The Green Supply chain 绿色供应链

1、Strategic Operations ManagementHow does the Green Supply Chain forms and its related applications in operation management?Written ProjectByXXX29th October 2013ContentsPart 1 (21.Introduction (22. The traditional supply chains (23.The Green Supply Chains (34.Some core factors in Green Supply Chains (

2、35.Arelated application of Green Supply Chains (46.Conclusion (4Part 2 (47.Background of Apple Inc (48. The Green Supply Chain in Apple (59. The link between Apple Green Supply Chain and the factors of operation strategy (710. Conclusion (7References (8Part 11. IntroductionIn contemporary society, t

3、he increasing number of companies prefers to use the Green Supply Chains management (GSCM as their operation strategies. Is it necessary that they have to change their management methods?In recent decades, the deterioration of the environment has been seriously. "The most commonly perceived ene

4、my to environmentalprotection is manufacturing andproduction operations. That is, manufacturingand production processes are viewed asthe culprits in harming the environment, inthe forms of waste generation, ecosystemdisruption, and depletion of natural resources" (Fiksel. 1996cited inBenita M.

5、B.1999:332. That means there must be a change in operation management to reduce the use of resource. Even though why businessmen believe the GSCM method better than their existing management approaches? Owing to theGreen Supply Chains,can provide scientific methods which explain how to save money ob

6、viously and simply, eliminate waste and improve productivity.Management is a hinge method to help companies concern about product profitability, the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR,even the environmental sustainability. In this essay, I will explore the differences between the traditional suppl

7、y chains and Green Supply Chains and the advantages of Green Supply Chains. Moreover, the implementation of GSCM will be discussed.2.Traditional supply chains"The traditional supply chain is defined as an integrated manufacturing process whereinraw materials are manufactured into finalproducts,

8、 and then delivered to customers (viadistribution, retail, or both."(Benita M. B.1999:336When we talk about the traditional supply chain, every supply chain participants looks like a separate unit, they just transfer the products from one end to the other. Therefore in this kind of chain, they

9、cannot get enough information and there is limited cooperation between them(Figure 1. For example, in the early automobile supply chains, every partner may just think about their own products and concern about how to reduce their own expenditures, they usually ignore whether their actions will impac

10、t upstream and downstream supply chain. Therefore in this kind of supply chains (end to end, owing to the limited information and inadequate support to each other, the total cost of the delivery products is far more than the delivery of GSCM. Figure.1 Traditional supply chains(Benita M. B.1999:3363.

11、The Green Supply ChainsThe concept of Green supply Chains Management methods usually are embedded in the design-making process of the traditional supply chains management. Green Supply Chains concern about the environmental factors during the whole processes from purchasing raw materials to deliveri

12、ng their products to customers. "GSCM is an integrated environmental mind-set in SCM, including green product design, green material sourcing and selection, green marketing, green consumption, green manufacturing processes; green delivery of the final product to the customers, and green end-of-

13、life management of the product after its useful life has ended."(Cabral, I.,Grilo, A.,Cruz-Machado, V. 2012:17 Inside the Green supply chain, every supply chain participants share essential information to offer supports and guide each other to perform better. (Figure 2 The factual example of Gr

14、een Supply Chains will be in the part 4. Figure.2 GreenSupply Chains(Stuart E., Vivek S. 2010:104.Some core factors in Green Supply Chains.Green Procurement: Green procurement is a notion of select raw materials and products whichwill minimize the environmental influence, which includes theharmful i

15、mpact through thelifecycleof manufacturing, delivery, use and recycling.Green Manufacturing: "Green manufacturing is defined as production processes which useinputswith relatively low environmental impacts, are highly efficient, and generate little orno waste or pollution."(Vishal G et al.

16、, 2013:8Green Distribution: This kind of distribution includes the packaging and logistics. Packingcontains the factors of shape, size and the materials affect distribution. A better logistics and packing method can reduce the use of material, reduce manual work and increase the space of the store.R

17、everse Logistics: The reverse logistics includes two parts, one is the management of waste andanother one is the returns from consumers. This action can reduce the expenditures ofproducing new goods.5.Arelated application of Green Supply ChainsIn this part, the Green Supply Chain Management of Coca-

18、Colacompany will be discussedto explore how this company use this operation strategy. Four main factors will be analysed in the following case.Product RedesignCoca-Cola has designed their product packaging afresh to promoteeffectiveness andefficiency.The benefits which come from other areas of the w

