人教版英语必修五第四单元知识点

1、U4( BX5)1.occupationn.(job, profession)Please state your name, age and .用法： occupy v.Reading occupies (takes up) most of my free time 阅读占去了 我空闲时间的大 部分。The bathroom is occupied.浴室有人在用。oneself( in doing sth/with sth) keep oneself busy (doing sth/with sth)忙着(做某事);忙 (于某事物)=be occupied (in doing sth/with

2、 sth.)He s occupied in looking after/ with three small children.by occupationHe is a bus driver by occupation他的职业是公车司机profession-professional-professorby profession 就职业来说I don t know what profession would suit me.He is a lawyer by profession.For professional footballers, injures are an occupational

3、hazard.suppose表示 猜想；认为”之意，相当于think或guess,常见用法有：1 后接宾语从句。如：John supposed that he could find some coins soonI don't suppose she will agree with us， will she？2 后接名词或代词不定式（不定式为to be 时常可省略）。如：We all suppose him（ to be ） an expert in this field 3. 与 believe, think, guess expect等样， 后接 so或 not, 后面省略了 宾语

4、部分。如：Will he come with us?他会跟我们来吗？Yes, I suppose sq 我想会的。 Will it rain tomorrow ？明天会下雨吗？一No, I suppose not /I don't suppose so. 我想不会。4与believe， think， guess， expect 一样，可构成复杂特殊疑问句（特殊疑问词 do you suppose 宾语从句的其它部分）。如：When do you suppose they will take the exam ?你认为他们什么时候考 试？Who do you suppose turned

5、 u p last night?你认为昨晚谁来过？5.suppose或supposing放在句首，表条件，引导状语从句，相当于 if或in case等。如： Suppose /Supposing the car breaks down what shall we do?万一车子抛锚，我们怎么办？ Suppose Supposing they didn't believe it， how should we try to persuade them？6.suppose+宾语从句可用来表建议，意为 “怎么样？ ”或 何不? 如： Suppose we go for a picnic tom

6、orrow 我们明天去野餐怎么样？ Suppose we put off the meeting 我们把会议推迟吧。7.be supposed to.意为 应该;被期望；它可以用来表示劝告、建 议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。 e.g： Everyone is supposed to weara seat-belt in the car.每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike师应该对所有的学生一 视同仁。be supposed to 后面接 “ have过去分词"时，或 w

7、as/were +supposed to do 表 示 “本应该做某事而没做” 。如：You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now® 在你应该已经 把作业交上来了。He is supposed to have arrived an hour ag他应该小时前就至 U 了。We were supposed to be here at 8.00, but we are late.3. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a po

8、pular local newspaper.这里是倒装（Inversion）,止匕句的正常句序是 :Zhou Yang will never forget his first assignment atthe office of注意 :当一些否定词,如: never, little, hardly, scarcely, seldom, not, not only, nosooner （ - than刚就）放在句首时，句子部分倒装，即句序为：否定词+助动词+ 主语谓语Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else can you fi

9、nd （你能 找到） such a beautiful place.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life had I felt （我感至） so happy.Only+状语放在句首，部分倒装Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair.Only by seizing every minute can we finish it on time.Only then did we realize that the man was blind.Only wh

10、en his dream comes true does she feel relieved.Only Mike has got the invitation.Only 修饰其他成分，如主语不引起倒装4. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.be to +动词原形,这里表示将来的时态,有注定的意味。His continuous effort is to make him a successful man.（注定）You are to be bac

11、k before 10Pm.必须）The letter is to be handed to him in person. （必须）When are you to leave for home?（按计划或安排要做）She is to be married next month.（按计划或安排要做）You are to report to the police.（应该）You are not to smoke in this room.=You are not suPPosed to smoke in this room.（应该）If we are to be there before ten,

12、 we ' ll have to go noWSQSuch books are to be found in the library.（可能性）If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.（用于aif - were to dog示虚拟语气）was/ were to have done,表示 本打算"、本计划”或 本应当”做的事而没有做 成或没有发生。We were to have told you, but you were not in.短语have a bad, good, benefi

13、cial, harmful, influence with / on 对.有影响under the influence of 在影响下5. But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England!是伦敦 仅受一些入侵者的影响。influence vt. & n. 影响，感化,影响力The book had a great influence on his life.Under the influence of my friend, I bought a red coat.My teacher s influence

14、 made mestudy science at college.He is a man of influence in the city.My teacher influenced my decision to study art.The weather influences crops.affect & influence 意义相近affect 一般指生理 / 物质上的改变influence 较多用于指感觉/态度上的改变e.g. 1) Drinking can affect your ability to drive.2 ) The TV advertisements have i

15、nfluenced my attitude towards drinking and driving.6. delightn.&v.愉快，乐趣，快乐to one ' s delight 感到愉快的是take delight in sth /doing sth 乐于 ,爱好delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴delight in 喜欢 ,嗜好delighted adj.be delighted to doThe kids rushed down to the beach with/ in delight.高兴地To my secret delight, S

