2019届高三语法专项复习：谓语动词的时态语态

1、谓语动词时态语态谓语动词的时态&语态时态：动作发生的时间及其当时的状态的对应叫时态。动作发生的时间不同，其状态形式就不同。时态构成（以do为例）基本用法常见的时间搭配1.一般现在时do/ does表示经常发生或反复发生的动作；客观事实或普遍真理；现在或现阶段的情况或状态等。The bus leaves at 5 oclock.sometimes, often, always, at, on Sunday, every +2.一般过去时did表示过去的动作或状态、过去习惯性的动作；在时间或条件状语从句中表过去等。He usually went to school by bike when

2、 he was a student.yesterday (morning/ afternoon/ evening), last week/ year/ week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now3.一般将来时will do表示将来发生的动作或状态。I will ask him for help.tomorrow(morning/ afternoon/ evening), next Friday, in two weeks4.过去将来时would do常用于宾语从句或间接引语中；从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态等。They as

3、ked the boss if they would carry out the plan soon.多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作5.现在进行时is/ am/ are + doing表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事等。I am doing my homework now.now6.过去进行时was/ were + doing表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作；按计划过去某时刻要发生的动作等。I was shopping with my family.At 8 oclock yesterday, from 9 to 10 last evening, be doingw

4、hen7.现在完成时has/ have done表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。I have made much progress in math in the last three months.For, since, so far, ever, never, yet, up to now, in the past years, recently8.过去完成时had done表示在过去某个动作或时间前就已经发生或完成的动作，即指“过去的过去”。I had finished the task before you called me.before

5、/ by+过去的时间/动作【注】1.动词第三人称单数的构成规则：一般直接加-s，例want-wants； s,x,ch,sh,o结尾，加-es，例teach-teaches；辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再加-es，例study-studies。2.现在分词的构成规则：一般直接加-ing，例study-studying；以不发音字母e结尾，去e加-ing，例live-living；辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ing，例begin-beginning；以-ie结尾的词，变ie为y，再加-ing，例die-dying。3.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则

6、：一般直接加-ed，例want-wanted；以e结尾只加-d，例live-lived；辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再加-ed，例study-studied；辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ed，例stop-stopped；不规则动词另记。语态：在表示主动关系时（即主语为动作的执行者时），谓语的形式称为主动语态；不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，就用被动语态。时态谓语动词的形式（以do为例）主动被动1.一般现在时do/ doesis/ am/ are + done2.一般过去时didwas/ were + done

7、3.一般将来时will dowill be + done4.过去将来时would dowould be done5.现在进行时is/ am/ are + doingis/ am/ are + being done6.过去进行时was/ were + doingwas/ were + being done7.现在完成时has/ have donehas/ have been done8.过去完成时had donehad been done【做题方法】 1）辨明主动被动； 2）找时间状语； 3）找已有谓语动词时态； 4）注意一些特定句式的时态要求。【基础练】1. Light (travel) fa

8、ster than sound.2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he (be) too busy.3. The work (finish) in ten days.4. He told me he (arrive) on Monday morning, but he never appeared.5. Look! They (play) basketball on the playground.6. I first met Tom ten years ago. He (work) in a TV factory at that time.7

9、. Many bridges (build) over the river since 1949.8. When I got there, I was told that he (go) to Shanghai.By the end of last year, we (learn) at least 3,000 English words.【提升练】20182012年高考题（改编）单句语法填空/单句改错1. （2018 全国一，64）While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _(be) more

10、 effective at lengthening life2. （2018全国一卷，短文改错）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 3. （2018全国二卷, 61）Since 2011, the country _ （grow）more corn than rice.4. （2018全国二卷, 68）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds tha

11、t between 2005-when the government _ (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 5. （2018全国二卷, 短文改错）I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.6. （2018全国三卷，69）when the goril

12、las and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _(mean) me no real harm. 7. （2018全国三卷, 短文改错）It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. 8. （2018全国三卷, 短文改错）At that moment, I remembered that my father once said

