专四语法易错题整理

1、1. The teacher me for disobedience.A) called .down B) calleduponC) calledoffD) calledout【答案】A【译文】因我不听话，老师训斥了我【试题分析】短语辨义题，要求考生掌握几个跟call组成短语的意思。【详细解答】call down 指挑剔、找麻烦，斥责；call upon指命令；要求；call off指取消；call out指召集使集中；召唤。2. He criticized everything and everybody, and even his teachers.A) ran overB) ran do

2、wnC) ranagainstD) ran into【答案】B【译文】他批评所有的事，所有的人，甚至还诋毁自己的老师。【试题分析】短语辨析题。【详细解答】run.over指撞到，碾过；run.down 指批评，贬低；run.against 指违反，偶遇；o指进入，偶遇。3. In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night, and asked to report what they.A) had been dreaming B) have been dreaming C) are dreami

3、ng D) had dreamt 【答案】B【译文】在实验期间，他们被叫醒几次，报告他们刚刚梦到了什么。【试题分析】语法题，要求考生掌握现在完成进行时的用法。【详细解答】此句要求用现在完成进行时，表示一直进行到现在的动作。4. Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help friendly relations between our two universities.A) foster B) utilizeC) cherish D) raisea)【答案】A【译文】经常的文化交流肯定有助于发展我们两校之间的友好关系。【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考

4、生掌握几个动词的意思和运用。【详细解答】foster指培养，助长；utilize指运用，利用；cherish指珍爱，怀抱（希望）；raise指提高，饲养。5. I'm afraid I will have to her invitation to the party.A） refuseB） refute C） ignoreD） declinea）【答案】Db）【译文】我恐怕不得不谢绝她的晚会邀请。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】decline 意为“婉谢，谢绝”，指对别人的邀请、帮助等比较委婉地 回绝。refuse意为“拒绝”，指对别人的要求、请求等比较直率的，有时比较不客气的拒绝

5、。refute 意为驳斥，反驳。ignore意为“忽视，忽略，不6. He can' t start the car because the battery has.A） run upB） run down C） run overD） run off【答案】B【译文】由于电池耗尽了，他的汽车发动不了。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】run down意为“（动力等）耗尽；（身体）衰弱，疲乏；（钟表）停了，（使） 失灵”。run up意为"升起（旗帜）；欠下（钱财）"。run over意为“撞倒，辗过”。run off意为"撵走，吓跑”。7. With

6、out facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ourthinking.A） upon which to base B） which to base upon C） which to be based onD）to base on which【答案】A【译文】如果没有事实依据，我们就不能形成正确的主张，因为我们要把想法建立在事实的基础上。【试题分析】介词+关系代词+不定式作后置定语。【详细解答】此句需要一个后置定语来修饰factual knowledge ,根据句意应是b

7、ase our thinking (upon) on factual knowledge,因止匕应使用 “介词+ 关系代词 +不定式”的结构作后置定语。8. I'd rather you so rudely to her.A) don' t speak B) won' t speak C) should not speak D) didn ' t speak 【答案】D【译文】我宁愿你不对她这么无礼。【试题分析】would rather后宾语从句的虚拟语气。【详细解答】would rather表示愿望，后接的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反的愿望

8、时，用过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，用过去完成时。9. Today many kinds of electrical are available, which has made housework much easier than before.A) facilitiesB) appliances C) instrumentsD) equipment【答案】B【译文】如今可供使用的电器很多，这使得做家务事比以前容易多了。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】appliance 意为“器具，器械"，electrical appliance 意为“电器"。facility

9、意为“设备，设施"。instrument 意为“仪器”，尤指用于精致工作的工具或仪器。equipment意为"设备，装备”。10. I' m afraid I can ' t you; you ' ll have to go to a hotel.A) put .upB) pick . upC) pull . upD) wake . up【答案】A【译文】恐怕我不能给你提供住处，你得去住旅馆。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】put . up 意为"留住宿；举起；搭建“。pick . up 意为“拾起，拿起；学会，学到“。pull .

