地质学专业术语的翻译

1、凹坑pool,chute白垩chalk白云化灰岩dolomitized limestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩dolostone, dolomitite斑点构造mottled structure斑礁patch reef斑晶porphyrotope斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状晶体laths半深海helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木虫迹teredolites clavatus包卷层理convolute lamination包卷构造comvolute structure堡礁(障壁礁 barrier reef抱球

2、虫软泥globigerina ooze比拟试验模式scaled experimental model 碧玉jasper边滩point bar辫状河braided channel标志层key bed标准偏差standard deviation表面结构surface texture表皮鲕superficial Oolits表栖动物epifauna表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土regolith滨湖亚相lake-shore滨面shoreface滨线shoreline冰雹痕hail impression冰川glacier冰-海沉积物glacier-marine s

3、ediment冰川相glacial facies冰碛物till冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wave length波高wave height波痕ripple波状层理wavy bedding剥离线理parting lineation不等粒inequigranular不整合unconformity槽痕flute槽模flute casts侧向沉积作用lateral sedimentation侧向加积lateral accretion测井沉积学well-logging sedimentology 测井相electrofacies层bed层间流interflow层孔虫stromatopo

4、roid层理stratification,bedding,lamination 层流laminar flow层内溶解作用intrastratal solution层系set层系组coset层序地层学sequence stratigraphy次长石净砂岩subarkose次生孔隙secondary porosity次岩屑净砂岩sublitharenite长石feldspar长石砂岩feldspar sandstone长石净砂岩arkose长石净砂岩类arkosic arenite长石杂砂岩feldspathic greywacke长石杂砂岩类arkosic greywacke潮道tidal ch

5、annel潮间带intertidal潮控三角洲tidal-dominated delta潮坪tidal flat潮上带supratidal潮汐层理tidal- bedding潮汐流ebb current潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下带subtidal zone沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation 沉积构造sedimentary structure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境depositional environment沉积模式sedimentary model沉积盆地sedimentary basin沉积铁矿sedimentary iro

6、n ores沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sediment gravity flow沉积相sedimentary(depositionalfacies 沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentary rocks沉积岩石学sedimentary petrology沉积作用sedimentation,deposition成分成熟度compositional matuarity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvial plain冲积扇alluvial fan冲裂avulsion冲流swash冲流回流带zone of swash and backwa

7、sh 冲刷痕scour mark冲洗交错层理swash bedding冲溢扇washover fan储层reservoir储油窗oil windows床沙bed床沙形体bed form床沙载荷bed load吹程fetch垂向沉积作用vertical accretion丛藻迹chondrites粗砾cobble粗枝藻门dasyclads大潮spring tide大陆架continental shelf大陆隆continental rise大陆坡continental slope大洋盆地basin带穴迹taenidium带状迹teanidium袋状钻孔迹rogerella单杯迹monocrate

8、rion单成份砾岩oligomictic conglomerate 岛(弧-海(沟体系arc-trench system 岛弧island arc等深流contour current等深积岩contourite等趾迹isopodichnus等足迹isopodichnus低镁方解石low-magnesian calcite低弯度河道low-sinuosity channel低位体系域low-stand systems tract 堤岸bank底痕sole mark底积层bottomset底模solecast底栖生物benthos底载河道bedload channel地层strata地层倾斜录井d

9、ipmeter log地层水formation water地球化学geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地层学seismic stratigraphy地震勘探seismic exploration递变层graded layer递变悬浮作用graded suspension典型浊积岩clastic turbidite电测井electric log叠层石stromatolite叠瓦状排列imbricate arrangement 顶积层topsets动态模式dynamic model动藻迹zoophycus豆粒pisolite段member对称波痕symmetrical ripp

10、le鲕粒oolite二叶石迹cruziana反递变层理reverse grading反沙丘层理antidune bedding反向递变的inversely graded泛滥盆地flood basin泛滥平原flood plain方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射虫Radiolarians放射性测井radioactivity log非补偿(饥饿沉积starved basin 非显晶质的aphanitic沸石zeolite分流河道distributary channel分流河口砂坝distributary-mouth bar 分流间湾interdistributary分选系数So分选作

11、用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite,siltstone粉砂页岩silt shale球粒pellet风暴大潮storm surge风成eolian风成波痕eolian ripple,wind ripple风成交错层理aeolian cross bedding 风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生流wind-drift current风蚀deflation峰度curtosis缝合线stylolite弗劳德数Froude number浮游生物plankton腐泥sapropel负载(荷构造load structure复成分砾岩polymictic conglomer

12、ate复理石flysch钙结层caliche干酪根kerogen干盐湖playa高岭石kaolinite高弯度河道high-sinuosity channel高位体系域high-stand systems tract根珊瑚迹rhizocoralliun耕作迹agrichnia沟模groove casts沟蠕形迹taphrhelminthopsis古拉迹paleohelcura古生态学paleoecology古生物paleontological古水流标志paleocurrent indicator古土壤paleosols古网迹palaeodictyon古斜坡paleoslope骨架岩frames

