Agriculture Mechanics Ware County Schools：农业机械学课件县学校

1、 define occupation and describe an occupational cluster. describe the role of mechanics and mechanical applications in society. demonstrate knowledge of contributions made by mechanical application to the development of agriculture. name eight inventors of important agricultural machines. pencil pap

2、er encyclopedias or year. a small-engines mechanic employed at the local machinery dealer is probably paid by the hour, but the sales manager is probably paid an annual salary with bonuses based on sales volume.refers to specific kinds of work or businesses, especially those that require skilled mec

3、hanical work. means having to do with a machine, mechanism, or machinery. a person who is specifically trained to perform mechanical tasks is aa mechanic who uses high technology is generally called a the mechanic must be skilled in the use of tools and machines. the mechanic must also be able to se

4、lect appropriate materials, use a variety of processes, and analyzeproblems. the term is defined as thebranch of physics dealing with motion, and theaction of forces on bodies or fluids.the term is the selection,operation, maintenance, servicing, selling, anduse of power units, machinery, equipment,

5、 structures,and utilities used in agriculture. hundreds ofdifferent jobs are available in agricultural mechanics.a total of 99 out of 305 occupational entries in are mechanical innature. agriculture is a very complex industry. the industryproduces plant and animal products fromwhich thousands of com

6、modities are made. sinceevery person and many industries depend uponagriculture, it is said to be a basic industry. someproducts of agriculture are food, oils, fiber, lumber,ornamental trees and shrubs, flowers, leather, fertilizers,feed, seed, and more. basic agriculturalproducts form the raw mater

7、ials for many items ofeveryday living.fabrics for clothing, curtains, and floor coveringsare made from oils such as corn oil, soybean oil, andcottonseed oil. plastics of all kinds are also madefrom vegetable oils. products from animals are usedto make materials such as glue, leather, and paint.many

8、medicines come from plants and animals. themanufacture of automobiles, furniture, airplanes,radios, stereos, and computers all depends on agriculturefor certain raw materials. the construction ofhomes, boats, and factories all depends on agriculturefor lumber, fiber, and other basic commodities.most

9、 dwellings in america are surrounded by lawn,shrubs, or other plants for beautification. these arealso agricultural commodities.agriculture is, indeed, a basic industry uponwhich all people depend. it is the backbone of theamerican society.america provided the inventors for many of theworlds most im

10、portant agricultural machines. cyrusmccormick invented the reaper in 1834 to cut smallgrain crops. later, the combine was invented, whichcut and threshed the grain in the field. today, onemodern combine operator can cut and thresh asmuch grain in one day as 100 persons could cut andbundle in one day

11、 in the 1830s.two inventions had a profound influence on thesettling of this country. the first was by a mannamed john deere who developed a steel plow thatreplaced an iron plow invented by thomas jefferson.the plow invented by deere in 1837 allowed farmersto break up the tough sod that previously h

12、ad preventedpioneers from cultivating the rich prairiesoils. this allowed settlers to inhabit all of the midwestand plains region where so much of our food isgrown today.the other invention that affected settlementwas by eli whitney who developed a machine,called a gin, to remove seeds from cotton.

13、prior tohis invention in 1793, seeds were removed from cottonby hand. the seeds were easily separated fromthe cotton, but it was still time consuming. anotherproblem was the type of cotton grown. cottonwith loose seeds was the sea island or long-staplevariety that would only grow along the coast ofg

14、eorgia and the carolinas. upland cotton wouldgrow anywhere in the south, but the seeds of thistype were almost impossible to separate by hand.whitneys gin not only saved labor, but opened upthe entire southern portion of the nation for cultivationof upland cotton.in 1850, edmund w. quincy invented t

15、hemechanical corn picker. joseph gliddens developmentof barbed wire permitted establishment ofranches with definite boundaries.the internal combustion engine made machinestremendously more efficient. relatively lightweight,powerful engines revolutionized the production offood and fiber by providing

16、mechanization thatreplaced the work of animals. today, most of themachinery used in agricultural production is basedon the internal combustion engine.two jobs inagriculturalprocessing anddistribution(jobsthat processand market theproducts ofproductionagriculture) perhaps no invention has had more im

17、pact on agriculture and the lives of people than the invention of refrigeration. prior to this time, produce and meats had to be sold fresh and the shelf life was very short. with mechanical refrigeration, meats and produce could not only be stored much longer, but could also be transported long dis

18、tances. refrigerated railcars and trucks allowed livestock, fruits, and vegetables to be produced in one part of the country and shipped across the country to large cities. for the first time in history, people could have fresh meats and vegetables year-round.many of the early inventors worked alone

19、 orwith one or two partners. they all could be consideredworkers in the area of agricultural mechanics. bythe early 1900s, many people worked in factories oroperated businesses. the companies that wereformed to produce agricultural machinery or processagricultural products turned to invention also.