10、 up 意为“使(车子)停下"。 wake . up意为“叫醒”。11. Wemust try our best to lower the cost of our products. Otherwise the high cost will our profit.A) cut offB) cut inC) cut shortD) cut into【答案】D【译文】我们必须全力降低产品的成本，否则高成本将使利润大打折扣。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】cut into 意为“减少，降低；插嘴，打断"。cut off 意为“切断；隔绝，挡住；切下来”。cut in 意为

11、“插嘴，夹塞"。cut short 意为“打断(谈话), 中断(活动)”。12. American women were the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hardstruggle.A) ignoredB) neglectedC) deniedD)refused【答案】C【译文】美国妇女很长时间都未被赋予选举的权利，经过多年的斗争，直到1920年她们才争取到了这一权利。【试题分析】同义词语辨析题。【详细解答】deny sb. sth.表示“拒绝给予”。ignore 意为“忽视，忽略，不理睬"。neglect意为

12、“疏忽，忽视"。refuse 意为"拒绝”。13. The factory has several workers because of the drop in sales.A) laid offB) laid outC) laid asideD) laid down【答案】A【译文】由于销售量下降，这家工厂已经解雇了一些工人。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】lay off意为“解雇”。lay out意为“设计，布局；花费，使用”。lay aside 意为"放在一边"。lay down意为"放下；规定，说明”。14. so few pe

13、ople in the street was unusual.A) For there to be B) As there to be C) For there being D) As there being .【答案】A【译文】街上人这么少，真奇怪。【试题分析】句法结构【详细解答】there to be句型做主语时，通常用 for做引导词。所以选择 A项。15. I' m the impression that you ' ve told me about it.A) intoB) onC)ofD) under【答案】D【译文】我模糊记得你给我谈过此事。【试题分析】考查短语。

14、【详细解答】to be under the impression that表示有模糊印象发生过什么事情。16. Many of theimported planes have been lying for years because of therestrictions on the foreign spare parts.A) idleB) vacantC)emptyD) hollow【答案】A【译文】因为对外国零件的限制，许多进口飞机已经闲置了数年。【试题分析】近义词辨析。【详细解答】idle 空闲的，无用的，懒散的； vacant空缺的，未占用的；empty空无 一物的；hollow 中

15、空的17. The rain came on time and would certainly ease the feat the people of inland.A) to faceB) faceC)facingD) faces【答案】C【译文】这场雨下得及时，它将缓解内陆地区的人们面临的高温。【试题分析】考查分词短语的用法【详细解答】分词短语作定语，它的作用相当于定语从句。现在分词短语表示动作是由前面的名词发出的，既可以表示进行中的动作，又可以表示习惯性动作。过去分词短语表示前面的名词是受动者。18. The new cars of the Volkswagon Company are

16、now being at the rate of 1,000every week.A) turned outB) turned downC) turned upD) turnedon【答案】A【译文】大众公司的新车正在以每周1, 000辆的速度生产出来。【试题分析】动词短语的辨析。【详细解答】turn out表示生产，制造；turn down 关小，调低，拒绝；turn up 出现，出席，被发现；turn on 打开，开启。19. The meeting drew to a late in the afternoon.A) nearB) close C) pointD) tail【答案】B【译

17、文】会议在下午结束。【试题分析】考查短语。【详细解答】 draw to a close表示快要结束。 come to an end /a close 也可以表达同样的意思。20. If you don ' t put the food in the refrigerator, it may go.A) offB) overC) wrongD) out【答案】A【译文】你要是不把食物放进冰箱，食物会坏的。【试题分析】词组搭配题。【详细解答】go off意为“(食品)变坏，(疼痛)消失”，符合句意。 go over sth., “浏览，检查，复习"；go out ,“消灭，参加社

