湖南省张家界市2016高考英语阅读理解和信息匹配一轮自练（7）

1、湖南省张家界市2016高考英语阅读理解和信息匹配一轮自练（7）阅读理解。On May 23, 1989, Stefania Follini came out from a cave at Carlsbad, New Mexico. She hadn't seen the sun for eighteen and a half weeks. Stefania was in a research program, and the scientists in the program were studying body rhythms (节奏).In this experiment Stef

2、ania had spent 130 days in a cave, 30 feet in depth. During her time in the cave, Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice. Her living place had been very comfortable, but there had been nothing to fell her the time. She'd had no clock or watches, no television or radio. Ther

3、e had been no natural light and the temperature had always been kept at 21. The results were very interesting. Stefania had been in the cave for over four months, but she thought she had been there for only two. Her body clock had changed. She hadn't kept to a 24-hour day. She had stayed awake f

4、or 20-25 hours and then had slept for 10 hours. She had eaten fewer meals and had lost 17lbs in weight as a result! She had also become rather depressed (抑郁). How had she spent her time in the cave? As part of the experiment she'd done some physical and mental tests. She'd recorded her daily

5、 activities and the results of the tests on a computer. This computer had been specially programmed for the project. Whenever she was free, she'd played cards, read books and listened to music. She'd also learned French from tapes. The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by l

6、ight and temperature, For example, the pattern of day and night makes us wake up and go to sleep. However, People are affected in different ways. Some people wake up naturally at 5:00 am, but others don't start to wake up till 9:00 or 10;00 am. This affects the whole daily rhythm. As a result, t

7、he early risers are at their best in the late morning. The late risers, on the other hand, are tired during the day and only come to life in the afternoon or evening! ( ) 1. Stefania stayed in the cave for a long time because_. A. she was asked to do research on mice B. she wanted to experience lone

8、liness C. she was the subject of a study D. she needed to record her life 【答案】C。.细节理解题.根据第一段中 Stefania was in a research program 和整段的意思,可以排 除 A,B,D 项. ( ) 2. What is a cause for the change of Stefania's body clock? A. Eating fewer meals. B. Having more hours of sleep C. Lacking physical exercise

9、. D. Getting no natural light. 【答案】D.。细节理解题.根据第二段中 She hadn't kept to a 24-hour day. She had stayed awake for 20-25 hours and then had slept for 10 hours.可知答案. ( ) 3. Where does the text probably come from?A. A novel. B. A news story. C. A pet magazine. D. A travel guide 【答案】B.。推理判断题.从全文的内容来看,本文

10、主要报道了一个实验及实验得出的结果,所 以由此判断本文可能来自于新闻报道,A 项小说不可能.因为文章没有小说的特点;C 项不 正确,本文没有涉及宠物问题;D 项不正确,因为本文也没涉及旅游的问题. 阅读理解。MultitaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college st

11、udents, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can't focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the Universit

12、y of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were. They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tri

13、cky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using

14、 a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with

15、how easily people get bored and distracted.“People multitask not because it's going to lead to greater productivity, but because they're distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San

16、 Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn't find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people's recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.The finding

17、s do suggest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situa

18、tions even though they're dangerous.”67. The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask _A. seek high productivity constantlyB. prefer handling different things when getting boredC. are more focused when doing many things at a timeD. have the poorest results in doing various

19、 things at the same time68When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they _A. assessed the multitasking ability of the studentsB. evaluated the academic achievements of the studentsC. analyzed the effects of the participants' tricky mental tasksD. measured the changes of the s

20、tudents' understanding ability69According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their _A. limited power in calculationB. interests in doing things differently C. inability to concentrate on one task D. impulsive desire to try new things70From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitask

21、ers usually _A. drive very skillfullyB. go in for difficult tasksC. fail to react quickly to potential dangersD. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior【要点综述】 这是一篇科普议论文，主要论证同时处理多重任务这一心理现象。犹太大学研究者发现，同时处理多重任务并不是出于提高生产率的目的，而是当事人容易分心而不能专心于所做的事情上。尽管来自加州大学的研究者提出了不同的看法，但确实证明同时处理多重任务者对于危险境地确实不太敏感。6

22、7D 细节理解题。根据第一段“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things”可知选D。68A 细节理解题。根据第二段“They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tricky mental task”可知评估的是参与者的同时处理多重任务的能力。69C 细节理解题。根据第四段“but because they're distractible”可知，人们同时处理多重任务是因为他们容易分心，而不是高效。dist

23、ractible“容易分心的，不专心的”，C项是对它的同义转换。70C 细节理解题。从最后一段“are generally less sensitive to risky situations”可知，同时处理多重任务者对于潜在危险不能及时做出反应。【浙江省2014高考英语模拟冲刺卷】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项标号涂黑。Change is everything in the case of mobile phones. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changi

24、ng not only our culture, but our very bodies as well. First, lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fix

25、ed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications（含义）. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night

26、would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”,but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are.” Texting changes

27、people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS (Short Message Service) Text Messaging", two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”those who prefer voice to text messages and those who

28、 prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to pre

29、sent a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident

30、way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera- phones intrude（侵入）on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you nee

