复合宾语和双宾语

1、你这句话是复合宾语不是双宾语,判断其是双宾语还是复合宾语要看间接宾语和直接宾语有没有逻辑关系,比如你这句话的直接宾语是Jim,间接宾语是to give the class a talk,谁来give a talk,很明显是Jim,那么直接宾语Jim和间接宾语to .直接就存在逻辑关系,所以这句话就是复合宾语。点击一:什么是双宾语?什么是复合宾语?1、英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语"。如:My parents bought me a compu

2、ter.我父母给我买了一台电脑。2、英语中有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,否则句子意思就不完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为"复合宾语"。句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语"。能作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、介词短语等。如:He made us laugh.他使我们哈哈大笑。点击二:双宾语用法要点1、间接宾语可以改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语后面。如: He gave her some chips. = He gave some chips to her.2、以下几种情

3、况通常要用介词to或for引起的短语:1当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them时。如:This book is Mr Wang's. Please give it to him.2当强调间接宾语时。如:Mother cooks meals for us every day.3当间接宾语比直接宾语长一些时。如:On the bus, she often gives her seat to the old person.3、由to引出间接宾语的动词有:give, show, pass, lend, take, tell等;由for引出间接宾语的动词有:buy, make, cook, get

4、, sing, read等。点击三:复合宾语用法要点1、常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, make, find等。如:We must keep our classroom clean.2、常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:call, name, make, think等。如:We call them mooncakes.3、常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, find, keep 等。如:In the country, we can hear birds singing.4、常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, find, leave等。

5、如:I left my pen on my desk at home.5、常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, tell, want, teach, wish等;接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, make, let等。如:I often see him play football.She often asks me to help her.注:help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如:I often help my mother(to do some housework.点击四:怎样区分"双宾语&q

6、uot;和"复合宾语"?看宾语与其后面的成分之间的关系:如果宾语与其后成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系(或主表关系,那么该动词所接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语。如: Who kept you waiting so long? (宾语you与waiting之间存在着主谓关系,因此you waiting是复合宾语。动名词在形式上,和现在分词相同,然而现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点;而动名词具有名词的特点。因此在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语。例如:Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。(主语Seeing is belie

7、ving.眼见为实。(主语Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一个目标是结束国家的混乱状态。(表语What he got in his mind was walking all the way to town.他心中的想的办法是一路步行进城。(表语My job is teaching.我的工作是教学。(表语To keep money that you have found is stealing.私藏拾到的钱等于偷窃。(表语Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了。(宾语I have finished w

8、riting this book.我已经写完这本书了。(宾语She left without saying good-bye to us.她没有向我们告别就走了。(介词宾语My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜欢滑冰。(介词宾语Thank you for giving me some help. 谢谢你给我些帮助。(介词宾语§10由于动名词是动词的一种形式,因此动名词也具有动词的一些特征。动名词可以带直接宾语;可以被副词修饰。例如:My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。(stamps是动名词collecting的

9、宾语Meeting you has been a great pleasure.见到你是件很快乐的事。(you是动名词meeting 的宾语I like driving fast. 我喜欢开快车。(副词fast修饰动名词driving动名词还有几种形式:主动形式被动形式一般式being done完成式Having doneHaving been done§ 11动名词(短语的句法功能:1.动名词具有名词的特征,做主语。例如:Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。Sweeping the floor is my wife's everyday work.

10、扫地是我妻子的日常工作。Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处。【注意】注意以下句型,“it”是形式主语,动名词是正真的主语。动名词做主语时谓语动词用单数。例如:It is no good smoking and drinking. I suggest that you should give them up.吸烟喝酒没有好处。我建议你应该戒掉。It is a waste of time watching TV all day.整天看电视是浪费时间。It is no use operating on this w

11、oman. She ought to have been sent here two hours ago. 给这个妇女做手术已经没有用了,她本来应该在两个小时之前送来。Living together with you has been a great pleasure.和你住在一起真高兴。My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。The only thing that interests her is dancing.唯一使她感兴趣的事情是跳舞。The real problem is getting to know the needs of the custome

12、rs.真正的问题是了解消费者的需要。To keep money you have found is stealing.捡到钱不交等于偷窃。【注意】一般来说,动名词作表语表示主语的内容;而现在分词作表语表示主语的特征和属性。例如:The work assigned to us is bringing the chairs downstairs.分配给我们的工作是把椅子带下楼来。(表示主语的内容Her job is raising pigs. 她的工作是养猪。(表示主语的内容The film was exciting. 这部电影激动人心。(表示主语的特征It is annoying that th

