语法复习7：非谓语动词（修订）

1、高三英语专题复习要点回顾与精练专题06 非谓语动词一、【语境导入】从括弧中选择合适的形式完成句中空白处使得语意通顺完整。Survivors of the Titanic泰坦尼克号的幸存者The story about Titanic is _(heartbroken/ heartbreaking / to heartbreak). Only about 700 people survived the disaster, living _(to tell/ telling / to be told)their stories to newspapers.Philip Zanni was trav

2、eling to the US in the third class. _(Sleeping / Having slept / To sleep)in the ship, he heard a loud crash. He immediately ran to the upper deck and saw men_(to lower / lowering) lifeboats. He tried to jump into one of them. But an officer_ (holding/ to hold )a gun stopped him, _(to shout/ shouting

3、 ), “Women and children first.” Moments later, the officer turned away and Zanni jumped on. _( Hidden/ Having hidden) under one of the seats on the boat, he was carried away. There were twenty women and three men in the boat. They rowed quickly, with people _( crying/ to be crying) for help in water

4、. When they were about two miles away, they saw the Titanic sink. It wasnt until five in the morning that they saw a rescue ship_ (arrive/ arriving/ to arrive) .While the survivors were being raised to the rescue ship, a woman begged Zanni to save her dog._( Having stayed/ Staying) with the dog for

5、a long time, she couldnt stand _( leaving/ to leave) it alone. Mary Davis, a second-class passenger, was traveling to visit her sister in London. When/While sleeping on the ship, she heard the noise. _(Having told/ Having been told ) that there was no danger, she returned to bed. A few minutes later

6、, she was told to go to the highest deck because the ship was sinking. Two men helped her_ (getting / get) on a lifeboat, and she was lowered onto water in it, her body _(trembling/to tremble). In the morning, the rescue ship found them _(standing/ stand) on the boat and saved them. When Ms Davis di

7、ed in 1987 at the age of 104, she had lived to be older than any other Titanic survivor.二【考纲解读】非谓语动词是历年来的考查重点之一，因为它们结构复杂，功能繁多，也是考生难于掌握的语法点， 2012年的高考题中考查共有33题之多。考查重点主要有不定式的完成式、被动式、进行式、否定结构及省略形式；不定式和分词作后置定语的区别；只能接动名词的动词和接动名词、不定式有区别的动词的用法；动名词的被动用法及分词作为定语、状语、宾补的用法。尤其是作状语的用法，在非谓语动词的考题中占的比例最大；其次是非谓语动词作补语和

8、宾语的用法，也占一定的比例。不管怎么考，基本上离不开非谓语动词的基本用法，只是题干的设置注重了句子结构的复杂化和语境化。所以做非谓语动词题不仅要理清句子的结构，还要理解句子的意思。毋庸置疑，来年高考中，非谓语动词定是一个考查热点。三、【考点联想】【概念图解读】考点一 ：英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。考点二 ：作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动

9、词的要求不同。 动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 考点三 ：非谓语动词仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主

10、语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，则要用独立主格结构。 考点四： 非谓语动词仍具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行)；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。 考点五： 非谓语动词（动词不定式或动名词）作主语主要

11、考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。 考点六： 主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态；用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。【提醒】非谓语动词的做题步骤 ： 1、判定是否用非

12、谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。四【基础训练】（一）根据中文提示完成下列句子。1. 发展中国家超过10亿的人喝不上安全水。More than 1 billion people in _ countries do not think safe water. 2. 英语现在是一门国际语

13、言，约有7.5亿人说英语。English is now an international language, _ by about 750 million people. 3. 城市很拥挤，乡村却很美丽。 Although the cities were _, the countryside was beautiful. 4. 他的确很风趣，而且当他认为我们感到厌烦时，就会给我们讲笑话。Hes really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks were getting _. 5. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。When I came in,

14、I found a strange girl _ in the corner. 6. 我听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。I heard a huge noise _ from the bay. 7. 到家后，他把我领进了一个宽敞、明亮、洁净的房间。_home, he showed me into a large bright clean room. 8. 我在夏威夷经历过好几次地震，因此没有太在意。_ quite a few earthquake in Hawai already, I didnt take much notice. 9. 大自然为香格里拉提供了无数的自然宝藏，使得这片土地成为当

15、地人民的幸福家园。Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, _the land a happy home for the local people. 10. 这本书是在1932年由一个叫奥尔德斯.赫胥黎的英国人写的，一问世就成了人们争相议论的话题。_in 1932 by an Englishman called Aldous Huxley, it became a subject of much discussion as soon as it first appeared. （二）根据短文语境用所给动词的适当

16、形式填空。Planning Our Future Many people are eager _(talk) about their future. They seem _(make)great decisions.Future plans need _(make)when we are old enough. Now that Im in college, I have a plan to make too. I want _(be) a lawyer. For a few weeks, Ive been thinking about my plan. And some of my frie

17、nds seem to be doing the same thing.Mary is my friend and shes studying computer at a university. She is happy _(make)a great plan. She will work for the White House!Jack is another friend of mine. He is a teacher now. But he would like to have become a doctor. At the age of five, he was badly ill a

