现在完成时精讲及练习(附答案)

1、现在完成时精讲和练习（附答案）一、现在完成时的六种常用情景：（一）表示过去发生或巳经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，、The car has arrived。车子来了。（对现在结果的影响是:车子已在门口）2、 Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（对现在结果的影响是：窗户仍破着）3、 It' s so darko Someone has turned off the 1ight.这里很黑，有人刚把灯关了。（对现在结果的影响是:现在很黑）4、 Are you free I have finished my homework. I am free

2、.你有空吗我已经做完了家庭作业。我有空。（我已经完成了家庭作业，对 现在影响是：很有空）。（二）表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。一般会和表示从 过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。这时表示持续 动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词。1、 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years0 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。2、 Mr. Black has lived in China since 20020自从2002年Mr. Black

3、 一直住在中国。3、 How long have you been here你来这里多久了4、 I have learnt English for more than ten years0我已经学了 10多年的英语。（从10年前开始,持续到现在）5、 She has swum since half an hour ago。我已经游泳了半个小时。（半个小时前开始，到现在还在游）I（三）经验性用法：表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作 或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如oftenx alwaysx every week, twice （三 次、n次）等连用。1、 I have been

4、to the Summer Palace twice。我曾经去过颐和园两次。2、He has always said so<>他总是这么说.（四）表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.2、 Have you ever been to the Summer Palace 你曾去过颐和园吗3、 I have never had a car.我从未有过汽车。（五）现在完成时还常与句型This is the first time,It' s the first time连用。This is the first time he has driven a car.这是他第一次开车。（

5、六）现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最的。It' s the most boring film I' ve ever seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。二.现在完成时的语法结构（一）肯定式：主语+助动词（have/has） +动词的过去分词。（二）否定式：否定式直接在助动词后面加上not。主语+助动词否定形式（have/has + not） +动词的过去分词。have not, has not的缩略式分别为haven't , hasn't。另外若是肯 定句改成否定句时，若有some、already时，要分别改成any, yet。有时not可以用nev

6、er代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。例句如下：1、 We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。2、 I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。（三）一般疑问式：疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。助动词（Have/Has） +主语+动词的过去分词。肯定回答Yes,主语+助动词（Have/Has）否定回答No,主语+助动词否定形式（have/has + not ）。有时也可以用 No, not yeto No , never0 No, not even onceo陈述句改成一般疑问句时，把陈述句中的have或

7、has放到句首，句末打问 号，同时把句中的some , already改为any , ye t就构成了一般疑问句（四）否定疑问式：把助动词+not提到主语之前助动词（Have/Has） +主语+not +动词的过去分词。助动词（Have/Has） n't+主语+动词的过去分词。否定疑问式简单回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Haven1 t I) studied-*Yes, you have. No, you haven' t.Have you not (HavenJ t you) studiedYes, I have. No, I haven* t.Has he no

8、t (Hasn' t he) studied-,Yes, he has. No, he hasnf t.（五）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词（Have/Has） +主语+动词过去分词。 （六）助动词have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数has,其余用have。 （七）例句：1、Has he gone to the library 他是去了图书馆吗Yes ,he has.是的，他去那里了。 No, he hasn* t.不，他没去 那里。2、How long has Mrs Smith been in Bei jingSmith 夫人来北京多长时间 7三、现在完成时的标志词（一）当句中有

9、never（从来没有），ever（曾经），just（刚刚），already（肯 定），yet （否定），before （以前），recently （近来），so far （到目前为止）,in the past/last fewYears（在过去几年里）、up to now （直到现在）等时，常用现在完成时。1、already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气。yet用 于否定句和疑问句。yet在否定句中有“还”之意。（1） He has already left here。他已经离开这里了。（2） Has he already left hereI他（真的）已经离开这里了吗（表示加

10、强语气）（3） My teachers haven, t had breakfast yet。我的老师们还没有吃早饭。（4） Have you written to your parents yet 你已经给你父母写过信了吗2、never是否定词，表示“从来没有”，表示全部否定。而ever表示“曾 经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中。（这个用法还需要在考证。）（1） We have never been to the Great Wall。我们从来没有去过长城。（2） Have you ever been to Canada你们曾经去过加拿大吗（3） Have you ever seen the f

11、ilm No. I have never seen it 你曾经看过这部影片吗没有，从来没看过。（4） Nobody in our class has ever been there。我们班没有人去过那。3、just表示“刚刚”，用于完成时杰时，与already, never等副词的位 置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间。(1) He has just come back。他刚刚回来。(2) They have just finished the work。 他们刚刚完成那项工作。(3) The train has just arrivedo 火车刚到。4、in the p

