高考英语语法讲解及考点练习介词(含解析)

1、2020 年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习 介词（含解析）介词重难点分析介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语在句中可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。、介词从结构上分类一览表介词的分类简单介词只用单独一个词的介词： after , at, on, in, during, since, till/until等（时间介词）；across ,over, through, past, near, to, above 等（方位介词）；by, for, down, from, of

2、, off, behind , below, beneath, beside , between, beyond , up, with, about, against , along , among,around 等复合由两个词合成的介词：into, inside , onto, outside , throughout, towards, upon, within,介词without 等形容词、分词或副词 + 介词：according to, away from , down to, inside of, near to , oppositeto, owing to 等短语连词 + 介词：a

3、s for , as to , because of 等介词介词 + 介词（又称双重介词 ）：from among, from behind , from under, till after等介词+名词+介词:等by means of , in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to名词+介词：thanks to由其分词concerningconsidering鉴于,including 包括,regarding他词形容词或副词like 像，near 接近,opposite 在 面，unlike 不像，round 围绕 ，类转ne

4、xt和 接邻用连词than 比，but除了 之外名词despite 不管、/、顾二、主要介词的区别1 .表示时间的at , in , onat 表示片刻的时间。 如：at 8 a。m.。常用词组有：at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night , at midnight, at the end of , at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, at New Year 等.in 表示段时间。如 :in the morning/afternoon/evening,in October, in 2008, in the 21st

5、 century ,in summer, in the past, in the future, in five days等。on 指具体的或特定的日子。如： on Monday ， on Christmas Eve ， on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12 th , on that day 等。2. 表示时间的 for ， since 与 fromfor 后接时间段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久. 如：Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years.布朗先

6、生在那个小山村住了差不多 30 年。since后接过去某一时间点，表示“自从以来 ,常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。如：We haven t seen each other since 2005。 自从 2005 年以来 , 我们彼此没见过面。from 自起,可与多种时态连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today。 我希望从今天早晨开始锻炼身体。3. 表示时间的 in 与 afterin+ 时间段，一般用于将来时. 如： We will be back in three days. 我们将在 3天后回来 .after+ 时间段，一般用于过去

7、时。如： After two months ， he returned 。 两个月后 , 他回来了。注意 : after+ 时间点，可用于过去时和将来时。如：After seven ， the rain began to fall 。 七点后开始下雨。We will leave after lunch 。 我们将在午饭后动身。4. 表示方位的 in, on 与 toin 表示在内。如：Beijing is in the north of China。北京位于华北。on指与接壤、在河 /江畔。如：North Korea lies on the east of China.朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。t

8、o 指在境外某方向，只强调方向。如： Japan lies to the east of China 。 日本在中国的东方。5. 表示“在上”的 on与inon 只表示在某物的表面上。如：There is a book on the piece of paper。 有一本书在这页纸上。There is a mark on your skirt.你裙子上有一块斑。in 表示占去某物的一部分。如 :There is an interesting article in the newspaper。 报纸上有一篇有趣的文章。He dug a hole in the wall. 他在墙上挖了一个洞。6.

9、 表示“穿过的 through , across 与 overthrough 指从内部穿过； across 则指表面上的横穿； over 指从上方过去、跨越。如：The elephant can t go through the gate. 大象不能从门里穿过。I help the blind man across the road。 我帮助那位盲人过马路。He climbed over the wall. 他从墙上爬了过去。7. in the end ， at the end of 与 by the end ofin the end 意为“最后、终于” ，与 at last, finally

10、 同义 . 如：In the end they reached a safe place 。 最后，他们终于到达了一个安全的地方 .at the end of 表示在末尾、到尽头，既可指时间或位置，也可指物体。如 ：At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden。 马路的尽头有一个漂亮的花园。They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week。 他们决定在这个周末举行一个英语晚会。by the end of 意为“到末为止”，只能指时间。常用于完成时，也用于将来时。如

11、：By the end of the holiday, I had spent all my money. 到假期结束时, 我已经花光了自己所有的钱。By the end of the week, you will have a clear idea of what your eating habits are. 到这周 末你便会清楚自己的饮食习惯了。8. between 与 amongbetween 一般表示两者之间 . 如：You are to sit between your father and me。 你就坐在我和你父亲之间吧。among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如 ：The gir

12、l quickly disappeared among the crowd。 那个女孩很快就消失在人群之中 .注意: 有时虽然是三个以上的人或事物 , 但如果强调两两相互间的关系，仍用 between 。如：Agreements were made between the different countries.不同国家之间达成了协议。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用 between。如：They dontknow the difference between wheat ， oats and barley 。 他们不知道小麦、燕麦与大麦之间的区别。9. besides, but ， except

13、与 except forbesides指除了还有，与in addition to/apart from/aside from同义.作连接副词时，意为“此外” 。如： Two foreign teachers were present at the meeting besides Smith. 除了史密斯之外，还有 两名外籍教师出席了会议。but 作介词时，意为“除了 （之外）“，常用在 no, all , nobody , anywhere, everything , no 等词和其他疑问词后面。如： Who but a fool would do such a thing ？ 除了傻瓜谁会做