18、会活动"； go wrong ,“出错，(机器)坏了，(事情)进展不顺利”，均不符合句21. Ifthis university such a good reputation, I would not have come here.A) didn ' t haveB) hadn' t hadC) doesn' thaveD) hasn ' t had【答案】A【译文】如果这所大学没有一个好声誉，我也不会来了。【试题分析】语法分析题。【详细解答】这是错综时间条件句，是虚拟语气的一种。从句所陈述的条件是与现在事 实相反的一种假设，所以动词用一般过去时；而主

19、句表示的动作与过去的事实相反，所以用 would have done. 的结构。22. The weather is highly at this time of the year and it is hard to know whatto wear.A) variousB) variantC)variableD) varied【答案】C【译文】每年的这时候，天气特别多变，都不知道穿什么好。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】various意为“各种各样的“；variant意为“不同的"；variable 意为“多变的，变化异常的"； varied 意为“变化了的，色彩丰富

20、的”。根据句子意思， 应选C23. You can' t see through a telescope unless it is correctly to your sight.A) adaptedB) adoptedC) adjustedD) accustomed【答案】C【译文】你没法用望远镜观察，除非你把它调好。【试题分析】句义理解和词语辨析题。【详细解答】adjust (to)意为“调整；使适应”，符合句意。adapt sth. to，"改写以适应，使适应(新用途)"；adopt ,“采用，收养，通过(法案)"；accustomsb.to , “

21、使某人习惯于:均不符合句意。24. His discovery counts nothing though he tried very hard.A) onB) forC) inup【答案】B【译文】他的发现毫无价值，尽管他非常努力。【试题分析】词组辨析题。【详细解答】count for 意为“有价值，有重要性"， count for nothing 价值”符合句意。count on "指望，依靠“；count in "把 算进去”； up "把 加起来”，均不符合句意。25. On cloudy nights it is not possible to

22、 see the stars with eye.A) nakedB) barefleshD) pure【答案】A【译文】在多云的夜晚，不可能用肉眼观察到星星。【试题分析】词语搭配题。【详细解答】“ naked eyes"是固定搭配，即肉眼。26. At the first of twelve everyone stopped for lunch.A) soundB) strokemomentD) minute【答案】B【译文】刚敲十二点，每个人都停下来去吃午饭。【试题分析】词语搭配题。【详细解答】钟的敲响声或鸣响用stroke 。27. The mapwas drawn to the

23、 standard of 1/100,000 so there was notA) baseB) lineD)即为“没有countC)C)much detail.C)rateD) scale【答案】D【译文】地图是按1: 100,000的标准比例绘制的，所以不是很详细。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】rate是一般意义上的比率，而实物与图表之间的比例是scale，所以scale是正确答案。28. Her skirt had been so in packing that she had to iron it before going out.A) crushedB) torn C) dir

24、tyD)untidy 【答案】A 【译文】她的裙子在包里给压得很皱，出门前她只好把它熨一下。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】衣服给压皱了是 crushed , torn是弄破了，dirty 是脏了，untidy则是不 整齐，没有条理性，所以只有 crushed符合句意。29. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two of paint on a clean surface.A. coatsB. levelsC. timesD.coursesA)【句意】为获得一个满意的结果，你必须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。【难点】coat意为

25、“覆盖物，层" ；level意为“(建筑物)楼层"；times意为“次，回"；courses意为“(一层)砖面；一排”。30. The beach is in an ideal to draw tourists.A) conditionB. situationC.stateD. publicityB) 【句意】这片海滩所处位置理想，吸引了很多游客。【难点】condition 意为“状况；形势”;situation 意为"位置，地点，环境"；state 意为"状态，情形" publicity意为“公众的注意，名声”。31. O

26、ur sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensible B. senselessC. sensitiveD.sensorya) D) 【句意】我们的感官能力随着年龄的增长而下降。比如说，到 60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们40%勺嗅觉能力和50%勺味觉能力。【难点】sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;senseless 意为“失去知觉的，不省人事的

