ch C. by which D. for which3. Nowadays some people tend to take pride in doing things _ they should feel ashamed . A. by which B. of which C. in which D. from which4. There are two rooms in the apartment, _ serves as a kitchen. A. the smaller of them B. the smallest of which C. the smaller of which

10、D. smallest of which5. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. Which6. April Fools Day is a traditional festival _ people can play tricks on others. A. which B. where C.that D.when 7. I would choose to live in the place _ the sun shines all

11、 year along. A. that B. when C. which D. Where8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live. A.what B. which C.when D.where9. The reason _ he missed this class is clear now. A. Which B. Where C. When D. why. as引导的定语从句1. as 作为关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可做主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same .as.

12、, such.as.,as.as.等句型中，as不能省略。Eg. Such teacher as know Tom think him very bright. 注：当先行词被such，the same 修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句，但指同一物，而不是同一类。This is the same bike that I lost two months ago.（同一辆自行车）比较：This is the same bike as I lost two months ago.（相像的自行车）2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。As you

13、know, she is a stubborn girl, and I cant persuade her to change her mind. Mo Yan, as is known to us all, was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 2012. 拓展：as引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：as we all know 众所周知 as I can remember正如我所记得的as you see 如你所见 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样as can be seen 正如所见 as has been said b

14、efore 如前所述as often happens 正如经常发生的 as is well known 众所周知as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样as is/was expected 正如预料的那样3. as 与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别as 可以指前边提到过的事实或情况，其引导的从句可以放在句首、句末，也可以插入主句中；而which指前面提到的事实或情况，其引导的从句一般放在主句之后，如：This machine, as might be expected , has stopped operating. as 含有“正如，按照，正像”之意，一般用在肯定

15、句中；而which则多用于含否定意义的句子中，如：He failed in the exam again, as was expected. 他考试又不及格，正如预料的那样。He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected. 他考试又不及格，这是没有预料到的。 当定语从句中所修饰的主语内容是从句谓语动词的宾语时，常用as 如：Jack was admitted into the university, as we had expected.在固定结构中，一般不能将as 替换为which当关系代词代表主句引起的结果，又作“主谓宾补（SVOC)”结

16、构中的主语时，多用whichHe saw the girl, which delighted him. 当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，用which，如：We didnt go to the film, instead of which we went to the theatre.当关系代词在从句中代表主语中的谓语时，常用which, 如：He can write a letter in English, which I can not.当关系代词指代主句中的一个名词时，多用which，如：I gave him an interesting book,which he started to

17、read at once.当关系代词代替主句中的形容词时常用which，如：He thought me impatient, which he himself was练习1. There is no simple answer _ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 2. He is no such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as3. A lot of language learning, _ has

18、been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this3. I want to see the same dictionary _ was used yesterday.（填空）定语从句练习1. Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all fo

19、g. A. which B. what C. where D. when 2. Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where3. I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was struck in the branches of a tree.

20、 A. when B. where C. which D. why4. The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. when B. where C. why D. which 5. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected. A. that B. which C. who D. it6. The book has helped me greatly in my

21、daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must. A. which B. when C. as D. where7. I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feeling for her. A. as B. why C. why D.when 8. A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunit

22、ies abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why9. Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what10. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me. A. who B. which C. when D. where11. M

23、any countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where12. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which13. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their strengths. A. whom B. who C. that D. which14. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _, he remembers starting as early as h