9AU1-8语法复习

1、丹徒区石马中学丹徒区石马中学 王霞王霞复复合合句句并列复合句从属复合句 有并列连词如and、or、but等连接状语从句宾语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。We can use conjunctions like and, but, or and so to join ideas together.We use and to join ideas that are .We use but to join ideas that are .We use or to introduce another . In negative sentences, we use t

2、o join two or more ideas.We use so to express the of sth.We can never use so and because together.differentsimilarpossibilityorresultTianjin has many restaurants.Tianjin baozi is very famous there.I can go swimming with Kitty.I can go swimming with Ann.Tianjin has many restaurants and Tianjin baozi

3、is very famous there.I can go swimming with Kitty or Ann.The TV play is interesting.Id like to watch it.The TV play is interesting, so Id like to watch it.Moon cakes are sweet.I cant eat too many at a time.Moon cakes are sweet, but I cant eat too many at at time.1.( ) Read this article, _ you will u

4、nderstand that not everything can be bought with money.（2014苏州）苏州）A.or B. and C. but D. so2.( ) You can jion the Reading Club _ you can go to the Dancing Club. Either is OK.(2014南通南通)A.and B. or C. but D. so B B both and 既既又又 not only but also 不仅不仅而且而且 either or 要么要么要么要么 neither nor 既不既不也不也不We can u

5、se these conjunctions to connect the same part of two sentences to avoid repetition (避避免重复免重复). When we use the conjunctions to connect two subjects, the verb form after both and is always plural. But the verb from after not only but also , either or and neither nor can be plural or singular, depend

6、ing on the subject closer to the verb. (就近原则就近原则)Fill in the blanks with the right words. Neither Jim nor Sam _(have) the ticket for the film. Both your father and your mother _(play) the piano well. Either he or we _(be) right. Neither the students nor the teacher _(come) to school by car every day

7、. Not only Tom but also I _ (be) interested in traveling. Both Kate and I _(be) ready for the picnic now.hasplayarecomesamare状语从句状语从句(Adverbial Clause)让步状语从句让步状语从句although/ though结果状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句so that /suchthatso that / in order thatif / unlessbecause/ s

8、ince / aswhen / while / aswhenever = every time as soon as before / afteruntil / till sinceUsing although / though让步状语从句让步状语从句1. You took a pill before you got on a ship but you got seasick. （同义句）（同义句）2. You have enough time but you wont be able to visit all places of interest. （同义句）（同义句） Although y

9、ou took a pill before you got on a ship , you got seasick. Although you have enough time , you wont be able to visit all places of interest.We use although / though to contrast two clauses.( ) I think he has been drinking, _ I am not completely sure. (2013杭州杭州)A.if B. though C. until D. as( ) I stil

10、l remember my first teacher _ we have not seen each other for a long time.A.if B. until C. though D. because( ) _ Lin Feng has to work late, she always wears a smile on her face.（2014南京）南京）A.Because B. If C. Until D. Though B C DUsing sothat / suchthat/ so that结果结果/目的状语从句目的状语从句work out the ruleWe us

11、e an_ or an_ between so and that.We use a_ between such and that.adjectiveadverbnoun phraseWe use _ (so.that., so that) to talk about the purpose of doing something.We use _ (so.that., so that) to talk about the result of something.so thatso.that1. Jackie is _ a famous film star_ people all over the

12、 world know him. A. so, that B. too, to C. such, that D. enough, that 2.这个箱子是如此的重以至于我搬不动。这个箱子是如此的重以至于我搬不动。 The box is _ _ _ I cant carry it. It is _ _ _ _ _I cant carry it.so heavy thatsuch a heavy box that3.他是如此的胖以至于无法通过这门。他是如此的胖以至于无法通过这门。He is _ _ _ he cant go through the door.He is _ _ _ _ _ he c

13、ant go through the door.so fat thatsuch a fat man that4._fine day it is today! Yes, the sunshine is_ beautiful that Id like to go swimming in the sea. A. How, such B. What a, very C. How, so D. What a, so ( ) Lin Shuhao is _ famous _ all the basketball fans in China know him.（2014，济南），济南） A.too;to B

