中科院2007考博英语真题-

1、TIIE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIEICE5ENGLISH ENTRANCE EJCAMINATION FORDOCTORAL CANDIDATES14farch 2007PAPER ONEPAPER ONEPART 1 VUCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 4.5 point each1. Reductions in overseas government expenditure took place, but _and more gradually than now seems desirable.A: reluctantlyB: unw

2、ittinglyC. impulsivelyD: anxiously2. In fear for their lives and in _of their freedom, thousands of enslaved women and children fled to the Northern States on the eve of the American Civil War.A. WayB. viewC. visionD. pursuit3. If I could ensue a reasonably quick and comprehensive solution to the cr

3、isis inIraq, t would not have entitled my speech “the_ problem.”A. InstantB: InverseC. InsolubleD. Intact4. Some of the patients, especially the dying, wanted to _ in the man and woman who had eased their suffering.A. confideB. ponderC. wellD: reflect5. We all buy things on the _ of the moment; this

4、 is what the retail trade calls an “impulse “buy.A: urgeB. forceC. spurD. rush.6. Nothing has ever equaled the _ and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world.A. concernC. volumeD. carelessness7. The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic driv

5、e that was _ called "hot" and later "swing."A. shortlyB. initiallyC. actuallyD. literally8. The depth of benefits of reading varies in _ the depth of one's ones experienceA. tempo withB. time withC. place ofD. proportion to9. Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at

6、the reprocessing plant, though, he would never allow his personal feelings to _ with an assignment.A. interruptB. botherC. interfereD. intervene10. His _ with computers began six months ago.A. imaginationB. invocationC. observationD. obsession11. I like cats but unfortunately I am _ to them.A. vulne

7、rableB. allergicC. inclinedD. hostile12. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become_ and are no longer used in the present days.A. obsoleteB. obsceneC. obviousD. oblique13. One of the main ways to stay out of trouble with government agents is to keep a law_ away from those si

8、tuations wherein you call attention to yourself.A. mannerB. positionC. profileD. station14. With 1 million copies sold out within just 2 weeks, that book is indeed a _ success.A. provisionalC. sentimentalD. potential15. As the core of the management hoard, he can always come up with _ ideas to promo

9、te the corporation's marketing strategies.A. integralB. instinctiveC. intangibleD. ingeniousl6. They speak of election campaign polls as a musician might of an orchestra _, or a painter of defective paint.A. in paceB. out of focusC. in stepD. out of tune17. Surely it doesn't matter where cha

10、rities get their money from: what _much is what they do with it.A. taunts forB. asks forC. consists ofD. approves ofl8. Any business needs ordinary insurance_ risks such as fire, flood and breakage.A. inB. againstC. raftD. of19. As he was a thoroughly professional journalist, he already knew the med

11、ia_.A. to and froB. upside and downC. inside and outD. now and then20. There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, _, there was little to disprove it.PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 pointsThere is a closer relationship between morals and architecture and interior decoration

12、_21, we suspect. Huxley has pointed out that Western ladies did not take frequent baths _22 they were afraid to see their own naked bodies, and this moral concept delayed the_23 of the modern white-enameled bathtub for centuries. One can understand, _24 in the design of old Chinese furniture there w

13、as so little consideration for human_ 25 only when we realize the Confucian atmosphere in which people moved about. Chinese redwood Furniture was designed for people to sit_26 in, because that was the only posture approved by society.Even Chinese emperors had to sit on a (n _27 on which I would not

14、think of_28 formore than five minutes, and for that matter the English kings were just as badly off. Cleopatra went about_29 on a couch carried by servants, because_30 she had never heard of Confucius. If Confucius should have seen her doing that, he would certainly have struck her shins with a stic

15、k, as he did_31 one of his old disciples, Yuan Jiang, when the latter was found sitting in an_32 posture. In the Confucian society in which we lived, gentlemen and ladies had to_33 themselves perfectly erect, at least on formal_34 , and any sign of putting one's leg up would be at once considere

16、d a sign of vulgarity and lack of_35.21. A. for B. than C. as D. that22. A. if B. when C. because D. though23. A. rise B. existence C. occurrence D. increase24. A. what B. where C. how D. why25. A. care B. choice C. concern D. comfort26. A. upright B. tight C. fast D. stiff27. A. armchair B. throne

17、C. altar D. couch28. A. moving B. keeping C. remaining D. lasting29. A. traveling B. staying C. wandering D. reclining30. A. fortunately B. frankly C. accordingly D. apparently31. A. in B. on C. to D. at32. A. responsible B. incorrect C. immoral D. imperfect33. A. hold B. sit C. behave D. conduct34.

