英语简单句的5种基本类型课件

1、简单句五种基本类型简单句五种基本类型简单句（简单句（Simple Sentences）由一个主语由一个主语( (或并列主语或并列主语) )和一个和一个谓语谓语(或并列谓或并列谓语语)构成构成的句子。的句子。并列句并列句 (Compound Sentences)(Compound Sentences)由并列连词（由并列连词（and, but, or, so等）把两个或两等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。复合句复合句 Complex SentencesComplex Sentences由一个主句和一个以上的从句构成的句子。由一个主句和一个以上的从

2、句构成的句子。英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要只要把这些基本句型弄清楚把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了你就会游刃有余了!-呵呵呵呵,就像俺这样就像俺这样: Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧(一一).简单句简单句: 只有只有主语主语(或并列主语或并列主语) 和和谓语谓语(或并列谓语或并列谓语): .Tom likes rock music. .Tom and John are fond of rock music. .Tom sat down

3、at his desk and began to do his homework.简单句五种基本句型简单句五种基本句型 1.主语主语+谓语谓语 S+V 2.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语S+V+P 3.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语S+V+O 4.主语主语+谓语谓语+间宾间宾+直宾直宾S+V+INO+DO 5.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补S+V+O+OC一个完整的简单句简单句按结构结构分 由 “主语部分主语部分+谓语部分谓语部分”构成For example: The man is writing.(主语部分主语部分) (谓语部分谓语部分)哲学上说哲学上说:运动是绝对运动是绝对的的静止

4、是相对静止是相对的的造句的关键就在于造句的关键就在于动词动词一般而言一般而言,每个句子都应每个句子都应该有个动词该有个动词( 除了省略除了省略句外句外 )动动词词 连系动词连系动词主要动词主要动词 行为动词行为动词 助动词助动词辅助动词辅助动词 情态动词情态动词不及物动词不及物动词 laugh / smile / look / listen及物动词及物动词 see / hear / drink / eatbe (is/ am /are / was / were)do / does / didhave / has / hadwill / shall / be going to/can / may

5、 / must / shall / needcould / should / would / mighthave (has) to / had betterbe ( is am are was were) / seem / keep是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上去上去)become / turn / get / grow 变得变得连连系系动动词词be ( is am are was were) / seem / keep /是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持loo

6、k / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上去上去)become / turn / get / grow / 变得变得表语表语:表示表示主语主语是什么是什么(身份身份)或者或者怎么样怎么样(处处于什么状态于什么状态)。由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。词或短语等充当。和连系动词一起构成谓语和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说也就是说: 连系动连系动词词后面的就是后面的就是表语表语!连系连系动词动词主主系系表表结构结构（SVP） = =主语主语+ +连系动词连系动词+ +表语表

7、语Miss liangis a good teacher.The movie is interesting/wonderful.He feels hungry.The flower looks beautiful.He is a boy. She is a girl. We are students. They are good. The book is interestingWe are in the classroomThe pen is in the box主语主语 连系动词连系动词 表语表语1. It is getting warmer and warmer. He looks pre

8、tty happy today. 高考经常考查的高考经常考查的系动词系动词: . “变得变得” _, _, _, _, _. . “看起来看起来” _,_,_ “闻起来闻起来” _ “尝起来尝起来” _ “摸起来摸起来” _ “听起听起来来”_ 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 (S+V+P) get becometurn go growlook seem appear smell taste feelsoundHe looks / seems ill.The apple tastes nice.Trees turn green.Your idea sounds good.（是系动词）（是系动

9、词）(表语表语)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻闻)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 系动词的用法系动词的用法: (注意三点注意三点) +_作表语作表语; 无无 _; 无无 _; e.g. The dish _. (尝起来好吃尝起来好吃

10、) The story _. (听起来有趣听起来有趣).adj. 宾语宾语被动语态被动语态 tastes delicious sounds interesting主语主语 :表示句子所说的是表示句子所说的是“什什么人么人”或或“什么事物什么事物” 。也就是也就是动作的发出者动作的发出者。一般由一般由名词、代词名词、代词或相或相当于名词、代词的词或当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。短语等充当。 谓语谓语 :说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么怎么样样”。也就是也就是做了什么行为动做了什么行为动作作或或处于什么状态处于什么状态。谓语（谓语部分里主要谓语（谓语部分里主要的词

