冀教版小学英语语法要点（课堂PPT）

1、12一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush(刷子)-brushes, watch(手表)-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family（家人）-families, strawberry（草莓）-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife（小刀）-knives ，leaf（树叶）-leaves. 但有些词只加s: ro

2、ofs（房顶）, proofs（证据）, chiefs（首领）.3 5. 以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes（黑人）, heroes（英雄）, tomatoes（西红柿）, potatoes（土豆）; 其它加s: radios（收音机）, zoos（动物园）, pianos（钢琴）, photos（照片）; zero（零）加s,es均可。46不规则名词复数： policeman-policemen（男警察）, man-men（男人）, woman- women（女人）, policewoman-policewomen（女警察） mouse-mice（老鼠） ,child-childr

3、en （孩子）,tooth-teeth（牙齿） ,foot-feet（脚） people-people（人们）, Chinese-Chinese（中国人）, Japanese-Japanese （日本人）,fish-fish（鱼）, sheep-sheep（绵羊）5写出下列各词的复数写出下列各词的复数 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ m

4、an_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_wethemthesetheirwatcheschildrenphotosdiariesdaysfeetbooksdressesteethsheepboxesstrawberriesthievesyo-yospeachessandwichesmenwomenpaperjuicewatermilkricetea6二、一般现在时二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I

5、get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。7 1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。8 1. be动词的变化。动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Ar

6、e you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。 如：Where is my bike?92.行为动词的变化。行为动词的变化。 否定句：否定句：主语主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形动词原形(+其它其它)。如：如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句构成否定句。如：如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其它。其它。如：如：- Do you often

7、 play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。构成一般疑问句。如：如：- Does she go to work by bike? -Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词+一般疑问句。一般疑问句。如：如：How does your father go to work?101一般情况下，直接加一般情况下，直接加-s， 如：如：cook-cooks, buy-buys2以以s. sh. ch. x. o结尾，加结尾，

8、加-es， 如：如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches ,fix-fixes, go-goes3以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾，变结尾，变y为为i, 再加再加-es， 如：如：study-studies 11 12 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ drinksgoesstaysmakeslookshaspassescarriescomeswatchesplantsfl

9、iesstudiesbrushesdoesteaches13用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 v1. He often _(have) dinner at home.v 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.v 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.v 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.v 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?v 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?v 7. _ your parents _(read)

10、newspapers every day?v 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.v 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.v 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.hasaredont watchdoesnt goDo likedoto doDoreadteachestakeare14 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(loo

11、k) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like P.E. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What da

12、y _(be) it today? Its Saturday. likeshavelooksdodoesgoeswatcheshaveisam15v 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句改为否定句)v _v 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)v _v 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)v _ v 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定改为一般疑问句，作否

13、定回答回答) _ _v5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句改为否定句)v _Does Amy like playing computer games? Daniel doesnt watch TV every evening.Do you do your homework every day? No,I dont.Does she like milk? Yes, she does.No,she doesnt.We dont go to school every morning.16按照要求改写句子v 6. He speaks English very

14、well.(改为否定句)v _v 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)v _v 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)v _v 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)v _v 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)v _He doesnt speak English very well.What do you like to do in the park?Where does John come?I

15、s she always a good student? No,she isnt.Simon and Daniel dont like going skating.17 改错改错 (划出错误的地方将正确的写在横线上)v 1. Is your brother speak English? _v 2. Does he likes going fishing? _v 3. He likes play games after class. _v 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _v 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _Does_l

16、ike_likes to_tesches_doesnt181现在进行时表示现在现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作正在进行或发生的动作，也，也可表示可表示当前一段时间内当前一段时间内的活动或的活动或现阶段正在进行的现阶段正在进行的动作。动作。2现在进行时的现在进行时的肯定句肯定句基本结构为基本结构为be+动词动词ing.3现在进行时的现在进行时的否定句否定句在在be后加后加not。4现在进行时的现在进行时的一般疑问句一般疑问句把把be动词调到句首动词调到句首。5现在进行时的现在进行时的特殊疑问句特殊疑问句的基本结构为：的基本结构为： 疑问词疑问词 + be + 主语主语 + 动词动词ing?