14、这样的事?except与except for都意为“除外”，两者一般都不能位于句首。但except后接的词同整体词（主 语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。 except for 后接的词同整体词（主语）不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节. 如：The office is open every day except Sundays。 除了星期日这家公司每天都营业 .His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes。 除了一些拼写错误，他的日记写得还不错。10. 表示用工具和手段的 by ， in 与 withby表用工具（by

15、train/hand/land/e mail）或手段（by reading ），其后的动词用动名词。如 ：by hand 手工by this means用这种方法with 表用有形的工具或身体某些器官 （with a pencil/our eyes） ，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词修饰. 如:They are writing with chalk 。 他们用粉笔写字。in 表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。如：in English 用英语in a low voice低声地；小声地11. as 与 likeas 指身份、资格，意为“作为” . 如：Let me speak to

16、you as a father. （事实上是父亲）like意为像一样。如：Let me speak to you like a father. （事实上不是父亲）12。表示“随着”的 as与withas 为连词，后接从句。如： As the day went on ， the weather got worse 。 随着日子一天天过去， 天气越来越糟了。with 为介词，后接名词或代词等。如： With spring coming on ， the weather gets warmer. 随着春 天的到来 , 天气越来越暖和了 .考点练透一、单句填空用适当的介词填空。1. （1 ） the

17、night of May 4 th ， my good friend left for Canada.（ 1） night you can see the stars in the sky。（ 3） a cold morning Marie was woken up by a loud noise。（ 4） the morning she often has milk and some bread for breakfast.（ 5） the 1970s we had a hard time 。2. (1 ) Kate is writing a friend of hers。3. ) Kate

18、 is writing a piece of paper。4. 3) Kate is writing in blue ink。5. ) Kate is writing a piece of chalk on the blackboardt write.6. ) Kate is writing a letter an old man who can3。 ( 1) We all passed the exam the end.( 2) We had finished learning five books the end of last term( 3) We will hold a party

19、the end of this term。4。 ( 1) The apples the tree are ripe。 2) 2) The birds the tree are singing merrily。 3) There is a map of China the back wall.(4 ) There is a small hole the wall。5。 ( 1) China lies the west of Japan.( 2) Canada lies the north of USA.( 3) Canada lies the north of North America.6。

20、(1) He can do everything cooking。(2) 2) He can speak two other languages English。(3) He did nothing watched TV all day。(4) The road was empty several cars at that time.7。 ( 1 ) The man tried to walk the big rock。(2) The man walked the road and got on a bus.(3) The man saw some beautiful birds when w

21、alking the woods.8。 ( 1) There is no secret you and me 。(2) You are the tallest my friends。(3) There is a break classes.9。 (1) time passed, things seemed to get worse.(2 ) time going by ， he knows more and more 。10。 (1) He will leave for Korea three days.(2) He went to Beijing and returned three day

22、s。(3) 3) He will be back 3 p.m 。(4) He has lived in Paris three years ago.2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习介词（含解析）(5) It kept raining heavily Monday Wednesday、语篇填空 在括号内填入适当的介词It was so nice an afternoon that I decided to go for a little walk 1 my new boots一the ones I had seen advertised on TV 2the world s best boo

23、ts 。 Well ,3 theory,yes, they were very comfortable boots but I soon found that in fact they gave me blisters。 Ingeneral I do enjoy walking, but at that moment all I wanted was rest and refreshment, in other words, I needed to sit down, have a drink and go home 4 the bus. The last bus home was in ha

24、lf an hour and I was far 5 the bus stop so I would have to get there 6 a hurry. At last I got to the bus stop just in time7 a drink at the pub before the bus came. Ilimped to the bus stop in the hope 8getting on。 But I was out of luck because the buswas full up - not even standing room ! I knew I wo

25、uld never make it home on foot and I was 9 the point of returning to the pub to drown my sorrows when another bus came round the corner, completely empty。 I got on, sat by myself at the back and started to feel 10peace withthe world again as I took off my boots!三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

26、With the rise of humancivilization about 8, 000 years ago and especially 1 the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1700s, humanbeings began to alter(改变)the surface, water, and atmosphereof the Earth. In doing so, 2 have become active geological agents, not unlike other forcesof change that influence th

27、e planet 。 As a result , Earths immediate future depends, 3 agreatextent , on the 4 (behave ) of humanbeings. For example, 5 widespread use of fossil fuels is releasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and 6 (threat )to warm the planet s surface 。 This global warming cou

28、ld melt glaciers and the polar ice caps,7 could flood coastlines around the world and many island nations 。 In effect, the carbon dioxide that 8 (remove ) from Earths early atmosphere by the oceans and by primitive plant and animal life ,9 subsequently ( 随后)buried as fossilized remains in sedimentar

29、y rock, is being (exist ) of living thingsreleased back into the atmosphere and is threatening the 10助读词汇adj。原始的n.出现vt 。释放coastline n.海岸线primitivefossilized adj.石化的riseatmosphere n。大气层releaseglacier n.冰川the Industrial Revolution工业革命fossil fuel 化石燃料polar ice cap极地冰帽sedimentary rock 沉积岩 active geological agents积极的地质作用者考点练透一、单句填空1. On; At; On; In; In 2. to ; on; in; with; for 3。 in; by; at 4. on ; in ; on; in 5.to ; on; in 6 。 except ; besides ;but ; exce