13、tone固着底栖生物sessile benthos光合作用photosynthesis硅镁层sima硅土,二氧化硅silica硅质silic-硅质碎屑siliciclastic国际沉积学家学会IAS(International Association of Sedimentologists 海(湖泛面flooding surface海(湖滩beach海岸带coastal zone海底扇submarine fan海底峡谷submarine canyon海沟trench海进体系域transgressive systems tract 海浪sea wave海绿石glauconite海平面变化sea-

14、level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵transgression海侵层序transgressive sequence海生迹thalassinoides海滩marine beach海滩脊ridge of a beach海相三角洲marine delta海洋ocean旱谷arroyo, wadi河床(道channel河床滞留lag河底滞留沉积channel floor lag河控三角洲fluvial delta河口湾estuary河流相fluvial河漫overbank核形石oncilite褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩black shale黑云母biotite红藻植物门rhodo

15、phyta后滨backshore后成作用katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧间盆地interarc basin弧内盆地intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖lake湖泊环境lacustrine environment湖泊相lacustrine湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑动痕slide mark滑塌构造slump structure滑塌岩slumps还原硫酸盐细菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi 还原作用reduction环境沉积学environmental sedimentology环线迹spirorhaph

16、e黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareous dolostone回流backflow,backwash混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物mélange混载荷流mixed-load channel火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山块block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑pyroclastic debris,tephra火山碎屑流pyroclastic flow火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock火焰构造flame structure鸡笼状的chickenw

17、ire集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate加积accretion加积作用aggradation假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing交错层cross beds交错层理cross bedding; cross stratification交错纹crossed-lamellar交错纹层cross laminae胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane礁reef礁核reef core礁后相backreef facies礁麓堆积reef talus礁前相forereef facies礁相reef facies角度不

18、整合angular unconformity角砾岩breccias节藻迹phycodes结晶碳酸盐岩crystalline carbonate界面bounding surfaces金藻门chrysophyta津(波浪tsunami近滨nearshore进潮口tidal inlet进积作用progradation进食构造feeding structures进食迹fodinichnia晶面crystal face晶体crystal井形穴shafts净砂岩arenite静态模式static model居住构造dwelling structure居住迹domichnia居住潜穴dwelling bur

19、rows巨画迹megagrapton巨砾boulder决口扇crevasse,crevasse splay均匀悬浮uniform suspension颗粒grain ,particle颗粒流grain flow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle -supported ,grain-supported可劈性fissility可容空间accommodation space克拉通craton孔隙(度pore,porosity块状层理massive bedding块状砂岩massive sandstone浪成波痕wave-generated ripple浪成沙纹层理wave- rip

20、ple bedding浪基面wave base浪控三角洲wave-dominated delta雷诺数Reynolds number-Re类沙蚕迹nereites累积频率曲线cumulative-frequency curve 离岸(裂流rip current犁沟迹aulichnites丽线迹cosmorhaphe砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grain size粒度概率图probability plot粒度中值Md粒间孔隙度intergranular porosity粒屑灰岩grainstone粒序层理graded b

21、edding亮晶sparite亮晶方解石sparry calcite亮晶灰岩sparite亮煤clarain裂隙fracture临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphate rock菱铁矿siderite流动体制flow regimes流痕rill impression流态flow regime流体化作用fluidization硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形funnel shape陆表海epicontinental sea陆架边缘体系域shelf margin systems tract 陆相terrestrial陆缘海marginal sea陆源碎屑岩terri

22、genous clastic rocks陆表海epeiric sea绿泥岩chlorite绿藻门chlorophyta,卵石质砂岩pebbly sandstone螺管迹gyrolithes洛伦茨迹corenzinia脉状层理flaser bedding漫流sheet flow漫游迹planoliies煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质岩manganess rock觅食迹pascichnia觅食拖迹grazing trails密度底流density underflow密度流density current密度跃层pycnocline磨拉石molasses母岩source rock,

23、parent rock母岩区provenance,source area内成岩endogenetic内栖动物infauna内碎屑intraclast钠长石albite钠长石化albitization能量带energy belt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥晶micrite泥晶套micrite envelope泥粒灰岩(泥质颗粒岩packstone 泥裂mud crack泥流mud flow泥石流debris flow泥质岩mudrock泥页岩argillutite泥支撑的mud supported泥质的argil拟蠕形迹helminthopsis逆行沙波regressive sand wa

24、ve逆行沙丘antidune年代地层单位chronostratigraphic unit 鸟眼构造birds-eyes structure鸟足状三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregate grains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonian fluid牛轭湖ox-bow lake爬迹repichnia爬升沙纹层理climbing ripple bedding 爬行crawling拍岸浪surf盘旋虫科spirillinidae螃蟹迹psilonichnus跑动running泡沫痕foam impression盆内岩intrabasinal ro

25、ck盆外岩石extrabasinal rock片流sheetwash偏度Sk1,skewness漂砾erratic平均粒径Mz平均值mean平行层理parallel bedding平直河straight channel破浪breaker破浪带breaker zone葡萄石grapestones气候带climate belts牵引作用 traction牵引流tractive current牵引毯状沉积traction carpet前滨foreshore前积层foresets前三角洲沉积prodelta deposit浅海区neritic province浅滩shoal墙形迹teichichus丘

