持续性动词和瞬间动词

1、持续动词与瞬间动词英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词study, play, do, read, lear n, drive, write, clea n, slea n, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。二、瞬间性动词begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become

2、, buy, borrow, le nd, happe n, jo in, I ose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。三、用法1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止已结束，例如：He has studied English for three years.（他学英语已有 3 年了。）He has joined the Party.（他已入党了。）Mum isn't at home. She has go ne to the l

3、ibrary.（妈妈不在家，她去图书馆了。）2、 持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如：His pare nts talked with the teacher for half an hour.（他父母跟老师谈了半个小时。）My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.（我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。）My pare nts have lived in Sha nghai si nee 1950.（我父母从 1950 年起就住在上海了。）3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：（1）用意思相当的

4、持续性动词来替换，例如：He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.（他参军已有 3 年了。）不能用 has joined She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。 ）不能用 has got upHas your brother bee n away from home for a long time?（你哥哥离家已有好久了吗？）不能用 has left初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：2、come-be here4、leave-be away (be not here)6

5、、borrow-keep8、begin-be on10、open-be open12、lose-be lost14、turn on-be on16、sit down-sit/be seated18、 become-beI、go-be away3、come back-be back5、buy-have7、die-be dead9、finish-be overII、close-be closed13、get to know-know15、get up-be up17、join-be in (.) 或 be a.member(2 )用it is.si nee.结构来替换瞬间动词，例如:电影已经开映5

6、分钟了。(两种方法)The film has bee n on for five minu tes.It's five minu tes since the film bega n.他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法)He has bee n away from Shan ghai for three days.It is three days since he left Shan ghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。（一种方法）It's two weeks since I returned the book to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法）

7、How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如:I have n't see n you for a long time.（好久没见至 M尔了。 ）Exercises一、根据所给的词组，把瞬间动词转换为延续性动词 arrive at/in get to/reach. come/go/move to.t be in ./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beiji ng five minu tes ago.HeBe

8、iji ng for2) I moved to the USA last year.Ithe USA since3) I went home yesterday.Ihome for4) They came here last week.Theyhere since. come/go back, return t be back come/go out t be out1) He came out two years ago.Hefor2) We retur n to Fuzhou yesterday.Weto Fuzhou si nee become t be1) I became a tea

9、cher in 2000.Ia teacher for.2) The river became dirty last year.The riverdirty for. close t be closed open t be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shopfor.2) The door ope ned at six in the morning.The doorfor six hours. get up t be up; die t be dead ; leave . t be away from . ； finish/end t be

10、 over； fall asleep/get tot sleep t be asleep; marry t be married ;1) I got up two hours ago.Isi nee.2) He left Fuzhou just now.HeFuzhou for five mi nu tes.3) My gran dpa died in 2002.My gran dpafor.4) The meet ing fini shed at six.The meeti ngfor six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.Isince.6) T

11、hey married in 1990.Theysince. start/begin to do sth. do sth. ； beginbe on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.Iat this school since.2) The film bega n two minu tes ago.The filmfor. borrowkeep; lose not have ; buy have ; put on wear ； catch/get a coldt have a cold ； get to know know1) They bor

12、rowed it last week.Theyit si nee.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.Ia pen for.3) I got to know him last year.Ihim si nee.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.Imy glasses for. have/has gone to t have been inHe has gone to Beiji ng.HeBeiji ng for two days. join the league/the Party/the armyt be a leag

13、ue/a Party member/a soldiert be a member of the league/the Partyt be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.Heafor two years.Heathefor two years.Hethe league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brotherafor.My brotherinfor two years.二、瞬间动词、延续性动词转换：1.

14、The film bega n 10 minu tes ago.2, I got a cold two days ago.3, The film fini shed 5 minu tes ago.4, The man came here ten minu tes ago.5, Linda and Frank married in 1989.6, My gran dpa died ten years ago.7, I borrowed a book 5 days ago.8, The sn ake fell asleep ten days ago.9, My pare nts went out a week ago.10, I bought a bike in 2007.11, He became a teache