13、e meeting should be put off. 会议延期了使人扫兴。(表示主语的特征3.作宾语Andrew hated giving anaesthetics. 安德罗极不喜欢麻醉工作。I wouldn't mind going there with her.与她一起去那儿,我没有意见。I assure you I wouldn't have troubled you if I could have avoided doing so. 我可以向你保证,如果当时我能避免的话,我是决不会麻烦你的。I enjoy listening to music.我喜欢听音乐。She

14、couldn't risk missing that train. 我不能冒险误过那次火车。I have finished writing this novel. 我已经写完了这本小说。【注意】1.只能用动名词作宾语,而不能用不定式作宾语的动词有:admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, dislike, enjoy, excuse, face, fancy, finish, grudge, ca

15、n't help, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, require, stand, suggest, understand, give up, leave off, put off等等。2.在下列动词之后即可以用不定式,也可以用动名词。这样的动词有:like, love, hate, prefer, begin, commence, start, continue, attempt, intend, pro

16、pose, can't bear, cease, choose, decline, deserve, disdain, dread, endure, forget, learn, mean, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, regret, try等等。例如:Do you like swimming( to swim? 你喜欢游泳吗?We began listening (to listento music.我们开始听音She propose making(to makea change in our studying plan. 她建议把我们的学习计

17、划做一些改动。3.下列动词后既可接不定式,也可接动名词,但所表示的意思不同。例如:1remember to do something 记住要做某事remember doing something 记得曾经做过某事例如:I remember posting the letter.我记得我把封信发出了。Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住替我发信。I remember seeing this film.我记得曾经看过这部电影。I should remember to see the film.我应该记住去看这部电影。2forget to do

18、something 忘记要做某事forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事例如:I shall never forget seeing the Swiss Alps for the first time.我将永远忘不了我第一次游览瑞士阿尔卑斯山的情景。I am afraid he will forget to write to me. 恐怕他会忘记写信给我。3 stop to do something 停下某事去做stop doing something 停止做某事例如:I really must stop smoking. 我的确该戒烟。I have been working all the

19、 morning. I have to stop to smoke a cigarette. 我已经工作了一上午了,我得停下抽支烟。4 try to do something 设法做某事try doing something (做某事试试例如:Try to do your duty well. 尽力做好本职工作。Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.前门没有人听见你的声音,那么敲敲后门试一试。5regret to do something 因做某事感到悲哀(不愉快regret doing 因做某事

20、感到后悔例如:I regret causing him so much inconvenience.我因给他带来许多不便而感到懊悔。I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer your employment.我很抱歉地通知你,我们不能接受你的雇用。6mean doing 意味着或意思是mean to do something 打算做某事或想要做某事例如:We know that learning a language does not mean just working in a class. 我们知道,学习一种语言并不意味着只是在课堂

21、里学习。I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我并没有想伤害你的感情。7go on to do something (做完某事接着做另一件事go on doing something 继续做某事例如:I hope it won't go on snowing all day and all night. 我希望雪不要整天整夜下个不停。Our teacher welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the school regulations. 在欢迎新生后,我们的老师开始解释

22、学校的规章制度。8need to do something 需要做某事(表示主动need doing something 需要(表示被动例如:You need to work harder. 你需要更加努力学习。Your house needs painting. 你的房子需要油漆了。9want to do something 想做某事(表示主动want doing 需要(表示被动例如:I want to study French.我想学习法语。The electric shaver wants repairing before it can be used. 电动剃须刀需经修理才能使用。10

23、begin和start在下列三种情况下最好用动名词。A.主语是物而不是人时。例如:The ice began(started to melt. 冰开始融化。The barometer began (startedto fall. 气压计开始下降。B.当begin或start 用于进行时态时。例如:She is beginning (starting to cook the dinner.她开始做饭。C.当begin或start后面的动词指心理状态或精神活动时。例如:I began to understand my past mistakes.我开始认识自己过去的错误。She started t

24、o wonder who had done it. 她开始纳闷,这件事究竟是谁做的。11请比较以下句子:The buses have ceased running.公共汽车已经停了。The buses ceased to run. 公共汽车停掉不开了。第一句的意思可能是:“公共汽车今天停开,但是明天将再开。“第二个句子的意思可能是:“公共汽车将停开很长的一段时间,也可能永远不再开了。”12在like, hate, prefer动词后,如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词作宾语,如果指特定的或具体的动作时,用不定式。例如:I like watching TV. 我喜欢看电视。I'd like t

25、o watch TV this afternoon.今天下午我想看电视。I hate speaking before a big audience.我不喜欢在大庭广众面前讲话。I hate to speak at the meeting today. 我今天不愿意在会上发言。I prefer reading to watching TV.我情愿看书,不爱看电视。I prefer to watch TV today. 我今天情愿看电视。13 be afraid to do something 害怕(不敢去做某事,(常会发生对自己或别人有伤害或令人畏惧的结果;而be afraid of doing