13、, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.”9. （2017全国一卷，64）When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 10. （2017全国一卷，67）Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt.11. （2017全国一卷, 短文改错）Before getting int

14、o the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my goes blank.12. （2017全国二卷，65）Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great

15、 success13. （2017全国二卷，68）Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels, which became known as the Tube. 14. （2017全国二卷, 短文改错）When the summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!15. （2017全国三卷，63）Sarah _ (tell) that she could be Britains new

16、 supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.16. （2017全国三卷，69）But at the moment, school _(come) first. 17. （2017全国三卷, 短文改错）I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.18. （2017全国三卷, 短文改错）（改两处错误）About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second yea

17、r of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 19. (2016·全国，62)I_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.20. (2016·全国，短文改错)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 21. (2016·全国，43)Leaving t

18、he less important things until tomorrow _(be) often acceptable.22. (2016·全国，42)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.23. (2016·全国，49)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be) too vi

19、olent for use at the table.24. (2015·全国，61)It was raining lightly when I_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.25. (2015·全国，67)Yangshuo_(be) really beautiful.26. (2015·全国，短文改错)I think I would be happy there.27. (2015·全国，短文改错)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has

20、 already become a very serious problem.28. (2015·全国，短文改错)We must found ways to protect our environment.29. (2015·全国，68)This cycle_(go) day after day.30. (2015·全国，短文改错)Tony was scared and begun to cry.31. (2015·全国，短文改错)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.

21、32. (2014·全国大纲，22)Unless extra money_(find), the theatre will close.33. (2014·全国大纲，32)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _(see) them since.34. (2014·全国大纲，短文改错)The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.35. (2014·全国，61)

22、It_(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.36. (2014·全国，短文改错)Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.37. (2014·全国，65)A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.38. (2014·全国，短文改错)My

23、dream school look like a big garden.39. (2014·全国，短文改错)We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music.40. (2013·全国大纲，27)We_(leave)very early so we packed the night before.41. (2013·全国大纲，短文改错)At home my father often thinks Im silly.He said if I decide to do somethin

24、g, it takes him much time to stop me.42. (2013·全国，24)If we_(not act)now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.43. (2013·全国，27)When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I_(change)my mind.44. (2013·全国，短文改错)I was only four when she passes away.45. (2013·全国，短文改错)Tea i

25、n China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.46. (2012·全国，23)“Life is like walking in the snow”， Granny used to say, “because every step _ (show)”47. (2012·全国，18)The manager_(tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.48. (2012·全国，短文改错)Yet it seemed water is

26、becoming less and less.谓语动词的时态&语态 答案【基础练】1. travels 2.was 3. will be finished 4.would arrive 5.are playing 6. was working 7.have been built 8. had gone; had learnt【提升练】20182012年高考题（改编）1. is 2. find 改为 found 3. has grown 4. started 5. are 改为 were 6. meant 7. begin 改为 begun 8. include 改为 includes

27、9. are removed 10. is 11. goes 改为 went 12. were used 13. managed14. came 改为 comes 15. has been told/ was told 16. comes17. had 改成 have 18. （1）took 改成taken （2）become 改成 became 19. was allowed根据语境及allow sb to do sth这一固定句式可知，我应该是被允许接近这些可爱的动物。20. using usedbe used for “被用来做”，为固定短语。21. is考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为

28、动名词短语leaving the less.，动名词作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。22. be made考查语态。根据句意筷子是被制造的。23. were考查时态。此处were是与would remind 并列的谓语动词。24. arrived句意：就在天亮之前我到了阳朔，天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。25. is句意：阳朔真的很漂亮。这里用一般现在时。26. thinkthought句意：我认为在那儿很快乐。时态用法错误。这里用一般过去时，表示“过去认为”。27. 去掉been句意：许多研究表明全球变暖早已成为严重的问题了。主语与动词为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。28. fo