16、arah announced that she was leaving 某人暗自高兴Tom takes great delight in making fun of his sister.= delights in喜欢以为乐趣The teacher delighted us with his humor.There are so many delights in travels.1) I took delight _ in _ books.2)_ To _ his delight, he passed the driving test.3) She delights _ in _being s

17、urrounded by admirers.Fill in the blanks with in /to:7.go out on a story/ cover a story.1) . She was sent to cover the even甘艮道，采访2) . The road was covered with snow覆盖3) . She laughed to cover her worry遮盖4) . The red army covered about 30 miles a day.1完多少里路5) . Is the money enough to cover the cost o

18、f a new shirt?(钱)够支付6) . His lecture covered the subject thoroughly” 包括，涉及8. Wait till you are more experienced.等你积累一些经验了才行.experienced adj.有经验的,熟练的，有见识经验丰富的常与介词in或at连用An experienced doctorHe is experienced in/at bargaining.CN 经历 ,经历的事情UN 经验 ,体验That was an unpleasant experience.He hadn t enough expe

19、rience for the job.2) n. experience1) v.经历体验Our country has experienced great changes.9 .eager -eagerly adv渴望地，热切地be eager for /about sth.渴望 ，很想 be eager to do sth.渴望做某事Students are eager for new knowledge 学生们渴望知识I am eager about progress我渴望进步She is eager to visit her bos他急于去看她的老板eagerness n热切，渴望10

20、.assist vt./vi.援助，帮助；assistance n.assistant n.assist (sb) to do sth =assist (sb) in doingassist sb with sth. = help sb with sth 帮某人做某事e.g These measures were designed to assist people with disabilities.You will be required to assist him in preparing a report.This program assists young people to find

21、 work.11 .concentratev.集中，聚集concentration n. 集中，集合concentrate on/upon sth 专心致志做某事She couldn't concentrate on a book very long 她不能长时间专心读本书。同义短语： fix / focus / center one s attention on=put one s heart into=be absorbed in=be buriedin=be devoted to12 . Not only am I interested in photography, but I

22、 took an amateur course at university to updatemy skills.Not only but also导的并列句，如not only位于句首，not only所在句倒装。Not only will I go, but also I will take my parents there.不仅我自己会去，我还会带我的父母去13 .acquire（通过不断的学习，询问慢慢获得学问，技术。）1 . 取得 ,获得The museum has just acquired a famous painting by Pablo Picasso.Gradually

23、we acquiredexperience in how to do the work.2 .学到,掌握She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.辨析：get 为获得的最普通用语obtain 表示经过很长时间或经过很大的努力而获得期望已久得东西。gain表付出更大的努力才能获得，译为赢得。14. have a nose for对很敏感;很善于发现此类形象表达法还有：She has an ear for musict 有欣赏能力She has an

24、eye for color and style in clothes寸有眼光Don' t poke your nosinto other people ' s business. 插手与己无关的事George turned his nose up at classical music.t 不屑一顾，看不起Tell us what happened. We are all earslE在听着，洗耳恭听He turned a deaf ear to what I said 对听不进去Don' t tell him anything. He has a big mouth.

25、不严1.1 inform vt.告知，通知inform sb (of /about sth) tell sbinform sb that eg:1)Did you inform them of the progress of the work?你把工作进程告诉他们 了吗？ 2)We 'll keep you informed (of /about what happens戒们将随时向你报告情 况。16 .meanwhileadv =meantime = in the meantime /meanwhile= at the same time 同时 My mother went shop

26、ping. Meanwhile, I cleaned the house.妈妈去购物，与此同时，我打扫房间。17 .depend on/upon +wh-从句视而定,取决于depend on/ upon+ n 依靠 ,依赖 ,确(坚)信depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做depend on/upon +it +that 指望.That (all) depends./ it all depends. (口语 )视情况而定，单独使用或置于句首。xx：1、 You can ' t depend on your parents foreVe不能永远依赖你的父母。2、 Y

27、ou can ' t depend on him to come on time.T能指望他能按时来。3、You may depend on it that he will come.你可相信他会来。4、I may help you. But that/ it depends.我能帮你，但那要看情况而定。5、 Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work能否通 过考试取决于你有多努力。18.case n事（实）例，情形；情（）况;案件，诉讼eg:1.This is a common case where the w

28、ord can be use遮是这个单词运用的 常用例子。2.The case he was looking into two years ago was settled at lasM 年前他调查 的案件终于结案了。-_in case假使；免得，以防，以防万一（引导状语从句，从句谓语用一般现 在时，不用将来时态）in case of .假使 ,如果发生in any case 无论如何，不管怎样in no case 无论如何不,在任何情况下决不（置于句首时，句子采用倒装语序）in the case of .就来说，至于in this/that case 既然这 /那样，假使这/那样eg:1）I