26、状交错层理hummocky cross bedding球度sphericity球粒pellet,pellet peloids球状粒peloid曲带迹curuolithus曲流meander曲流裁直neck cutoff曲流河meandering river取心钻井core drilling全球海平面变化eustatic change of sea level 缺氧事件anoxic event群group群体生物colony(organisms热云nuee ardente热云岩ignimbrite溶解载荷solutional load熔结凝灰岩ignimbrite蠕形迹helminthoida软

27、流圈asthenosphere软泥ooze弱光带disphotic zone萨布哈(盐沼sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain三角洲前缘delta front三联点triple junction扫毛虫sabellarians沙坝bar沙波sand wave沙流sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相desert facies沙丘dune沙蜀迹arenicolites沙体Sand body沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂火山sand volcanoes砂流sand flow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂枕构造pillow

28、 structure 筛状沉积sieve deposition 山鹿冲积平原bajada山麓piedmont珊瑚coral扇砾岩fanglomerate扇三角洲fan delta扇状三角洲fan-like delta 舌菌迹glossiofunhites蛇形迹ophiomorpha深海pelagic, deep sea深海带abyssal zone深海沟deep-sea trench深海平原abyssal深海扇deep-sea fan深泓线thalweg深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetric basin渗透率permeability生长构造growth structure生物

29、层biostrome生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy生物灰岩biolithite生物礁reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物内碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘bioherm生物扰动作用bioturbation生物遗迹化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂岩quartz sandstone,silicarenita 石英净砂岩quartz arenite石英杂砂岩quartzwack石针迹skolithos石

30、枝藻litho-thammium始成岩作用eodiagenesis示顶底标志geopetal criterion事实模式actual model数学模式mathematical model刷模brush casts双杯迹diplocraterion双形迹dimorphichus双趾迹diplichifes水道channel水流current,aqueous flow水流痕current mark水流上涌upwelling水流线理current lineation水平层理horizontal bedding水体分层stratification of the water column水下泥石流su

31、baqueous debis flow水下岩崩subaqueous rockfall水悬浮作用aqueous suspension斯科阳迹scoyenia似海生迹thalassinoides似海星迹asteriacites似蠕形迹helminthopsis似藻迹phycodes碎屑颗粒detrital particle燧石flint ,chert他生沉积物allochthonous sediments它形晶anhedral塌积角砾岩collapse braccia塔斯曼迹tasmanadia台地platform苔藓虫fenestrate bryozoans滩bank滩脊beach ridge碳

32、酸盐carbonate碳酸盐岩carbonate rock, carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度carbonate compensation depth 碳酸盐岩隆(建隆carbonate buildup逃逸构造escape structure逃逸迹fugichnia体系域systems tract天然堤levee,natural levee填集作用packing跳模bounce casts跳跃作用saltation铁岩ironstone铁质岩ferruginous rock停息迹cubchnia同沉积滑塌构造syndepositinal slump structure同生白云岩synge

33、netic dolostone同生作用syngenesis透光带photic zone透镜状层理lenticular bedding湍流turbulent flow团块lumps退覆层序offlap sequence洼状交错层理swaley cross bedding外成岩exogenetic rock外来岩块exotic block外生沉积物exogentic sediments弯曲锚形迹ancorichnus coronus晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状(交织河流anastomosing stream,anastomosed river 微亮晶microspar微斜长石micr

34、ocline胃形钻孔迹gastrochaenolites温跃层thermoclime纹层laminae,lamination纹层状的laminated纹理lamination纹泥,季节泥varve雯石(霰石aragonite紊流turbulent flow无光带aphotic zone无粘结性颗粒cohesionless particle物源区provenance矽藻diatom细砾granule线管迹tigllites相facies相变facies change相标志facies mark相对海平面relative sea-level相序facies sequence (succession

35、向上变粗coarsening-upward向上变浅shoaling-upward,shallowing-upward小潮neap tide小间断diastem斜坡地形clinoform泄水构造water-escape structure泻湖lagoon新生变形作用neomorphism新月形沙丘barchan dune信风trade winds星瓣迹asterosoma休息迹resting traces悬浮(移负载suspended load选择交代作用selective replacement压扁层理flaser bedding压刻痕toll mark压溶作用pressure solutio

36、n压实作用compaction盐水楔saltwater wedge岩石地层单位lithostratigraphic unit岩石地层学lithostratigraphy岩石圈lithosphere岩石学petrology岩相lithofacies岩相古地理lithofacies paleogeography岩屑rock fragment,lithic岩屑砂岩lithic sandstone,rock fragment sandstone 岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑杂砂岩lithic greywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithic arkose岩性lithological沿岸流longshore current沿岸沙坝longshore bar盐度salinity盐湖salt lakes盐碱滩salina氧化作用oxidation页岩shale液化liguefaction液化沉积物流fluidized sediment flow液化作用liquefaction伊利石illite遗迹化石ichnofo