11、）用的词）用动词动词。 宾语宾语 :表示动作、行为的表示动作、行为的对象对象。也就是也就是动作的接受者动作的接受者。一般由一般由名词、代词名词、代词或相当或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。于名词的词或短语等充当。 狗狗 咬咬 人人 。主语主语The dog The dog 谓语谓语bites bites 宾语宾语a mana man 人人 跑跑 。主语主语The man 谓语谓语 is running.及物动词及物动词是是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drink / eat / I saw him last week.We heard the bad

12、 news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.不及物动词不及物动词是是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily.They laughed loudly. 如果要加宾语如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助就要靠一个介词来帮助:She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They l

13、aughed at us after the match. 什么是什么是及物动词及物动词(vt)和和不及物动词不及物动词(vi)呢呢?The boy is fishing.The girl dances well.The duck is swimming.The woman walks slowly.主主谓谓结构结构（SV） = =主语主语+ +谓语动词谓语动词不及物不及物动词动词 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. ros

14、e. cooked. eat and drink.laughed. woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday. is playing.have gone.Xudonglikes playingbasketball .Wubin plays computer games every day.Xianwenplayed soccer yesterday.Littlepigis playing the guitarnow.及物及物动词动词主主谓谓宾宾结构结构（SVO） = =主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)

15、1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：他们在放风筝。他们在放风筝。They are flying the kites.风筝在天上飞。

16、风筝在天上飞。The kites are flying in the sky.Santa Claus gave me a present.MissXie teaches us. Miss Xie teaches English. Miss Xie teaches us English. She told me a story.及物及物动词动词主主谓谓双宾双宾结构结构（SVInODO）= =主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语可以用于这种句式的动词主要有可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 (A) buy / build / choose / cook / make / d

17、raw He bought me a new bike.也可以改为也可以改为for sb 的句式的句式 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / show / write / sell / lend / pass / return / offer / readShe lent me a book.也可以改为也可以改为 to sb的句式的句式 She lent a book to me. (c) borrow/ get也可以改为也可以改为from sb的句式的句式 She borrowed a book from

18、me yesterday.（及（及物）物）IO（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 主主谓

19、谓宾宾宾补宾补结构结构（SVOOC）= =主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语+ +宾语的补足语宾语的补足语He told me to clean my room.I saw her dancing.Miss liangasks us to read English every day.及物及物动词动词（及物）（及物） （宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper

20、the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 可以用于这种句式的动词主要有可以用于这种句式的动词主要有let / make sb. do sth.ask / tell / want / allow / wish / sb. to do sth.expect / encourage / invite / teach find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth. sb. doi

21、ng sth. help sb. (to) do sth. _句句 Xiaoxuan is a very good girl . _句句: They laughed. The kites fly in the sky._句句: Guannan bought a new bike. Wenkui plays volleyball. _句句: She told me a story. Xinjia gave me a good book._句句: He asked me to help him. Tianlong made me happy. 蛮简单的哦蛮简单的哦! !Let me try!Let

22、 me try! (主语主语) (连系动词连系动词) (表语表语) (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词)(主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语) (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语)(主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语) (宾语宾语) (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语) (宾语宾语)(主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语) (宾补宾补) (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语) (宾补宾补)主系表主系表主谓主谓主谓宾主谓宾主谓宾宾主谓宾宾主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补The boy is asleep.The

23、boy is sleeping.主谓宾主谓宾主谓主谓The boy is playing the guitar.His music is very beautiful.It is beautiful music.主系表主系表He is playing happily.判断这些句子的类型并判断这些句子的类型并理解理解be动词的双重身份动词的双重身份（连系动词（连系动词助动词）助动词） Everything goes well. we exercise every day. we are sitting now. You are listening carefully. You are listeni