14、. enough; to C. so;that D. as; as( ) There is _ little food and _ many people that many people died from hunger. A.so; such B. such; so C. so; so D. such; such C CUsing ifUsing unless条件状语从句条件状语从句simple present tense 一般现在时一般现在时 simple future tense 一般将来时一般将来时If hunters catch a giant panda, they will k

15、ill it for its fur.Conditional Sentences(条件状语从句）soon there will be no giant pandas in the world.If we do nothing, If-clause(从句从句) Main clause（主句）（主句）Ifclause (一般现在时）一般现在时） Main-clause(一般将来时）一般将来时）Main-clause(一般将来时）一般将来时） Ifclause (一般现在时）一般现在时） , We need a _( comma, full stop) after the if-clause whe

16、n it is the first part of a sentence.Rulescomma, . 1.除非他打电话我，否则我就去除非他打电话我，否则我就去. I will go _he telephones .2.不要离开房子除非我叫你离开不要离开房子除非我叫你离开.Dont leave the house _I tell you to .Dont leave the house _I _ tell you to.3. 除非你尽力了，否则你将不会实现梦想。除非你尽力了，否则你将不会实现梦想。_ you try your best, you wont realize your dream.4

17、.你马上离开就不会迟到。你马上离开就不会迟到。 You will be late _ you leave right now.I will go _he _telephone . ExercisesunlessunlessUnlessunlessifdoesntifdont The unless-clause can come first or after the main clause. becauseGiving reasons with since/asThe reasons are direct and its tone is strong. Use “because” to answ

18、er why questions.The reasons are already known. Their tone is weaker.原因状语从句原因状语从句 ( )_ he exercises every day, _ he is very healthy. (2014,玉林玉林)A.Because; so B. Because; / C.Because; though D. Though; /( )_ your father is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.A. Since B. Before C. T

19、hough D. While ( )_ Jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others.A. Though B. While C. Because D. AsBADafterbeforeat an earlier time thanat a later time thanUsing Using as soon asas soon as and and wheneverwhenever before, after, when, while, since, till, until, as soon as, w

20、henever引导的时间状语从句中，引导的时间状语从句中，主句用主句用一般将来时一般将来时，从句用，从句用_。e.g. She wont go home until she finishes her work. 一般现在时一般现在时 since（ ）常与现在完成时）常与现在完成时 连用。连用。e.g. John has worked in this factory since 1998. while（ ）引导的时间状语）引导的时间状语, 从句通常要用进行时。从句通常要用进行时。 e.g. Someone knocked on the door while I was watching TV.自

21、从自从当当时时 before, after, since, till, until还可还可作作 ，后接时间名词。，后接时间名词。e.g. before 9 a.m. till/until today since 2009 after lunch 当主句和从句的主语是同一个人时当主句和从句的主语是同一个人时 还可用：还可用：before/ after/ when/ while doing sth.e.g. Youd better not listen to music while doing your homework.介词介词 till和和until通常可以互换，但当通常可以互换，但当“直直

22、到到”这词用于这词用于句首句首或或与与not连用连用时时 只能用只能用until。e.g. They didnt come back until it was dark. as soon as 引导时间状语，表示引导时间状语，表示 “ ”e.g. It began to rain as soon as I left there.一一就就(宁波宁波)-Why did not you try your best to get on the subway?-I tried to, but it started moving _ I could get on it.A. before B. after

23、 C. since D. if(2013 陕西陕西) When you _ at a restaurant, please order just enough food. A. ate B. will eat C. eat D. have eaten (2013 杭州杭州)Sally took a photo of her friends while they _ computer games.A.play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing(2013 雅安雅安) My sister has learnt English _.A.for

24、twelve years ago B. since she was fourC. twelve years ago D. at the age of four (2013 十堰十堰)Tigers wait _ it is dark, then go out to find their food.A. since B. until C. as D. because(2013 青岛青岛) The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it _.A.is played B. plays C. will be played D. will p

25、lay每当他旅行时，他就会买张当地地图。He buys a local map _.Whenever he travelsThe person I admire most Everyone has a hero. As for me, I admire my mother most. My mother is not rich, she is not famous. She is not perfect. for me, she is my mother, my teacher and good friend.We do lots of things together. She is very