20、forinstance, mechanical cotton pickers were developedin the 1930s by several american companies.agriculture has become highly mechanized inthe developed countries of the world. for the undevelopedcountries, many engineers, teachers, andtechnicians have sought simple, tough, and reliablesmall machine

21、s to improve agriculture. in suchcountries, americas highly developed, complex,computerized, and expensive machinery will not do.most countries do not have people trained for thevariety of agricultural mechanics jobs that are neededto support americas agriculture.many features, such as rubber tires,

22、 have beenstandard equipment on american farms since the 1930s. yet, a machine with rubber tires is useless if a tire is damaged and repair services are not available. this is the case in most undeveloped countries in central and south america, asia, and africa. much of the world cannot compete with

23、 american agriculture because the related agricultural products and services are not available to support the farm worker. the efficiency of american agriculture will increase in the future as computer-controlled machines and robotics play an important part. it is exciting to envision the changes in

24、 store for agricultural mechanization in the twenty-first century. agricultural mechanics has been fundamental to thedevelopment of the agricultural industry in thiscountry. much of the tremendous increase in theefficiency of the american producers is due to theinnovations in mechanics. the wiring o

25、f buildings tosupply power; the repairing of engines and equipment;the laying of pipe for water supplies; and theconstructions of buildings are only a few examples ofmechanics in agriculture. as further advances aremade the role of mechanics in agriculture will be asprominent in the future as it has

26、 been in the past.define the terms to know in this unit.interview a cooperative extension specialist for agricultural resources in your county or city. ask thespecialist to describe the different jobs people do in your locality that are regarded as agricultural oragriculturally related.look up “inve

27、ntors” or “inventions” in an encyclopedia. pick out the inventions that relate to agricultureand report your findings to the class.select three or five classmates to join you in a debate on the role of agriculture in society. one teamshould support the position that agriculture is the backbone of so

28、ciety. the opposing team shouldsupport the notion that it is not.consider an everyday product such as bread, milk, leather gloves, or a corsage for mothers day. tracethe production, processing, and marketing of the item from its source to finished product. list pointsalong the way where agricultural

29、 mechanics are used.select the best answer.1. the production of plants and animals and therelated supplies, services, mechanics, products,processing, and marketing definesa. horticultureb. renewable natural resourcesc. agricultural mechanicsd. agriculture2. agribusiness isa. the same as agricultural

30、 mechanicsb. limited to the sale of agricultural productsc. business stemming from agricultured. special work done by medical doctors3. examples of renewable natural resources area. oil, gas, and coalb. fish, trees, and wildlifec. rubber, steel, and waterd. air, soil, and minerals4. the term meansa.

31、 businessb. employmentc. traded. all of these5. agricultural mechanics stems mostly froma. physicsb. biologyc. medicined. horticulture6. agricultural products come froma. soil and coalb. plants and animalsc. iron ore and aluminumd. atomic fuel7. products of agriculture includea. leather seat coversb

32、. paintc. flower arrangementsd. all of these8. agricultural mechanics includes the occupationofa. garden tractor repairpersonb. automobile mechanicc. pile driverd. systems analyst9. mechanization of agriculture has resulted ina. decreased soil productionb. decreased farm expensesc. increased product

33、ion efficiencyd. increased numbers of farm workers10. cyrus mccormick invented thea. steel plowb. cotton ginc. milking machined. reaper11. in 1776, the ratio of farm workers to nonfarmpeople was approximatelya. 9 to 1b. 1 to 1c. 4 to 1d. 1 to 912. today, the ratio of agricultural workers to theremai

34、ning population is approximatelya. 9 to 1b. 1 to 9c. 4 to 1d. 1 to 1 vasamillet there is interest in a programme that prepares agricultural mechanics. while the school does not offer such a programme, the director would initiate one if a real need is proven. the objective of this evaluation is to de

35、termine the need for an agriculture mechanics programme. appropriate documents will be reviewed to determine programme goals, activities and required resources. existing resources will also be assessed to determine if they are compatible with programme requirements. a random sample of potential stud

36、ents and prospective employers will be surveyed to determine needs. manpower reports and curriculum documents will also be reviewed. complementary information will be analysed, similarities and discrepancies noted and conclusions drawn. questionnaires will be sent to students and employers on 15 sep

37、tember and again on 15 october to non-respondents. review of manpower reports, curriculum documents and existing resources will start on 15 september. tabulation and analysis of data will commence on 15 november. bar graphs will be used to present data. the final written report will be delivered to

38、the director by 1 december. a total of us $ 700 has been set aside for evaluation. personnel expenses will be us $ 270. test items will cost us $ 30 and communications us $ 400. agricultural mechanics school director whether or not to start an agricultural mechanics programme supply of and demand fo

39、r agricultural mechanics pool of qualified students programme goals, activities and required resources - to determine the need for an agricultural mechanics programme - to determine if the school has sufficient resources to implement such a programme to be determined by assessment to be determined b

40、y assessment to be determined by assessment students and employers to be served by the programme the supply of agricultural mechanics the demand for agricultural mechanics the pool of qualified students programme goals, activities and required resources student and employer questionnaires manpower s

41、upply and demand documents curriculum and facility documents descriptive analysis of observed agreement/differences between official statistics and employer and student responses descriptive analysis of existing resources and those prescribed in curriculum documents informal comparisons of:manpower

42、data and student-employer responses- existing resources and those prescribed in standard documents random sample of employers and students 1 september - develop questionnaires, order documents 15 september - send questionnaires, read documents 15 october - send second questionnaire to non-respondents 15 november - tabulate/analyse data 1 december - final report bar graphs will be used to show employer, stud