27、"sensitive 意为“敏感的"sensory 意为“感觉的，传递感觉 的”。32. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere.A) as it is B. so isC. the sameasD. and so isB) 【句意】正像土壤是地球的一部分，大气层也是。【难点】Just as., so.为一固定结构，意为“正如，也。33. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may a gas.A. give intoB. give ov

28、erC. give offD.give awayC)【句意】如果一种物质溶解在水里或被加热，它可能释放出一种气体。【难点】 give into为非固定搭配；give over 意为“托付，交托”；give off意为“散发”；give away意为“送掉，分发(奖品)等”。34. This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art community any of them could individually and to promote W

29、estern art by women.A. rather thanB. ratherC.thanD. other thanC) 【句意】该组织把西部艺术家聚集在一起，希望他们比任何个人都能更多地影响艺术界，并由妇女来促进西部艺术。【难点】选项C）的than与句中的more形成正确搭配，意为“比都”，故为答案。35. You should have your eyes tested every year in case the of yourspectacles need changing.B. glasses C. sightsD.crystalsA）【句意】你应该每年检查一次自己的眼睛，因

30、为你的眼镜镜片也许需要更换。【难点】lenses意为"镜片"；glasses意为"眼镜"；sights意为“视野；风景”；crystals 意为“水晶，晶体”。36. The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be with the students and their parents.A. recognizedB. popularC. favorableD.fascinatedB）【句意】校董会希望他们选择的那出剧会受到孩子和家长的欢迎。【难点】popular意为“讨人喜欢的；

31、 得人心的；受欢迎的“。recognized意为“被赏识的；受表彰的"。favorable意为“赢得赞许的；讨人喜欢的”，但后面不能接with。fascinated 意为“被迷住的，被弄得神魂颠倒的”。37. My father is so deaf that he has to use a hearing A） helpB.aidC. supportD. toolB） 【句意】我父亲耳聋得厉害，不得不使用助听器。【难点】aid意为“辅助器具"；help意为“帮助"；support意为“支持"；tool意为“工具”。38. On New Year'

32、; s Eve, there will be a firework at People ' s Square.A. displayB. performance C. showD.exhibitionA）【句意】新年除夕，人民广场将举行焰火表演。【难点】 display 意为“展示性表演"；performance意为“文艺演出；表演“；show 意为“展览；展览会"；exhibition 也是“展览会”，属销售性质。39. It was during summer breaks that we first taste the satisfaction work tha

33、t into hard currency.A. translatesB.transfersC. transplantsD.transmitsA）【句意】暑假期间，我们第一次尝到了把劳动变成货币的滋味。【难点】 translate 意为“变换，把转化成"；transfer 意为“移交，迁移”；transplant 意为“移植（器官）" ；transmit意为“传染（疾病），传达（知识）”。40. . Mr. Milton prefers to resign part in such dishonest business deals.A.thantakeB.than to ta

34、keC. rather than takeD. ratherthan to takeC）【句意】米尔先生宁愿辞职也不参加这种不诚实的商业交易。【难点】 prefer意为“宁愿”，其后接名词或动词不定式；prefer to dosth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿而不愿"，rather than 后接不带to的不定式。41. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything goingon in the world.A. it isB. as isC. thereisD. w

35、hat isC）【句意】大家都没有时间去读或去听有关世界上正在发生的一切事件的描述。【难点】 在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词便可省略。42. You should have put the milk into the icebox, I expect it undrinkable.A. becameB. had become C. has becomeD.becomesC）【句意】你本该把牛奶放到冰里。我想现在这牛奶不能喝了。【难点】从句意分析，牛奶已经变质，不能喝了，属过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，再加上by now是现在完成时的典型时间状语，故选C