29、 will stay at home all day long in case he calls m我将一整天呆在家里，以防他给我打电话。2）In case of fire, ring the alarm bell如遇火警，就 按警铃。10 / 173)In no case will I give in to difficulty.我绝不会向困难低头4)You have finished, haven t you? In that case, you may go.19 .accuse vt指责，谴责；控告accuse sb. of sth指控某人做某事 =charge sb. with st

30、h指责某人做某事eg:1)The police accused him of theft警察控告他偷窃。2)He was accused of murder他被控谋杀。归纳总结：remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事/使某人想起某事warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事suspect sb.of sth怀疑某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事cure sb. of sth.治好某人rob sb. of sth.抢了某人20 .Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of

31、getting the wrong end ofthe stick？get the wrong end of the stick 完全误解，弄错He got (held of) the wrong end of the stick 他完全搞错了。21 .so as to do sth.为了不能用在句首=in order to do sth.可放句子中任何位置=so that +从句= in order that +从句句型转换 : I got up at five so as to catch the train= I got up at five in order to catch the

32、train.=I got up at five so that I could catch the train.我买了些牛肉和蔬菜，为的是给晚饭做个汤：I bought some beef and vegetables so as to make a soup for dinner.I bought some beef and vegetables in order to make a soup for dinnerI bought some beef and vegetables so that I could make a soup for dinnerI bought some beef

33、 and vegetables in order that I could make a soup for dinner22.deny vt.1 . 否定 ,否认 +v-ing+(that)There is no denying that.事实不可否认.I do not deny that is a serious blow.我不否认那是严重的击。2 .deny doing=deny having doneHe denied having seen these watches beforeftfl 否认曾经见过这些手表。He didn't deny the facts.他不否认事实。3

34、 .拒绝给予;拒绝 .的要求Women were denied the right tovote then. 那时妇女被拒给选举权。23.scepticalbe sceptical of about his abilitydemand 用作名词，有以下两个用法：表示 “要求 ” ：They rejected the union demand.他们拒绝了 工会的要求。Aren ' t those all reasonable deman（些些难道不都是合理要求吗？表示 “需求 ” ：The supply of apples exceeds the demand this yea今年的苹果

35、供大于求。There is a great demand for typists 需要大量的打字员。These goods are in good demand® 些货物销量彳艮大。There is a great demand for these goods.t这些货物的需求量彳艮大。She is in great demand as a singed为歌后彳艮受欢迎。meet/satisfy the demand 满足需求2 .用作动词，意为“要求 ” 、 “需求 ” ，通常为及物动词，其宾语可以是名词、不定式、 that 从句 （从句谓语通常为虚拟的）。如： 名词（或代词）：T

36、he workers also demanded higher wages!人们还要求 提高工资。不定式： She demanded to see the editors她要求见编辑。He demanded to be told everything.他要求把一切都告诉他。从句：I demand that John （should） go there at onc喊;要求约翰立即到那里 去。They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man.他们要求每 个成年人都应有选举权。比较同义句：He demanaded an

37、 immediate answer= He demanded to get an immediate answer.他要求马上得到答复。He demanded to be told everything. = He demanded that he （should） be told everything.他要求把一切都告诉他。【注】 demand 可后接不定式，但通常不接不定式的复合结构，若意义上需要这类结构，可换成that从句或在demand后接of。如：他要求她同我们一起 去。误： He demanded her to go with us.正： He demanded that she

38、(should) go with us.正： He demanded of her to go with us.3 .表示 向某人要求某物"，可用demand sth of from sb。如：He demanded an apology from the boss他要求老板道歉thorough adj.彻底的，详尽的，完全的，周密的,(人)十分仔细的eg:1) a thorough knowledge of the subject 对这一学科透彻的了解2) The film was a thorough succes盘部电影获得极大的成功3) You must promise me

39、 to take a thorough rest.你得答应让我好好休息一下。4)She is not brilliant, but she is thorough她并非才华横溢，但很细心。thoroughlyadv. 极其完全，彻底thoroughness n.深入，彻底15.ahead of . (时间，空间)在 前面；早于；领先eg:1)Three boys were ahead of usW三个小伙子在我们前面。2)I finished the work several days ahead of the deadlin或在最后期限的前几 天完成了工作 3)She was always

40、well ahead of the rest of the clas鼬总是遥遥领先 班上的同学。ahead of timesenior adj.年长的，高年级的；高级的eg:1)Many of them are published for senior high school students 许多报纸是为 高中生出版的。2)Senior people can visit the place free of charge# 纪大的人可以免费浏览这 个地方。3)Only one manager is senior to me now只有一个经理比我职位高。4)Jill will be a sen

41、ior this year吉尔今年毕业。set to workset to (doing) sth. = get down to (doing) sth.set out to do sth. / set about doing sthpay attention to是他司)look forward todevote to be/get used tolead to stick to object to contribute toaccurate inaccurate adj./ accuracy n.1)That was the accurate report on the affair.2)Is your watch accurate ?3)He is accurate in his judgement / at figures.Polish v. / n.1)You had better ask your teacher t