湖北省泽林镇泽林中学2016届中考英语 名词语法学案（无答案）

1、名词一、 名词主要考点：1特殊名词的单复数及词义辨析2名词的所有格3与名词相关的主谓一致关系二、 关于特殊名词的具体考点如下：1容易误用为复数的不可数名词：(这些名词一般不能用作复数，谓语动词用单数)advice 建议，忠告 living 生活，生计equipment 装备，设备 progress 前进，发展furniture 家具，设备information 通知；信息knowledge 知识，学问 traffic 交通流量trouble 烦恼，麻烦weather 天气，处境clothing 衣服 work 工作，劳动paper 纸，money钞票 luck 运气，幸运2 复数形式的名词用于

2、单数概念，其谓语动词用单数。(这些名词一般为表示学科或疾病的名词)、physics 物理学news 新闻the united states 美国 the new york times 纽约时报 3、名词复数的不规则变化1）、child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth    mouse-miceman-men woman-women      注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。     如： an

3、Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；，2）、单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese  集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：  peoplepolicecattle（牛） 等本身就是复数，不能说  a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,3）、 the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the

4、Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。二、名词的所有格在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有或所属关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加s。           my fathers study 我父亲的书房 a. 以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词

5、后加“ ”。the teachers reading room 教员阅览室 b. 不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加 s。the peoples right 人民的权利 the womens dress c. 如专有名词以s结尾，它的所有格一般只加“ ”，但也有加 s 的时候。Burns poems 彭斯的诗d. 复合名词的所有格的词尾 s 加在后面的名词之后。her son-in-laws photo 她女婿的照片 e. 如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加s 。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加s。    &

6、#160;      Jane and Helens room 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）           Bills and Toms radios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）  f. 有些指时间，距离，国家，城镇的无生命名词也可加 s 表示所有格。    half an hours class 半个小时的课   Chinas industry 中国的工业twenty mi

7、nutes walk 二十分钟的路程2） 表示无生命东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有关系。      the cover of the book 书的封面        the content of the story故事的内容3）“of+ 词组+所有格 ”（双重所有格）的用法：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词（如: a, two, some, this, that, these, those等）时，常用“of+ 词组+所有格 ”的形式来表示所有关系

8、。       a friend of my fathers = ( one of my fathers friends) 我父亲的一个朋友       a picture of his uncles 他叔叔的一张照片 （他叔叔所有照片中的一张，但不一定是他本人的照片。试比较：a picture of his uncle 他叔叔本人的一张照片。）      that novel of her little brothers 她

9、弟弟的那本小说三、主谓一致关系英语中，主语和谓语在数、性和格上应该保持一致，但在实际应用中很容易被忽视，尤其是主语和谓语之间出现插入语，故考试中经常考到主谓一致。除了以上特殊名词谓语有特殊要求外，现将主谓一致的考点归纳如下：1 复数原则：两个或者两个以上的名词由and连接作主语时；主语由both and 连接时，谓语动词用复数。baseball and swimming are usually summer sports.both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那个杂货店既卖面包，也卖黄油。2 就近原则： 由 either or ; ne

10、ither nor ; not onlybut also; or ； there be 等引导的主语， 谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近动词的名词的单复数。not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party.3 就远原则：主语， as well as +另一个主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于第一个主语的名词的单复数。my mother, as well as my two brothers, has a key to the office.我母亲，还有我的两个哥哥都有一把办公室的钥匙。同例：with;

11、together with; along with; including; in addition to; besides ; except; as much as; accompanied by ; rather than等等4 表示时间、距离、价值、量度的复数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor .Twenty days have passed since i met her last time. 自从我上次见到她到现在已经过去二十天。 ( twenty days 这里不作整体看待， 故谓语动词

12、用复数。)5and连接两个名词表示一个概念做主语时，谓语用单数; 若表示的是多个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。War and peace is a constant theme in literature.战争与和平是文学中永恒的主题。(war and peace是一对概念，看作一个主题)同例： love and hate The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our university tonight. (指同一个人)The writer and the translator are delivering a speech