36、）43. She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children itby mistake.A. tookB. should takeC. had takenD.would takeB）【句意】她总是把自己的药放到搁架上以免孩子错拿。【难点】lest意为“以免”，后接虚拟语气should+动词原形。44. Many automobile accidents were careless driving.A. attributed toB. resulted in C. contributed toD. rai

37、sed fromA）【句意】许多汽车交通事故都起因于莽撞驾车。【难点】attribute to意为“把归因于；contribute to意为“有助于，促成“；result in 意为“导致，结果造成"；raise from 不是固定搭配。45. It takes a lot of to put on a school play such as King Lear.A. organization B. arrangement C. management D. preparationA【句意】上演李尔王这样一部校园剧需要大量的组织工作。【难点】organization 意为“组织（行为）

38、"；arrangement意为"安排"；management意为"经营，管理"；preparation 意为"准备（状态）；准备工作”。46. Tom has been a vegetarian principle for years.A. inB. on C. forD. byB）【句意】 多年来，汤姆一直是一个按原则行事的素食者。【难点】on principle 意为“根据行为准则；按照原则"；in principle 意为“原则上；基本上；大体上“。for和by不与principle 搭配。47. the water

39、left in the kettle, the doctor put several things he unwrapped from a handkerchief.A. At B. To C. Within D. IntoD）【句意】那位医生打开手帕里包着的几样东西，放入了壶内剩下的水里。【难点】为强调放入水中，把地点状语放到了句首。48. The of AIDS has led to an expansion in research seeking a cure.A. innovation B. selection C. proliferationD. convictionC）【句意】爱滋

40、病的扩散使得人们做更多的研究工作去寻找治疗的方法。【难点】proliferation 意为“激增；扩散"；innovation 意为“革新，创新“；selection 意为“选择；选拔" conviction 意为“定罪，判罪”。49. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happenedB）【句意】电视使我们能

41、够在事情发生的那一瞬间就看到它们是如何发生的。【难点】moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句。B）符合题意要求。50. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we grab a bite at the snackbar.A. may wellB.just as wellC. might as wellD. as wellC）【句意】既然火车一个小时以后才开，我们不妨到快餐店吃口东西。【难点】might as well后接动词原形，意为“不妨，何不”。51. It is with the customer not to l

42、et the shop assistants guess what shereally likes and wants until the last moment.A. in her honorB. on her honorC. a point of honorD. an honorC) 【句意】 对于顾客来说，直到最后时刻才让售货员猜出她真正喜欢什么，真正想买什么，这是一个涉及面子的问题。【难点】 a point of honor 意为“涉及名誉的事情”； in one s honor 意为“为某人的荣誉”； on one s honor 意为“以名誉担保”； an honor 意为“光荣的

43、人或事”。52. This house will probably come on the next month.A) fair B. marketC. shopD. storeB) 【句意】这座房子可能下月上市。【难点】 on the market 意为“上市， 出售”； fair 意为“集市； 庙会； 交易会” ;shop 是“商店”；store 是“储存；仓库”。53. An institution that properly carries the nameuniversity is a more comprehensive and complex institution than a

44、ny other kind of higher education.A. settlement B. establishmentC. construction D. structureB) 【句意】 能称得上大学称号的机构是一个比其他种类高等教育机构都更复杂更综合的机构。【难点】 establishment 意为“企业， 设施 (公司， 学校， 医院， 教会等) ”； settlement意为“定居点； 殖民地”； construction 意为“建造； 建筑物”； structure 是“结构，构造”。54. . he's already heard the news.A. Chan

45、ces areB. Chance isC. Opportunities areD. Opportunity is B55. , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidlythan a man whose command of language is poor.A. Other things being equalB. Were other things equalC. To be equal to other thingsD. Other things to be equal A56. A go

46、od many houses knocked down by the earthquake.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are B57. All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully the risks and benefits.A. weighingB. valuingC. evaluatingD. distinguishing A58. Columbus' decision to sail west to reach the East on hi