17、但疑问词当主语时其结构为：但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词疑问词 + be + 动词动词ing?19动词加动词加inging的变化规则的变化规则v 1一般情况下，一般情况下，直接加直接加ing，如：，如：cook-cookingv 2以不发音的以不发音的e结尾，结尾，去去e加加ing，如：，如：make-making, taste-tastingv 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，字母，双写双写末尾的辅音字母，末尾的辅音字母，再加再加ing，如：，如：run-running, stop-stopping20现在进行时专项练习：现在进行时专项练习：v写出

18、下列动词的现在分词：写出下列动词的现在分词：v play_ run_ v swim _ make_v go_ like_ v write_ ski_ v read_ have_ v sing _ dance_v put_ see_ v buy _ love_ v live_ take_ v come _ get_v stop_ sit _ v begin_ shop_21 1.The boy _( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice

19、 food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is

20、.are drawingare singingis cookingaredoingare havingarent wateringare dancingis listeningare havingwashingIs22 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成分别改成一般疑问句一般疑问句和和否定句否定句) _ _2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答并作肯定和否定回答)_ 3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进

21、对划线部分进行提问行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问对划线部分进行提问)_Are they doing housework ?They arent doing housework .Are the students cleaning the classroom ?Yes,they are .No,they arent .What are you doing in the playground ?Where is Tom reading books? 23v表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。v句中一般有以

22、下：vtomorrow, next day (week, month, year), soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 vbe going to + do；vwill+ do. 24在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 例如：We are going

23、to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?25一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this af

24、ternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to go to bed?26vI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. v练习：27v填空。v v1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。v I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.v I _ have a picnic with my friends.v v 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。v What

25、 _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?v I _ _ _ play basketball.v What _you do next Monday? v I _ play basketball.v v3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。v _ your mother _ _go shopping this _? v Yes, she _. She _ _ _buy some fruitv 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。v What time _ you _ _ meet?28改句子改句子: :v v 5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）v

26、 Nancy _ going to go camping.v 6. Ill go and join them.（改否定）v I _ go _ join them.v 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）v _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?v 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）v _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.v 9. She is going to listen to music after schoo

27、l.（对划线部分提问）v _ _she _ _ _after school?v 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)v going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 29用所给词的适当形式填空11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _(go)

28、to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends?I usually _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.3016. What _ (do) you do last Sunday?I _ (pick) apples on

29、 a farm. What _you_ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary _(visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I _(plan) for my study now31形容词的比较级 v1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a

30、little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。v2形容词加er的规则：v 一般在词尾加er ；v 以字母e 结尾，加r ；v 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；v 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。v3不规则形容词比较级：v good-better, beautiful-more beautiful32副词的比较级v 1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)v 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后v 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后v 2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级

31、相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)v练习:33写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful _ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_34根据句意填入单词的正确形式： v 1. My brother is two years _(old)than me.v 2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.v 3. Is y

32、our sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.v 4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.v 5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.v 6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.v 7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 35根据句意填入单词的正确形式：v 8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, s

33、he _. v 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. v 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). v 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? v 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? v 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_.v 14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).v 15.The child does

34、nt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.36翻译句子： v1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。v _ is _than Jim？ _ arev 2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan.v _ _ than David? Gao Shan _.v 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。v _ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think.v 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。v _ apples _ _,your _ or your _?v My _ _.v 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。v_ _as _as your

35、 uncle?Yes,I am.37 6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。 He _ as _ as _ _ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。 _ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him. 8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _ as _ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。 _ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_.3811.多做运动，你

36、会更强壮。多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise,youll _ _ soon. 12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese. 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。 _you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I_it _than_. 14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_.All my_ _ _than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比

37、我早。我的姐姐起得比我早。 My_ _ up _than me.39 16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。 _the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes,they _. 17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesnt _ _ in PE. But I dont _ _than_. 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。 _ you _football _than your classmates?No,they_as_as me. 19我母亲比我父亲年纪小。 My_ _ _than my _. 20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。 _sweater_ as_a

38、s_. 21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。 My dress_ too_. I want to _a_one. 22. Im taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较) Im _ as _ as Mike .40There be 句型与句型与have, has的区别的区别v 1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）v 2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。v 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be

39、动词调到句首。v 4、there be句型与句型与have(has) 的区别：的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人表示某人拥有某物。拥有某物。415、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there

40、 + 介词短语？ 8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语？42Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are” v 1. I_a good father and a good mother. v 2. _a telescope on the desk. v 3. He_a tape-recorder. v 4. _a basketball in the playground. v 5. She_some dresses. v 6. They_a nice garden. v 7. What do