26、 something 表示害怕(担心会发生某种不愿发生的或不应发生的情况(不一定是令人畏惧的情况,可译为“唯恐(怕”。例如:She was afraid of waking her husband up. 可能丈夫病了或很累,不应吵醒他。(恐怕发生不应发生的可能后果She was afraid to wake her husband up.(如叫醒丈夫,可能他要发火,责备她。(害怕去做应当做或必须做的事I am afraid of asking the teacher. 我害怕问老师。(要麻烦老师,是我不希望发生的I am afraid to ask the teacher. 我不敢问老师。(

27、表示有必要去问,但老师可能要批评我4.能跟动名词的动词短语很多,常见的这样短语有:accuse of , be fond of , be capable of, be keen on, be proud of , be ashamed of, be responsible for, be sick of , be tired of , beafraid of , insist on, persist in, stick to , suspect of, accuseof, think of, dream of, approve of, prevent (stop, keepfrom, hear

28、 of 等。例如:I am proud of working with you. 我为和你在一起工作感到骄傲。She is good at singing and dancing.她擅长于唱歌跳舞。I am thinking of going to the industrial exhibition this afternoon. 我想下午去看工业展览。I am interested in skating. 我对滑冰感兴趣。5.下列动词短语中的“to”是介词,不是不定式的符号,因此后面要接动名词或名词。accommodate oneself to 使适应于,be accustomed to(a

29、ccustom oneself to习惯于(使习惯于,be addicted to 沉湎于,admit to承认,be agreeable to欣然同意, confess to承认,confine oneself to使局限于,contribute to有助于,devoteto 把奉献给,be devoted to 献身于,专心于,be equal to能胜任,fall to 着手,have no (have anobjection to不反对,(反对,object to 反对,look forward to盼望,be opposed to反对,pay attention to 注意,lend

30、 oneself to帮助,prefer doing something to doing something 宁愿而不,see to注意,take to开始从事于,when it comes to 谈到,至于,就而论,be used to 习惯于等等。例如:When it comes to writing short essays, you had better ask his advice. 谈到写短篇文章,你最好请教他。I don't feel equal to doing the work. 我感到不能胜任这工作。I have got used to working on th

31、e night shift. 我上夜班已经习惯了。I have been looking forward to writing a novel by myself.我一起盼望自己写一本小说。She refused to admit to breaking the window.她拒绝承认打破窗子。6.动名词也可以和以下短语连用,作状语。常见的短语有:apart from, for fear of, in case of, with a view to, with the object of, in the event of等等。例如:We should stay at home today i

32、nstead of going to school. 今天我们应该呆在家里而应去上学。He did such a thing with the object of improving his oral English. 他这样做完全是为了提高英语口语水平。§ 12动名词的完成式与被动形式1.动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作(即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作或者是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作。例如:I hate going out in such weather.我讨厌这种天气出门。He put off making a decision. 他拖延时间,不做决定。2.动名

33、词的完成式表示一个动作完成状况,通常发生在谓语动词的动作之前。例如:I am proud of having written such a good novel.我写了一本这样好的小说,感到很骄傲。You should have apologized for not having kept your promise.你没有遵守诺言本来应该向我表示歉意。I remember having seen this film before. 我记得以前看过这部电影。I have failed again. I regret not having taken his advice. 我又失败了。我后悔没有

34、听他的劝告。Do you remember having ever promised me that? 你记得曾经答应过我这件事吗?【注意】1.在实际应用中,虽然动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的,但我们可以用动名词的一般式。例如:Excuse me for coming late. 原谅我来晚了。On arriving home, he called me. 他一到家,就给我打电话了。Thank you for attending the meeting instead of me.谢谢你替我去参加了会议。2.如果一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这个动作的承受者时,这个动名词一般来说要用被动

35、形式。例如:You can't go out without being allowed. 没有人批准你不能出去。You can't eat anything before being operated on. 在动手术之前你不能吃东西。This math problem is far from being worked out. 这道数学难题没有解出来。Did you mind being punished by the teacher? 你受到老师的惩罚不介意吗?She was furious at being denied admittance. 不让她去她很生气。

36、67;13使用动名词应注意的几个问题1.动名词的复合结构:如果一个动名词或动名词短语前用一个物主代词或名词的所有格(在口语中可以用宾格代词来表示动名词的逻辑主语,这种结构被称为动名词的复合结构,动名词的复合结构具有以下句法功能:主语、宾语、表语等。例如:It is no use your telling me not to worry. 你告诉我别担心是没有用的。(主语Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong. 你的正确未必就意味着我的错误。(主语或宾语The firm have deferred my going