12、ast few years意思是“过去几年来“，可作现在完成时的时 间状语；in the past意思是“在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。(1) Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。k(2) Where did you work in the past 你过去在哪里工作5、lately, recently 是完成时的时间状语，just now 有 a moment ago 之 意，是一般过去时的时间状语。(1) Did you see Joan just

13、 now 你刚才看到琼了吗(2) Have you heard from your family lately/recently 你最近收到家人的来信了吗6、even since then 与 from then on (after that)都有"打那以后"之 意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。(1) She' s lived here ever since then。 打那以后，她一直住在这。(2) I didn' t hear of Jim from then on/after that。打那以后，我就没有吉姆的消息。7、be

14、fore泛指“以前”时，可用于现在完成时中；ago表示“现在的一 段时间以前“，是一般过去时的时间状语。(1) I' ve never been to Japan before。 我以前没去过日本。(2) She went to Japan a year ago她一年前去了日本。8、so far (到目前为止)，these days(这些天)也是现在完成时常见的时 间状语。(1) So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. 到目前为止，还没有人到月球以外旅行。(2) What have you done these days这

15、些天来，你做了什么事9、now, today, this morning, this year等有时可以用现在完成时中， 以表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。(1)1 have learned how to swim now。我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。(2) Have you seen Han Meimei this morning(1)他入党五年了。He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party.

16、He joined the Party five years ago.(2)电影开始五分钟了。The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film beganThe film began five minutes ago.(3) He has been a soldier for three years0 他参军三年了。(4) His father has been dead for two years0 他父亲去世二年了。(5) We have studied English for three yea

17、rs0 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。(1)1 haven" t bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。(2) She hasn' t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。四、现在完成时注意事项：1、since可单独使用，表示“自那时起另外since前也可加上ever, 以加强语气。(1) Eg. I have been here (ever) since.(2) I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000

18、.2、对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用how long,决不能用when.(1)1 have lived here for 10 years。(对划线部分提问)How long have you lived here(3) She has stood here since 2 hour ago。(对划线部分提问)How long has she stood here3、have been与have gone的用法比较(1) have been to：到过，去过。表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。(2) have gone to：去了。表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或 已在

19、那儿了。(3) have been in：呆在某处一段时间了。以下是具体例句：（1） Has she ever been to Nanjing 她曾去过南京吗（2） You have never been there, have you你以前从未去过那儿，是吗（3） I have been to Guiling ,1 went there last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。（4） She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（一）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动 作。现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情

20、对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是 yesterday。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（二）一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/. In 2008, in the past, just now, the day beforeyesterday, yesterday , Then （那时）,that day, one day, once （从前）（三）现在完成时常和recently （近来）， ever, never, twice,so

21、 far （至U 目前为止）,since, for, in the past/last few years , already （肯 定句），yet （否定，疑问句），just（刚刚），before （以前）连用。现在 完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。（四）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的， 如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.六、非延续性动词和延续性动词（一）延续性动词和非延续性动词。动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发 生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。“过去对现在”（非延续动词）“过去到现在“（延续性动词）延续

22、性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。 此类动词常见的如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延 续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。此类动词常见的如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy 等。（二）非延续动词的记忆口诀：现在完成在瞬间

23、；非延只连时间点；终 止需转换；否定方可碰一段。1、非延续动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一 段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。2、非延续动词动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。3、初中阶段常见的瞬间动词有：1（1）来（come）、去（go）、到（get to/reach/arrive at）、离（leave）、 看（see）、听（说）hear0(2)买(buy)、卖(sell)、开(open)、关(close)、起床(get up) 跌 落(fall sleep)参加(join/take part in)、开发(begin/start)。(3)还(return/give)(

24、与)借(borrow from>/lend< to>)(4 )变成(become/turn) 带(bring/take) 给(give)、死(die)、 完(finish/end)、接(receive/hear from)o(5) 口诀：两始两到，来去加跳；借进借出，买床失落，给开关死离。两始 start, begin； 两至1 get to, arrive；来去 come, go； 加跳 join, jump；借进借出lend, borrow ；买床失落 buy, get up, lose, fall ；给开关死离 give, open, close, die, leave

25、。4、非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示 一段时间的状语连用（只限肯定式）。试比较：（1）他死了三年了。误：He has died for three yearso正：He has been dead for three yearso正：He died three years ago<>正：It is three years since he diedo正：Three years has passed since he diedo（2）史密斯先生来这儿五天了。误：Mr. Smith has come here for five days 0正：Mr. Smi