18、 A. conditions B. situations C. occasions D. instances35. A. culture B. confidence C. morality D. modestyPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 pointsPassage OneMost people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is a lot of specializati

19、on, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face the courts if they handle things badly.But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way i

20、n which health care is organized and financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking after the less fortunate and the elderly.But even with this huge public part of

21、 the system, which this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars-more than 10 percent of the U.S. budget-large numbers of Americans are left out. These include about half the I1 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where

22、it can.The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control over the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services. Over than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced withtoothache, a s

23、ick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up.Two-thirds of the populations are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill.The medical profession has as a result become America's new

24、 big businessmen. The average income of doctors has now reached $100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctor's surgery is as likely to be about the doctor's latest financial deal, as about whether the minor operation he is recommending at several thousand dollars is entirel

25、y necessary.The rising cost of medicine in the U.S.A. is among the most worrying problem facing the country. In 1981 the country's health cost climbed 15.9 percent-about twice as fast as prices in general.36. In the U.S. patients can effect, in medical _.A. occasional mistakes by careless doctor

26、sB. a great deal of personal attentionC. low charge by doctors and hospitalsD. stacking nurses and bad services37. Doctors and hospitals try hard to avoid making mistakes because _.A. they fear to be sued by the patientsB. they care much about Their reputationC. they compete for getting more patents

27、D. they wish to join the private medical system38. What do most Americans think about health in the U.S.?A. It must be in total chaosB. It must be a free competition systemC. It should cover the unemployedD. It should involve private care.39. From Paragraph 3 we know that _from the public health sys

28、tem.A. millions of jobless people get support.B. those with steady income do not seek help.C. some people are made ineligible to benefit.D. those with private health care are excluded.40. According to the author, what is the key factor in the rise of health cost in the US?A. The refusal of insurance

29、 companies to pay the billsB. The increase of the number of doctors and hospitalsC. the lack of government control over the medical pricesD. The merger of private health care with the public system.41. It is implied that American doctors often_.A. trade their professionalism for financial benefitsB.

30、 fails to recognize the paying power of the patientsC. discuss about how to make money during the surgeryD. gives the patients expensive but needless treatments.Passage twoAlmost every day the media discovers an African community fighting some form of environmental threat from land fills. Garbage du

31、mps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list go on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds.But citizens didn't remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back

32、as 1968. More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to

33、 Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions.In 1979 landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston. Followed by similar l

34、itigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention.In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C., to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities Leaders int

35、roduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what "the enviro

36、nment" was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimat

37、ely, worldwide.Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D.C., this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates; but more than 1,400 people attended the

38、four-day gathering."We are pleased that the Summit II was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, researchers, government officials We proved to the world that our planners, policy analysts and movement is alive and well, and growing," says Beverly

39、Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show environmental and health disparities between people of color and Whites.42. In Paragraph 1, the word “res idents refers to _in particularA. ethnic groups in the U.SB. the American general publicC. a Africa AmericanD.

40、 the U.S. working-class43. More than three decades ago, environments justice was _.A. controversial,among local activitiesB. First proposed by Martin Luther King Jr.C. fascinating to the civil rights groupsD. barely realized by many environmentalists44. In 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphi

41、s to help the garbage workers _.A. get relieved of some of their basic dutiesB. know what environmental justice wasC. fight for better working conditionsD. recognize their dangerous surroundings45. Paragraph 3 implies that, in 1979 _.A. the environmental justice issues were first brought to court in

42、 HoustonB. environmental activists cooperated in defying the US governmentC. the government intervention helped promote environmental justiceD. environmental problems attracted the attention of the government46. the new breed of environmental activists differed from the previous activists in that_.A

43、. they noticed environmental disparities between the rich and the poorB. they cried for government intervention in saving the environmentC. they knew what the environment really meant to the White peopleD. they practiced environmentalism outside as well as within the US47. With respect to getting en

44、vironmental justice, Summit II aimed for _.A. showing the achieved successB. attracting national attentionC. identifying relevant issuesD. finding solutions to the problemsPassage ThreeAnyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spent only “tow minutes with“baby e

45、agerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler stating to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psycho

46、logists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often in separately tied to their children's success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience

47、. So it is no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.It's not quite that simple. "Kids can be given the opportunities, but they can't before,”says Jacquelyn Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan who

48、tried a study examining what motivated first-and seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so growing number of educators and psychosiss do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don't seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taki

49、ng, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop thr

50、oughout life. The message is that everything is within the kids' control, that their intelligence is malleableSome experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into disappearance of drive in some kids. Educators say it's important to

51、expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students that many studentsexperience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions says Michael Nakkula, a Harvard educatio

52、n professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future, which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to tell them the notion that Glasswork is irrelevant is not true, to show the

53、m how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that they have to learn to walk before they can run.48. The passage is mainly about _.A. when in one's life ambition is most neededB. what to do to reform the edu

54、cation systemC. why parents of underachievers are ambitiousD. how to help school children develop their ambition49. According to the passage, most educators believe that many kids _.A. show a lack of academic ambition at birthB. amaze their parents by acting like adultsC. become less ambitious as th

55、ey grow upD. get increasingly afraid of failing in school50. Paragraph 1 mentions some parents who would see their kids' failure as_.A. naturalB. trivialC. intolerableD. understandable51. The word "malleable" in Paragraph 3 most probably means _.A. justifiableB. flexibleC. uncountableD

56、. desirable52. Some experts suggest that many kids lose ambition in school because they are_.A. cut off from the outside worldB. exposed to school work onlyC. kept away from class competitionD. labeled as inferior to others53. The last paragraph implies_.A. the effectiveness of Project IFB. the sign

57、ificance of class workC. the importance of walking to runningD. the attainment of different life goalsPassage FourJan Hendrik Schon's success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laborites, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers-one every 16

58、days-dealing new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nanotechnology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers-which also happened to appear in thetwo most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature-the jig was up.