37、 on holiday until next month. 商行已经把我的休假时间推迟到下个月。(宾语What's troubling me is your not having enough money.使我烦恼的是你没有足够的钱。(表语What made the teacher angry was Lipin's making much noise. 使教师生气的是李平的吵闹。(表语He laughed at my brother and me liking rice pudding.他嘲笑我的兄弟和我喜欢大米布丁。(用宾格代词,作介词的宾语There is no need

38、 for that being done.做那件事没有必要。2.动名词做主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如:Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来支援对我们是很大的鼓舞。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。3.当动名词作宾语而又带有自己的补足语(形容词或名词时,要用it代表动名词,并将它放到补足语之后。例如:I found it no use arguing with you.我觉得与你辩论是徒劳无益的。I don't think it worthwhile buying such a dict

39、ionary. 我认为这样的词典不值得一买。Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一试会有好处吗?【注意】能够用于这一句型常见的动词有:consider, find, think等。能用于这一句型常见的形容词和名词有:any good, no use, no good, worthwhile, useless, senseless, dangerous 等。4.下列短语中的介词常常省略,因此后面要接动名词。1Spend time(money (in 花时间(钱(干某事,2be busy (in 忙于(干某事3lose no time (i

40、n 不失时机(干某事4There is no point (in(干某事毫无意义5waste time (in 浪费时间(干某事6keep on 继续(干某事7have no difficulty (in (干某事没有困难8have fun (in (干某事有趣9have (notrouble (in (干某事有(没有困难10 have headaches (in (干某事 头痛11 end up (by (以干某事告终12 take turns (at 轮流(干某事13 bother (about(因干某事烦恼14 have a hard time (in(因干某事吃苦15 be throu

41、gh (with 完成16 What's the use (of (干某事有什么用?例如:You needn't bother (about coming up.你不必费心来跑一趟。Let's take turns (at doing it. 让我们轮流干吧!5.动名词可以和介词构成短语,作定语用。能够被这种定语修饰的名词有:method of , way of, surprise at, art of, opportunity of, habit of, hope of, process of, possibility of , importance of, nece

42、ssity of, intention of , means of , right of, experience of, reason for等。例如:Do you have any experience in running schools? 你有管理学校的经验吗?What's your reason for coming late? 你晚来是什么原因?You must take this opportunity of taking part in the Asian Games. 你一定要抓住参加亚运会这次机会。Do you approve of my way of dealing

43、 with this matter? 你赞成我处理这件事的方法吗?6.如果一个动名词具有很多名词的特点:可以有自己的冠词,有自己的定语,在某种情况下有复数形式;并且也失去了许多动词的特点:没有完成式和被动式,没有自己的状语和宾语,这样的动名词被称为名词化的动名词。如果要表示它逻辑上的宾语,通常在这个名词化的动名词后加上一个介词of , 再加逻辑宾语。例如:You should have given the classroom a good cleaning. 你本来应该把教室好好打扫一下。(有自己的冠词It was Tom who did the recording. 是汤姆录的音。(有自己的

44、冠词This work needs careful planning.这工作需要周密的计划。(有自己的定语Did you paid any attention to their comings and goings? 你对他们的来踪去迹注意到了吗?(有复数形式Most of the digging , moving and compressing of earth was done by machines. 挖土、运土和打夯工作大部分用机器进行。(有自己的逻辑宾语7.动名词作表语与不定式作表语的比较:动名词主要说明行为本身,用来表示抽象、泛指的动作,并不明确表示动作发生的时间,而不定式则表示某

45、次具体的,尚未发生的将来动作。例如:My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。(泛指的行为,表示职业My job is to teach them to read the text.我的工作是教会他们读课文。(表示一次具体的任务Another error they had made was to think they could beat their opponents.他们所犯的另一个错误,就是认为可能击败对手。(不定式作表语表示已经发生的动作主语如果是动名词,则表语也应用动名词,不能用不定式。主语如果是不定式,表语也应用不定式,不能用动名词。例如:Seein

46、g is believing.=To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(不能说:Seeing is to believe. To see is believing.如果动作十分抽象,已经失去动词性能而接近名词,则用动名词。例如:My hobby is gardening. 园艺是我的爱好。不说:My hobby is to garden.My favorite winter sport is skating. 我最爱好的冬季运动是滑冰。(不说:My favorite winter sport is to skate.V-ing 的非谓语动词用法: 动名词和现在分词的区别V-in

47、g 在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。现将其可以充当的句子成分列表对照如下:一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如:1. 作主语、表语动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如:Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生.(主语Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语2.

48、作宾语动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住, suggest(建议, advise, consider(考虑, practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop.from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如:Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗?3. 作定语动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如:Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。二、V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如:1. 作定语现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如:The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的