26、th has been here for five days 0正：Mr. Smith came here five days agoo正：It is five days since Mr. Smith came here0 正：Five days has passed since Mr. Smith came hereo非延续性动词延续性动词arrivebe herebecomebebegin to studystudybegin/startbe onborrowkeepbuy/gethavecatch / get a coldhave a coldclosebe closedcome he

27、rebe herecome tobe income to workworkdiebe deaddressbe dressedend / finishbe overfall asleepbe asleepfall ill (sick, asleep)be ill (sick, asleep)finish/endbe overget to knowknowget to/ arrive / reachbe (in)get upbe up1go (get) outbe outgo abroadbe abroadgo therebe therego to schoolbe in schooljoinbe

28、 in/be a member ofleavebe away (from)marrybe married (to)move tolive inopenbe open / keepopenput onwear 或 be onsit downbe seatedwake upbe awake现在完成时练习一一、翻译下列句子：1、你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗2、我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3、我以前从来没去过那个农场。4、他已经吃过午饭5、你已经看过这部电影了吗6、我哥哥还没回来。7、这本字典我已买了三年了。8、他离开中国三年了。9、我认识他们五年了。10、他们已去了美国五年了。11、自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。

29、12、我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。13、自从1999年以来他们就认识。14、我来到这个学校已3年多了 °二、用since和for填空yearsyears agomonth19994 o' clock7 4 hourshour ago9. we were childrenlunch timeshe left here12. He has lived in Nanjing the year before last.13. I' ve known himwe were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese three

30、years.15. She has been away from the city about ten years.16. It' s about ten years she left the city.三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。（一）arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp f be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1、He got to Beijing five minu

31、tes ago.HeBeijing for.2、 I moved to the USA in 2008.Ithe USA since.3、 I went home yesterday.Ihome for.4、 They came here last week.Theyhere since（二）come to / go back to / return to be back to go out 一 be out1、He came out two years ago.He for .5、 We return to Beijing yesterday.We to Beijing since .（三）

32、become be1、 I became a teacher in 2000.Ia teacher for2、 The river became dirty last year.The river dirty for （四）close f be closedopen f be open1、 The shop closed two hours ago.The shop for .2、 The door opened at six in the morning.The door for six hours.（五）get up - be up； die be dead； leave sp. f be

33、 away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep - be asleep； finish / end f be over；marry f be married；1、 I got up two hours ago.I_since2、 He left Shanghai just now.He Shanghai for five minutes.3、 My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for.4、 The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.5、 I got to s

34、leep two hours ago .I since.6、 They married in 1990.They since .（六）start / begin to do sth. f do sth. ； begin f be on1、 I began to teach at this school in 1995.Iat this school since .2、 The film began two minutes ago.The film for.(七)borrow keep； lose f not have ； buy - have ； put on f wear catch / g

35、et a cold f have a cold； get to know f know1、 They borrowed it last week.Theyit since2、 I bought a pen two hours ago.Ia pen for3、 I got to know him last year.I him since .4、 I put on my glasses three years ago.I my glasses for (A) have / has gone to f have been in1、 He has gone to Beijing.He Beijing

36、 for two days.(九)join the league / the Party / the armyf be a league member /a Party member / a soldier f be a member of the league / the Partyf be in the league / the Party / the army2、 He joined the league in 2002.He a for two years.He a the for two years.He the league for two years.3、 My brother

37、joined the army two years ago.My brotheraforMy brother in for two years.四、划线提问1、 I have been there for two days. you2、 My father has 1ived here since 2000. your father 3、 He left here yesterday. he4、 They bought a book two hours ago.they a book五、用 have (has) been 或 have (has) gone 填空。A： WhereLi FeiB

38、： He to Hainan Island.A： How long he thereB： He there for three days.A： When will he come back , do you knowB： I' m afraid he won' t come back recently.A： Could you tel 1 me the way to Hainan IslandB： Sorry, I never there.A： How many times Li Fei to that placeB： He there only once.六、用 have /

39、 has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空<>1、Where is Jack He his country.2、David the park just now.3、John England since he came back.4、How long they this village5、 The Smiths Beijing for years.6、 you ever America - Yes, I there many times.7、 I this school since three years ago.8、Where is J