13、in our university tonight. (指两个人)Exercises:( )【2015湖北荆门】1. Would you like to go to the space museum?Id live to, but I havent made (a ) . I ll think about it. A. progress B. mistake C. mess D. decision ( )【2015江苏镇江】2. After reading the novel Treasure Island, Paul has more _ than before because of the

14、 main character, brave Jim.A. humor B. wealth C. luck D. courage( )【2015广东佛山】3. Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of _ favorite toys. A. childB. childrenC. children'sD. chilgs( )【2015宁夏】4. Listen! Who is singing? Its Betty. She has a sweet _. A. sound B. voice C. noise D. speech

15、( )【2015 云南昆明】5. The mascot (吉祥物）of Rio 2016 Olympic Games is_ good luck.A. the number of B. the symbol of C. the day of D. the color of( )【2015四川德阳】6. Would you like some _? Oh, yes, just a little. A. rice B. carrots C. eggs D. bananas ( )【2015江苏南通】7. Where are you going to spend your summer holida

16、y, Jenny? I haven't made a _ yet. I'm going to talk about it with my family tomorrow.A. decisionB. promiseC. journeyD. suggestion( )【2015湖北鄂州】8. I always get nervous when I start a(n) _ with others. Take it easy. Believe in yourself.A. expressionB. introductionC. communicationD. celebration(

17、 )【2015四川广安】9. How many can you see in the picture?Two. A. dog B. child C. clothing D. sheep ( )【2015四川凉山】10. _ fathers didnt come to the meeting. Why? Because they have gone to Beijing. A. Jeffs and Amys B. Jeff and Amy C. Jeffs and Amy D. Jeff and Amys ( )【2015浙江温州】11. Annie has a _, and she is go

18、ing to see her dentist today. A. cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache ( )【2015山东泰安】12. The Chinese Saying “A tree cant make a forest” tells us that_is very important in a football match. A. abilityB. decision C. teamworkD. experience( )【2015山东潍坊】13. On September 3 there will be some_ in China to cele

19、brate the 70-year victory of the Anti-Japanese War. A. actions B. projects C. traditions D. activities( )【2015山东日照】14. Premier Li said we should speed up the Internet and lower the_.A. money B. price C. value D. service ( )【2015江苏泰州】15I'm tired out these days.Well, you'd better keep a _ betw

20、een work and play.A. promise B. diaryC. balanceD. secret( )【2015江苏扬州】16. - Finding information is not a big deal today. - Well, the _ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not. A. courageB. messageC. challengeD. knowledge( )【2015湖北宜昌】17.There are a lot of _ of bike riding. I agree.

21、 Its good for the environment and it saves money. A. instructionsB. instrumentsC. advantagesD. products ( )【2015湖北十堰】18. I am afraid to ask questions because of my poor _. Youd better practice speaking more. A. introduction B. inspiration C. pronunciation D. information ( )【2015河南】19. - Is this phot

22、o taken in Tibet?Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountain in the _ photo. A. formB. backgroundC. shapeD. instruction( )【2010湖北·黄冈】20. - David has been away for more than 25 days -I miss him very muchYou know，25 days shortA. is B. isnt C areD. arent完形填空At the present time, more and more people l

23、ove travelling. It's a very good  21  of gettingto know new people and cultures and acquiring（获得）experiences. It helps travellers   22   alot. Travel can make our minds become    23  .But travel does more than all that. I

24、t can also make us more creative. In recent years, some professors have been doing research on what many people have already learned from travel experiences. They believe that spending time abroad has the   24  to affect（影响）people's mind. For example, they found that the students who l

25、ived abroad for a longer period were better at   25   problems creatively than those who did not. If you stay in the same place, you can't experience new sights, new smells, new sounds and new cultures. All these can    26   your mind and make it

26、 more active    27   ,that doesn't mean the more places you've been, the more creative you'll become. Another group of professors have been doing   28    research. They found the people who often travelled from one place to another d

27、idn't have enough  29   toimmerse（使沉浸）themselves in a new place and a new culture. They weren't as creative asthe people who spent the time   30   getting to know a place. You have to interact（相互影响）with the places you go to and then you can benefit（得益）from it.If