18、nd spent several months in hospital. Then he made up his mind_(become)a doctor. He wished his dream _(come true).(三) 选择填空：从ABCD中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。1. -May I have some more coffee, please? -Im sorry, but there doesnt seem to be_.A1eft any B. any leftCleaving any Dany to leave2. Carbon dioxide _ from burn

19、ing fuels is the most common of the socalled greenhouse gases.A. producing B. produced C. to be produced D. having been produced3. _ alone in the large house, the little boy had to learn to survive by himself.ATo leave BLeaving CLeft D. Being left4. Auckland is a most exciting city with people of ma

20、ny different cultures _ there.Alive Bhaving lived Clived D. living5. A brilliant idea occurred to him, _ to his research in the lab. A. while devoting B. while devoting himself C. while he was devoted D. while devoted 6. With no central government，the island was ruled by kings, _ a different region

21、of the countryAeach controlling Beach controlledCeach to control Deach was controlling7. _ the chapter four times, I finally understood the authors theoryAReading BHaving read CTo read DRead8. The Hotel Al Arab _ the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape of a sail of 321

22、 meters. Awas consideredBconsidering Cbeing considered Dconsidered9. Babrack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States，_ a new chapter in the countrys history Aopened Bopens Copening D to open10. With all the novels he was interested in _, he left the library and went back to his dor

23、m.A. borrowed B. borrowing C. to borrow D. borrow11. Time should be made good use of_ our lessons well.A. to learn B. learning C. learn D. learnt 12. Your cousin is said _ a new computer programme recently, but do you know when he will finish it?A. to design B. to be designing C. to have been design

24、ing D. to have designed13. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as _ beyond our immediate needs.A. to be seen B. to see C. seeing D. having seen14. Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem _all the time. A. to get worse B. to be

25、getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse15. There are five pairs_, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing16. _the working efficiency，the boss allows the employees to have a coffee break.AImproving BTo improve CHaving improved DImprove

26、d17. If the building project_ by the end of this month is delayed，the construction company will be fined.Abeing completed Bis completed Cto be completed Dcompleted18. With a report_ about the accident，I have to find some witnesses for help. Awrite Bwriting Cwritten Dto write19. An air France jet is

27、reported _ in the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people aboard, the airlines worst disaster in its 75-year history.A. to have crashed B. to have been crashed C. having crashed D. having been crashed20. -I wonder whom you are waiting for.-The policeman _ the traffic accident.Adealt with Bto deal with Cwill

28、deal with Dto be dealt with1. BBCDC 6. ABDCA 11ACBBA 16.BCDAB 五【真题提能】1.【2012江西】Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.AspeakingBhaving spokenCto speakDto have spoken2.【2012江西】John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.AofferedB

29、offeringCto offerDto be offered3.【2012湖南】The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. startingB. being startedC. to startD. to be started4.【2012湖南】Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use5.【2012湖南】Weve had a good

30、start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success.A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do6.【2012重庆】Before you quit your job, _how your family would feel about your decision.A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered7.【2012重庆】Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decis

31、ion _ at the meeting will in the future of our company.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made8.【2012重庆】_to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked9.【2012辽宁】This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to u

32、se it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate10.【2012辽宁】The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows11.【2012四川】 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the s

33、ky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found12.【2012四川】I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound13.【2012四川】Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _. A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash14

34、.【2012四川】 I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely wont make _ difference to me.A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a 15.【2012陕西】_ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand16.【2012陕西】If he takes on this work, he will have no

35、 choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet17.【2012北京】One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting18.【2012北京】_ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use 19.【2012全国II】The ol

36、d man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched 20.【2012全国II】Tony lent me the money, _that Id do as much for him.A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped21.【2012北京】Birds singing is sometimes a warn

37、ing to other birds _ away.A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay22.【2012天津】He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left23.【2012全国新课程】Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having

38、compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to24.【2012全国新课程】The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit25.【2012山东】After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided

39、 D. provide26.【2012山东】George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 27.【2012福建】China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.A. attacking B. having

40、attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked28.【2012福建】Pressed from his parents, and _that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized29.【2012浙江】No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times w

41、hen its better_silent.A. remainB. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain30.【2012江苏】_an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base31.【2012安徽】When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very inte

42、resting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked32.【2012安徽】I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 33.【2011全国】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A. rose B. r

43、ising C. to rise D. risen 34.【2011全国II】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined35.【2011北京】Its important for the figures regularly.A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated36.【2011北京】Sit down, Emma. You

44、will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept37.【2011天津】Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried38.【2011天津】 into English, the sentence was found to have an e

45、ntirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated39.【2011上海春招】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished.A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking40.【2011山东】Look over theretheres a very long, winding path

46、 up to the house.A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead41.【2011江苏】Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared42.【2011福建】Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outs

47、tanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded43.【2011福建】The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold44.【2011安徽卷】Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into sm

48、all pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break45.【2011浙江】Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.A. having B had C. have D. to have46.【2011浙江】Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost47.【2011浙江】

49、If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered48.【2011四川】Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep49.【2011四川】 an

50、important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer50.【2011重庆】More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced peoples concern over food safety.A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised51.【2011重庆】Michael p

51、ut up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind52.【2011陕西】Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked53.【2011陕西】More highways have been built in China,_ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made 54.【2011湖南】The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself A expressing B expressed C to express D to be express