26、 busy with her work, she can still spare some time for me. We go shipping, go to the cinema and so on. She stays up late to watch a football game with me. My mother always loves and cares for me. She helps me with my schoolwork and teaches me how to get on with other people. She always knows what to

27、 say, I feel sad or angry. I need help, she is always there for me. I love my mother very much. She is, and always will be, my hero.The person I admire most Everyone has a hero. As for me, I admire my mother most. My mother is neither rich nor famous. She is not perfect. But for me, she is not only

28、my mother but also my teacher and good friend.We do lots of things together. Although she is very busy with her work, she can still spare time for me. For example, wo go shipping, go to the cinema and so on. She even stay up late to watch a football game with me. My mother always loves and cares for

29、 me. She helps me with my schoolwork and teaches me how I can get on with other people. She always knows what to say when I feel sad or angry. Whenever I need help, she is always there for me. I love my mother very much. She is, and always will be, my hero. An object clause functions as the object o

30、f a sentence. We use that to introduce an object clause that is a statement. An object clause can be put after verbs such as say, find, know, think, believe, hope, notice and mean. An object clause can also follow adjectives such as certain, sure and glad.Tips1. We can use that clause to replace an

31、object after the verb in a sentence.2. The word order in the object clause is just the same as that in the statement. 3. Sometimes we can leave “that” out in the object clause.Working out the rules1. She knows. Timmy is a good boy.2. His father said. One and one is two.3. He said. Lucy often goes sh

32、opping.4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. We realize. We should work hard. She knows (that) Timmy is a good boy.His father said (that) one and one is two.He said (that) Lucy often went shopping.He said (that) he was doing his homework. We realize (that) we should work hard. Rewrite the sentenc

33、es. We use if or whether to introduce an object clause that expresses a yes/no question. Such an object clause often follows verbs such as ask, see, wonder and find out. The word order in the clause should be the same as that in a statement.e.g. You may wonder if/whether colours influence our moods.

34、Sandy asks if/whether orange can cheer her up.1.在介词后面：在介词后面：We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2.在动词不定式前：在动词不定式前：He cant decide whether to go to Canada.3.当与当与or或或or not连用时连用时:I dont know whether hes free or not.4.宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not, I cant say.In these cases,

35、 we can only use whether instead of if.Choose the right answer.1. I havent decide _ Ill go out or stay at home. A. if B. when C. why D. whether2. I want to know _ you love English. A. that B. what C. if D. who3. I wonder _ our teacher will come to my birthday party. A. whether B. why C. where D. tha

36、t4. Id like to know _ or not. A. whether will he come B. whether has he come C. whether he will come D. that he will comeFill in the blanks with if or whether.1. Uncle John came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the computer.2. The shopkeeper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose a bi

37、g Christmas tree.3. I dont know _ to go or stay?4. _ time runs out, what should we do?5. _ they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell.if/whetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf We use a question word to introduce an object clause that expresses a wh- question. The word order in the c

38、lause should be the same as that in a statement. Pay attention to the changes of pronouns (注意人称的转换注意人称的转换).e.g. I wonder what I should do.Sometimes we forget when we should stop.I do not know how I should deal with the problem.1.We dont know _ we will go there tomorrow. A. where B. why C. when D. wh

39、ether2. Do you know _? A. what time will the plane take off B. what time would the plane take off C. what time the plane will take off D. the plane will take off at what timeChoose the right answers.3. The manager came up to see _. A. who did the job B. who did the job do C. who does the job D. who

40、does the job do4. Can you tell me how soon _ back? A. will he be B. does he come C. he will be D. did he come5. Nobody knows _. A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what does he do什么是定语从句什么是定语从句( ( Defining relative clauses) )呢？呢？答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。的从句叫定语从句。结构：结构： 先行词先行词 + 关系

41、词关系词 + 句子句子Relative pronounPeopleThingswhowhichthatThat and which refer to things. That is more usual than which. Who, which and that can be used as relative pronouns. We use them to refer to people and / or things. 小结：小结：thatthat 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。whichwhich指物，

42、作主语，不能省略；作宾指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略语，可以省略. . who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3. I hate people _ talk much but do little.4. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfat