小学英语-现在完成时

1、新概念英语语法串讲 一一现在完成时现在完成时指的是过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果， 过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。二、现在完成时的结构1）肯定式：主语+ have / has +过去分词2）否定 式：主语+ have / has + not +过去分词3） 一般疑问式 Have / Has +主语+过 去分词4）特殊疑问式特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词三、现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时常用的时间状语包括“already, yet,ever, etc”例如： We have learned about 3000 English wo

2、rds by the end of this term.至U 上学期末我们已经学了 3000个英语单词。注息：1）当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用 for或since引导的状语。例如：I ' ve known Li Li for 4 years.认识 xx 已经 4 年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago.自从 8 年前我就在这工作。注意：for和since的用法。for+时段为时间since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）It is+时段+since+A句（过去时）四、过去分词变化规则如下：

3、1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构 成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加ed。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)以“心吉尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d。” live-lived-lived ,以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i",再加“ ed。”study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加"_ _| 力 ed。stop-stopped-sto

4、pped , drop-dropped-dropped2、不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。例如 ；cut- cut- cut,hit-hit- hit.get up f be upleave, move be awaygo out f be outborrow keepfinish/end be overopen be openclose f be closedjoinbe a-member of六、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如 already (肯定),yet (否定，疑问)，just, before, recently,still, lately,never

5、等.例如:He has already finished the work.典型例题 1: His father the party since 1978A.joindB.has joinedC.was inD.has been in解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。since 1978表达 自从年一直到现在工表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，而 且动词必须是延续性动词，AB均为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，故排除；C为一般过去时，也不行。答案；D.要牢记：一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday,last week , two years ag

6、o ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since, for等表示一段时间的状语连用。现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结 果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。典型例题 2: -you your homework yet ?一Yes . I it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finishedB.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finished解

7、析：本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。问句中的yet表明应该用现在完成时，而回答中的 a moment ago是一个表示过去的时间状语，应 该用一般过去时。答案：B附表：动词一一过去式一一过去分词AAA型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）：cost cost costcut cut cutlet let letput putputread read read2、ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）：bring brought broughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuybought boughtcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfeltfindfound

8、foundgetgotgothavehadhadhearheardheardholdheldheldkeepkeptkeptM learnlearnt learntleaveleftleftlend lentlentmake made mademeetmetmetpaypaidpaidsaysaid saidsellsoldsoldsendsentsentshineshoneshonesitsatsatsleepsleptsleptM smellsmeltsmeltspendspentspentstandstoodstoodteachtaught taughttelltoldtoldthink

9、thoughtthoughtunderstandunderstoodunderstoodbeatbeatbeaten现在完成时练习一、选择填空C. have lived there D. have left the university4. I a letter from him since he left.A. didn't receiveB. haven't gotC. didn't have D. haven't heard5. Where have you these days I have to Dalian with my friends.A. be

10、en; goneB. been; been C. gone; been D. gone; gone6. How long have you this bookA. boughtB.borrowedC.had D.lent7. Where's Peter? He to NanjingA. is goingB.has beenC.has goneD.went8. We have lived here five years agoA. when B. sinceC. before D. after9. I have watched the game.When you itA. have; w

11、atchedB. do; watch C. did; watchD. will; watch20. Miss Brown to the Great Wall twice.A. have been B. has been C. have gone D. has gone二.用动词的适当形式填空6. 一 Where's Li Ming? He(go) to the teacher's office.7.I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.8. 一 How long the Wangs(stay) here ? For twoweeks.三

12、.句型转换(每空一词)四. 填入 has / have been 或 has / have gone.1. Harry： I saw you in Annabel's Restaurant last night.Diana： No, it wasn't me. I never there.2. Sam： Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren't they? Where they?Sue：To Florida, again.Sami:How many times they there?Sue： This is their third vis

13、it.3. Steve： Can I speak to Jill, please?Lynn： She's out, I'm afraid. She to the cinema this evening.Steve： Again? She alreadyto the cinema three times thisweek.五、 用for 或 since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been