47、s belief that theearth was round.A. existedB. satC. relaxedD. rested D59. I like to go to the cinema when I am in the for it.A. more than to goB. than goingC. rather than to goD. more than going D60. I'm sorry, but what he thinks is not of the important to me.A. worthyB. valuableC. valuelessD. p

48、riceless B61. While being questioned on the court, the man denied the old lady ' s necklace.A. having takenB. takingC. to have taken D. to takeA）【句意】法庭传训他的时候，他否认拿了老太太的项链。【难点】deny后需接动名词，由于动作是过去发生的，所以选A）,动名词的完成式。62. It was dark in the cave so she a match.A. struckB. hitC. firedD. burnedA）【句意】岩洞里很黑

49、，她燃着了一根火柴。【难点】strike 意为“擦（火柴）”，其它几个词不能和matches搭配。63. Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is with a cold.A. laid out B. laid upC. laid byD. laid downB）【句意】玛丽不能来参加生日晚会了，因为她患了感冒，卧床在家。【难点】lay up意为“因痛（或伤残）卧床”，常用被动语态；lay out意为“摆出，展开“；lay by 意为“储存"；lay down意为"牺牲，献出”。64. Cla

50、ssification is a useful to the organization of knowledge in any field.A. means B. approach C. mode D. mannerB）【句意】分类是组织任何领域知识内容的有效方式。【难点】 approach作“方式，方法；态度”讲时，后接介词 to,其它几个词没有这 种用法。65. The human race has already paid a heavy price for its slow to environmental threats.A. responseB. responsibilityC.

51、resolutionD. resistanceA）【句意】人类已为他们对环境威胁作出的迟缓反应付出了重大代价。【难点】response意为"反应"后接介词to responsibility意为"责任”；resolution 意为“决心，决定“； resistance 意为"抵抗"。66. My grandfather accidentally fire to the house.B. tookD. gotC【句意】我爷爷不小心放火烧着了房子。【难点】词组set fire to 意为“点燃，使燃烧”。67. If you want childre

52、n to work hard you must their interests instead of their sense of duty.A. appeal toB. look into C. give rise toD. go in forA）【句意】如果你要孩子们努力学习，你必须唤起他们的兴趣而不是责任感。【难点】appeal to意为“有感染力，有吸引力”；look into意为"调查，观察”；give rise to 意为“弓I起，导致“；go in for 意为“爱好；从事，参与”。68. Basically a robot is a machine which mov

53、es, manipulates, joins or processes in the same way as human hand or arm.A. charactersB. componentsD. collectionsB【句意】机器人基本上是一台机器，它像人的手臂一样移动、操纵、结合或加工零件。【难点】component意为“零件；成分"；character 意为“特性；人格”；catalogue 意为"目录"； collection 意为"收集"。69. The man sitting opposite me smiled dream

54、ily, as if something pleasant in the past.A. to rememberB. rememberedC. having been rememberedD. rememberingA）【句意】坐在我对面的那个人梦幻般地笑着，好像回想起过去发生的某件高兴的事。【难点】"as if +不定式”是一个常见的结构，意为“好像”。70. and wage increases have not kept in step.A. ProductionB. ProductC. ProduceD. ProductivityD）【句意】生产率的提高和工资的提高没有保持同

55、步。【难点】productivity意为“生产力；生产率”；production意为“生产；制造"；product意为“产品”；produce意为"农产品"。71. The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it , was that he was involved in a lot offraudulent activities during the war.A. was turned outB. was being turned outC. being turned out D.

56、turned outD）【句意】后来证明他的财产被国家没收的原因是，战争期间他参与了诈骗活动。【难点】 it turned out （to be）这里作插入语，意为"证明是”。72. With one leg broken in that car accident, he cannot even walk, run.A. let aloneB. that ' s to say C. not to speak D. not tomentionA）【句意】在车祸中，他的一条腿骨折，他连走路都不行，更不用说跑了。【难点】let alone意为"更不必说"；not to mention意为"再加上"；that isto sa