40、im He the farm.9、When he He an hour ago.10、 Would you like to to the zoo with meYes, but I there before.11、Where you nowI to the zoo.12、 He often swimming.13、 you there last year14、 they often skating in winter七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空1、 I have seen him before, so I have no

41、idea about him.2、Jack has finished his homework.3、 Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.4、uHave you seen the film” “No, I have seen it. ”5、“Has the bus left " "Yes, it has left. wA.用适当的时态填空：1、She, s(live) here ever since she was ten.2、 Both of them (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3、

42、Both of them(come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4、Half an hour (pass) since the train(leave).5、Mary(lose) her pen. you (see) it here and there6、 you (find) your watch yet7、Are you thirsty No I just(have) some orange.8、We already(return) the book.9、 they(build) a new school in the village10、 I (not finis

43、h) my homework . Can you help mes11、 My father (read) the novel twice.12、 I (buy) a book just now.13、 I (lost ) my watch yesterday.14、My father (read) this book since yesterday.现在完成时练习二一.单项选择。1. 一 Where is Mr. Liu He the library.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in2. The students have cleane

44、d the classroom,A. so they B. don' t they C. have they D. haven" t they3. I like Hainan. I there three times.A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone4. We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we here for three years.A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone5. 一 How long you yo

45、ur dictionary - About two months.A. did； buy B. have； get C. have； had D. have； bought6. He tells me he China for over five years.A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to ChinaB. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. H

46、ow far, arrived8. His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university二、按要求改写句子。9. He has never surfed, (改成反意疑问句) have been here since 2000 .(对划线部分提问) have they been here11. The old manlast year. He for a year, (die)12. This factory opene

47、d twenty years ago.(改写句子, 句意不变)This factory for twenty years.Gao left an hour ago.(改写句子，句意不变)Miss Gao anhour ago.14. The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (改写句子, 句 意不变)two years the Green family moved to France.bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (改写句子, 句意 不变)三、动词填空：1、 you (c

48、lean) the roomYes, we(do) that already.When you(do) itWe(do) it an hour ago.2、he(see) this film yet Yes.When he(see) it He it last week.3、 How many times you (be) there4、 I (read) the novel twice. It' s interesting.5、She(go) to Pairs, hasnt t she Yes.How she(go) thereShe(go) there by air.6、So fa

49、r, many countries(develop) their software programs.7、 Mr Chen (give)up smoking last year.8、 Mr chen (give) up smoking since last year.四、选词填空(一)选用for和since填空：1. We haven * t seen each other a long time.2. His father has been in the Party10 years ago.3. The film has been on 20 minutes.4. Mr Green has

50、worked here he came to China.5. His grandparents have been dead several years.6. It' s five years we met last time.(二)、用 Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空1. Mike and his parents the north for half a year.2. Mum is not at home now. She the shop.you ever to kunming Never.4. Where you the

51、se days5. Has Jim arrived yet Yes, he here for several days.6. Where is Peter I don' t know where he .7. Hi Jim! Where youLi Lei is looking for you.现在完成时练习一答案 一、翻译下列句子：1、 Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips2、 I have just lost my chemistry book.3、 I have never been to the farm before.4、 He h

52、as already had lunch = He has had lunch already.5、 Have you seen the movie yet6、 My brother hasn' t come /get / been back yet 或者 My brother hasn' t returned yet.7、I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.8、 Has been away from China for three years.9、 I have known th

53、em for five years.10、 They have been in the USA for five years.11、 He has been here since he moved to Jining.12、 My sister has been a college student for three years 或者 My sister has been in college for three years.13、 They have known each other since 1999.14、 I have been in this school for over thr

54、ee years.二、用since或者for填空1. for2. since6. since7. for3. since8 since4. since10. since5. since11. since16. since13. since三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语（一）1、has been in , five minutes2、 have been in , 20083、4、1、2、1、have have have have havebeen been been been beenat, two days ,last week out, two years

55、back , yesterday ,nine years3、 has been , two years（四）1、has been closed , two hours4、 has been open（五）1、have been up , two hours ago5、 hasbeenawayfrom6、 hasbeendead, sevenyears7、 hasbeenover8、 have been asleep , two hours ago9、 have been married , 1990（六）1、have taught , 19952、 has been on , two minu

56、tes （七）1、have kept , last week3、 have had , two hours4、 have known , last years5、 have worn , three years（A） has been in（九）1、has been , League memberhas been , member of , League has been in2、 has been , soldier , two years has been , the army四、划线提问1、 How long have, been there2、 How long has , lived here3、 When did , leave here4、 When did , buy五、用 have (has) been 或 have (has) gone