31、dnt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.41. The “meeting” influence of a mobile phone refers to the fact that _.A. people can arrange their meeting place and time more flexiblyB. people have to make a firm plan about when and where to meetC. people are able to meet someone at any place and

32、any timeD. people have to attend phone meetings than ever before42. According to the two British researchers, the Social and Psychological Effects are most likely to be seen on _. A. talkersB. the “speakeasy”C. the “spacemaker” D. texters43. We can infer from the passag

33、e that the texts sent by texters are _.  A. showing or making known   B. well written C. unacceptable by others D. shocking to others 44. According to the passage, who is afraid of being hea

34、rd while talking on the mobile? A. talkersB. the “speakeasy”C. the “spacemaker” D. texters45. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. The Influence of Short Message ServiceB. Changes Caused by Mobile Phone UseC. Changes in the Use of the MobileD. Body Language and the Mobile P

35、hone41. A 从第三段People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet.可知。42. D 从第四五段可知43. A 从第五段可知。44. C 从第六段最后一句可知45. B 从第一段可知阅读理解。Going green seems to be a fad(时尚) for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad, we can't really say, but for the two of us, going green

36、is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April 22，2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 differen

37、t green things to do and this was no easy task.With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the envi

38、ronment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic(有机的) stores.We consume less meat, choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we don't need.We have given away half of what

39、we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of homemade fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are gr

40、ateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.60What might be the best title for the passage?AGoing GreenBProtecting the PlanetCKeeping OpenMindedDCelebrating Our Green Year61It was difficult for the c

41、ouple to live a green life for the whole year because _Athey were expected to follow the green fadBthey didn't know how to educate other peopleCthey were unwilling to reduce their energyDthey needed to perform unusual green tasks62What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?AThey tr

42、ied to get out of their ungreen habits.BThey ignored others' ungreen behavior.CThey chose better chemical cleaners.DThey sold their homemade food.63What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe government will give support to the green project.BThe couple may continue their project in the futur

43、e.CSome people disagree with the couple's green ideas.DOur Green Year is becoming a national campaign.【要点综述】 本文是记叙文，主要讲一对夫妇在一年时间里做不同支持环保的事情，保护环境和地球。60A主旨大意题。文章第一段提出本文主题“对我们来说，支持环保 (Going green)不是时尚而是生活方式”，所以选A。61D细节理解题。第二段第二句“这意味着做365件不同的环保事情”，说明他们困难的原因是需要做不同的环保任务，所以选D。62A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“我们完全改变

44、了生活习惯”及倒数第二段剩下的内容可知选A。63B推理判断题。根据最后一段中描述“我们思想已经在改变，我们相信我们的确有能力改变，帮助这个星球”，说明这对夫妇将来还会继续他们的计划。阅读理解。Sparrow is a fastfood chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was general

45、ly in an unhealthy state. With more and more fastfood concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.Sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, deci

46、ded to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fastfood chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. Pearson face

47、d a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive

48、relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers' spending power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea. The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fastf

49、ood industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intension was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.Pearson also made other decisions which he believe

50、d would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (营业额)These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fastfood chains in the regions where it operated.71Which was o

51、ne of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?A. The number of its customers was declining.B. Its customers found the food unhealthy.C. It was in need of financial support.D. Most of its restaurants were closed.72What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ACustomers of

52、 Sparrow restaurants. BSparrow restaurants.CCustomers of other fastfood chains. DOther fastfood chains.73For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?ATo build a good relationship with the public.BTo stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.CTo learn about customers' spending power

53、.DTo meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants.74The TV ads of Sparrow _Achanged people's views on pop starsBamused the public with original songsCfocused on the superiority of its productsDinfluenced the eating habits of the audience75What was Pearson's achievement as a CEO?AHe manage

54、d to pay off Sparrow's debts.BHe made Sparrow much more competitive.CHe helped Sparrow take over a company.DHe improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍拥有200家餐馆的Sparrow连锁快餐店从衰退到重生的过程。Pearson为此作出了很大的贡献。71C考查细节理解。从第一段的“And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to

55、give it the funds it required.”可知，新的管理者没有计划给予它所需要的资金。故选C。72D考查词义猜测。从本句的“which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fastfood chains were unwilling to turn away from them.”前后对比，them 是指other fastfood chains。故选D。73A考

56、查细节理解。从第三段的“Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.”可看出Pearson启动广告活动的目的是在公司与公众之间建立起一种积极的关系。故选A。74B考查细节理解。从第四段的“The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.”

57、和“the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.”可知，广告用原创的歌曲来娱乐公众，故选B。从“Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product”可知C项不正确。75B考查细节理解。从全文看Pearson为Sparrow连锁店起死回生作出了很大的贡献，连锁店又受到公众的喜爱，具有竞争力了。【2014高考英语南京市、盐城市一模】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个

58、最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。Youve just graduated from business school and you feel like the world is your oyster, only to find that job offers arent knocking down your door as expected, making MBAs wonder why theyre not getting hired. This can be disheartening, but as an MBA, you know th

59、at perception(洞察力)is more important than reality. The key to getting hired is an employers perception of you. Many MBA graduates are guilty of unconsciously displaying signs that they are not the best fit for the job. Once you discover what these common mistakes are, you can put your MBA skills to use and strategize how to turn things in your favor and land the job youve been looking for.       Emp