19、hole supply chain are owing to the redesign of their products to adjust their packing and distribution.Packaging90% of Coca-Cola product is delivered in bottles which are recyclable, or reusable. That is why they are the leader in this area. In addition, they have built 6 recycling factories around

20、America so that they can recycle all plastics very quickly and easier.TransportationCoca-Cola develop the biggest hybridpower truck, these trucks decrease the whole resource consumption for delivery their products.Consumption and Disposal"They are leaders in reverse logistics demonstrating upfr

21、ont planning in design that allows for reuseand recycling."(Sameer K et al. 2012:12906. ConclusionFrom the industry case above, there is still a long way to go until the Green Supply Chains Management become a indispensable part of contemporary business management method. Green Supply Chains Ma

22、nagement is simply theory in operation management area and this kind of method can easily define what action should be done or not. It also offers a unique opinion to solve the bottleneck problem in operation management.Part 2 7. Background of Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is a high-tech company with a high

23、 reputation in computer and consumer industries. It was founded inCupertino, California, America in 1976. After that, Apple turned into the leader in computer industry soon. This company is famous for its innovative products in high-tech enterprises which designs, develops and sells personal compute

24、r, software and electronic products. In addition, its best well-known products are Apple-,Macintosh computers, the Mac book computer, iPod music player, iTunes store, iPhone, iMac machine and tablet computer, etc. In February 2011, Apple became the first position of sales mobile phone instead of Nok

25、ia. And in August 2011, it became the world's biggest market capitalization company for three consecutive years (hit a record $623.5 billion, now is $477.8 billion.Apple just focuses on the design and enlarge their marketing share of hardware and software. They outsource the most components of t

26、heir products to different Asian countries' manufacturer like China and Philippines. Over the past ten years, through the Implementation of demand-oriented and pragmatic design, different sales channels and streamline inventory, Apple confirmed that not simply rely on low-cost supply chain cost

27、also can get enviable achievement. However, Apple got a bad renown because its environmental problems and policy. After the mass media put some environmental pollution of Apple's under the sun, Apple increasing concern about their responsibility of society and environment,then they apply a serie

28、s of operation strategy to cater to the market and customers and carry out their obligations. The Green Supply Chain is the one of the most important strategies in Apple Inc. 8. The Green Supply Chain in Apple There are six main factors of Green Supply Chain are concerned in Apples operation strateg

29、y. From these elements, we can find that Apple apply these strategy from the initial phases to improve their reputation and their productivity performance. Design Apple implements the concept of "green products" in almost every aspect. "Our goal is to continue leading the industry in

30、reducing or eliminating environmentally harmful substance." (From Apple website Although some countries and regions still allow some toxic substances such as arsenic, brominated flame retardants (BFRs, mercury, phthalates, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Apple has changed better materials.(From Ap

31、ple website Figure.3 Toxic Materials Removal and Reduction in Carbon Emissions:Their entire product line Mac, iPod, iPhone, iPad, and accessories is free from many toxic materials.(From Apple website 5 Package Apple produces lighter, thinner and more material-efficient products. Through this action,

32、 they not only reduce the carbon emission but also help apple reduce their shipment fees and materials waste. Therefore, in a long term, Apple can get more profits from this design. For example, the packing of iPhone 5 is 28% smaller than the packing of iPhone 4 in 2007. That means that up to 60% mo

33、re iPhone 5 boxes in one shipping pallet so that fewer planes and ships are used, resulting in fewer carbondioxiderelease. Figure.4 Reduction in Packaging (From Apple website Energy efficiency By using the approach of a life cycle, Apple calculates the greenhouse gas emission not only base on the em

34、ission during producing products but also with customers use their products. Due to Apple has designed the software and hardware by themselves, they can integrate their resources easily to conserve power and reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emerged. Figure.5CO2 e Emissions per Hour of Produce U

35、se (From Apple website 6 Recycling Apple establishes recycling system begins in the design phase, Apple use a lot of recyclable material which can be recycled to use in new products.(high-grade aluminum, arsenic-free glass and strong polycarbonate. On the other hand, they design and produce the long

36、er-lasting products. For example, the battery of Macbook can be charged up to 1000 times or 5 years. Apple also has a recycling program, they promise that when the customers' products reach the end of the products' life, customers have the right to choose whether join in this program that wh

37、en apples customers want to buy a new product of Apple they can get free recycling product.(Sameer K et al. 2012:1288 9. The link between Apple Green Supply Chain and the factors of operation strategy Decision areas& Performance objectives Each of performance objectives of Apple will impact on its internal and external operation strategy.Apples “Green Pro