28、 you go travelling, which do you prefer, staying in a place for a certain period or rushingall the way.( ) 21. A. way B. area C. sign D. state( ) 22. A. present B. produce C. get D. check( ) 23. A. thicker B. smoother C. wider D. healthier( ) 24. A. ability B. possibility Cpersonality D. difficulty(

29、 ) 25. A. solving B. causing C. controlling D. spreading( ) 26A. set up B. wake up C. turn up D. clean up( ) 27. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However( ) 28. A. secret B. rapid C. common D. similar( ) 29. A. interest B. money C. time D. quality( ) 30. A. nearly B. probably C. hardly D. real

30、ly阅读理解       Some people have a very poor sense of direction. Unlucky , I am one of them. I have visited a place many times but I may still get lost there the next time.When I was a little girl, I never dared ask strangers the way. And so I used to walk round in circle

31、and hope that by chance I would get to the place I was going to.Now , I am no longer too shy to ask people for directions, but I often receive helpless or even wrong information. So I try to avoid giving people wrong directions. If anyone asks me the way somewhere, I would say, "sorry, I am a s

32、tranger here."Once on my way to work I was stopped by a man. He asked me if I could tell him the way to the Friendship Building. I gave him my usual reply. But just as I walked on only a few steps. I realized that he had asked the way to my office building. However, I had no time to turn back a

33、nd look for him. I was rushing to meet with someone at my office and I didn't want to keep him waiting.When I just got to my office, the secretary showed in the man who had asked me for directions. Imagine how embarrassed I was and how surprised he was when we saw each other at the fir

34、st sight!( ) 36 The writer always refuses to give people directions because            .A. she's a strange to the city          B. she doesn't know the people   C. she has

35、no time to help others       D. she's afraid of giving wrong directions.( ) 37. A man stopped the writer on the way to         .A. sell her something         B. ask for the time

36、0;   C. make friends with her      D. ask for the directions.( ) 38. The Friendship Building is the place where the writer            . A. lives      B. studies 

37、0;    C. works      D. teaches( ) 39. The word "embarrassed"   in the last paragraph means "           " .A. 尴尬      B.困惑    

38、  C.激动      D.拮据 ( ) 40. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The writer is too shy to give others directions       B. The writer has a very poor sense of directionsC. The writer never got lost when she was y

39、oung.D. The man was quite nervous when he saw the writer.任务型阅读A Is there a chocolate - powered racing car in the world? Hey! You have read(A) _ childrens books! But wait! Now, there is really such a racing car in the world. A team from a British university made it. The chocolate powered racing cars

40、engine(发动机) uses the waste from choclate factories or vegetable oil as fuel. Its body (B) 用土豆制成，its steering wheel is make from carrots, its seat is made of soybeans, (C) _ its brake pads (刹车片) are made from nuts! Well, can this car run very fast? (D) Certainly! It can go from zero to 60miles per ho

41、ur in 2.5 seconds, and go as fast as 135miles per hour. When the racing car is running , it cleans itself and lets out oxygen. “It took us more than nine mouths to (E) complete the racing car,”said a team member. “The car is really green. You can find many of the cars parts at a farmers market, or e

42、ven in a litter. bin because most of the materials are waste in most peoples eyes. Its fun.” However,(F)this eco-friendly(环保的)car cannot be driven in the official(正式的)race because of the engines unusual fuel. 根据短文内容回答下列各题。1. 在文中(A)和（C）的空白处分别填入适当的词。（A）_ (C) _2.将文中画线部分（B）译成英语。_3.写出文中画线部分（D）和（E）的同义词或近义

43、词。(D) _ (E) _4.写出文中画线部分（F）的同义句。The engines unusual fuel makes it _ to _ this eco-friendly car in the official race.5. 从文中找出能说明本文中心大意的短语。 _BThe giant panda is one of the most popular animals in the world. A giant panda can grow up to 1.5 meters long and weigh up to 160kg. People think the giant panda is very lovely. (1) So it is not surprising that the World Wide Fund for Nature chose the giant panda as its symbol. The WWF tells people about animals that they are in danger and raise money to save them. The giant panda only lives in