41、you_? v 8. _a reading-room in the building? v 9. What does Mike_? v 10. _any books in the bookcase?43v 11. My father_a story-book. v 12. _a story-book on the table. v 13. _any flowers in the vase? v 14. How many students_in the classroom? v15. My parents_some nice pictures. v 16. _some maps on the w

42、all. v 17. _a map of the world on the wall. v 18. David_a telescope. v 19. Davids friends_some tents. v 20. _many children on the hill.44用恰当的be动词填空 v 1、There_a lot of sweets in the box.v 2、There _some milk in the glass.v 3、There_ some people under the the big tree.v 4、There _a picture and a map on t

43、he wall.v 5、There _a box of rubbers near the books.v 6、There _lots of flowers in our garden last year.v 7、There _a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.v 8、There_ four cups of coffee on the table.45Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”v1. I_ a nice puppet.v 2. He_a good friend.v 3. They_ some m

44、asks.v 4. We_some flowers.v 5. She_ a duck.v 6. My father_ a new bike.v 7. Her mother_a vase.v 8. Our teacher_ an English book.v 9. Our teachers_a basketball.v 10. Their parents_some blankets46v 11. Nancy_many skirts.v 12. David_some jackets.v 13. My friends_a football.v 14. What do you_?v 15. What

45、does Mike_?v 16. What do your friends_?v 17. What does Helen_?v 18. His brother_a basketball.v 19. Her sister_a nice doll.v 20. Miss Li_an English book.47人称代词和物主代词v 1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。v 2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。48人称代词 物主代词 中文中文 主格主格 宾格

46、宾格 中文中文 形容词性形容词性 名词性名词性 我我 I me我的我的 mymine你，你们你，你们youyou你的，你们的你的，你们的youryours他他hehim他的他的hishis她她sheher她的她的herhers它它itit它的它的itsits我们我们weus我们的我们的ourours他他(她、它）们她、它）们theythem他他(她、它）们的她、它）们的theirtheirs49填写代词表填写代词表 主格主格 Iitwe宾格宾格 you（形容词性）（形容词性）所有格所有格 yourhisitstheir（名词性）（名词性）所有格所有格 minehersours yours50用

47、所给词的适当形式填空 1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you ) 6. Her

48、e are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you ) 8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they) 9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they )51 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? Tha

49、t is _ classroom. ( we ) 12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she ) 13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he ) 14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! 16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 17. _dont know her

50、name. Would you please tell _. ( we ) 18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they ) 19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he ) 20. May I sit beside _? ( you ) 21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ） 22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )52用am, is, are 填空 1. I _ a

51、boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they?

52、53 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over th

53、ere.54 21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom? 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. Th

54、ere _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I _ from China.55Be Be 动词的用法：动词的用法：(1) am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，复数全用are。(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not)

55、 small.56(3) 一般疑问句 1.-Am I a Chinese? -Yes, you are. No, you arent. 2.-Are they American? -Yes, they are. No, they arent. 3.-Is the cat fat? -Yes, it is. No, it isnt.57一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch(手表)

56、-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry（草莓）-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 但有些词只加s: roofs, proofs, chiefs.58 5. 以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes; 其它加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos; zero加s,es均可。6不规则名词复数： policeman-policemen, man-men, w

57、oman- women, policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice ,child-children ,tooth-teeth ,foot-feet people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese ,fish-fish, sheep-sheep59形容词的比较级 v1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。v2形容词加er的规则：v 一般在词尾加er ；v 以字

58、母e 结尾，加r ；v 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；v 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。v3不规则形容词比较级：v good-better, beautiful-more beautiful60副词的比较级v 1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)v 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后v 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后v 2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)61人称代词和物主代词v 1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通

59、常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。v 2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。62人称代词 物主代词 中文中文 主格主格 宾格宾格 中文中文 形容词性形容词性 名词性名词性 我我 I me我的我的 mymine你，你们你，你们youyou你的，你们的你的，你们的youryours他他hehim他的他的hishis她她sheher她的她的herhers它它itit它的它的itsits我们我们weus我们的我们的ourours他他(她、它）们她、它）们theythem他他(她、它）们的她、它

60、）们的theirtheirs63There be 句型与句型与have, has的区别的区别v 1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）v 2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。v 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。v 4、there be句型与句型与have(has) 的区别：的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人表示某人拥有某物。