【凤凰译林版】高中英语基础知识【专题六_动词的时态和语态】重点

1、专题六动词的时态和语态什么是时?什么是体?什么是时态?什么是语态?一动词时态概述现在过去将来过去将来一般一般现在时be, do 一般过去时was, did一般将来时Will do进行现在进行时Be doing 过去进行时Was doing将来进行时Will be doing完成现在完成时Have done 过去完成时Had done将来完成时Will have done完成进行现在完成进行时Have been doing二动词时态的基本用法(一一般体:一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时分别表示现在、过去和将来的习惯性动作和状态。1 一般现在时(1 习惯性、经常性动作或状态we hav

2、e meals three times a day I live in Sichuan(2 表客观真理、科学事实The sun rises in the east(3 用于here, there开头的倒装句表正在发生的动作或存在的状态Here comes the bus(4 在时间或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:Well go to the park if it doesnt rain tomorrowPlease tell him about it as soon as he comes back2 一般过去时(1 Want,wonder, hope, think, int

3、end 等动词用过去往往表示“过去想要、想知道、希望、以为、打算,暗示现在已不再这样。如:I thought he was an honest man原以为.(2一般过去时常用于固定句式中。如:It is time that sb did sth 是某人该干什么的时候了Its time that we studied harder.Would rather( that sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事Id rather he came tomorrow.If only sb did sth 要是.就好了If only I were a bird!-Ann is in hospital-Oh

4、, really? I_know. I _go and visit her 第一空didnt表之前不知道,第二空will 3. 一般将来时(1 Will/shall +动词原形Fish will die without water.Ill go and visit him right now.(2 Be going to +动词原形表示计划打算要做某事。如:.He is going to speak on TV this evening.was going to 还可表示过去本打算做某事,但未做。如:- Tom,you didnt come to the party last night.-I

5、 was going to, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.(3Be about to +动词原形表示立即的将来。因此该结构不与表示将来的具体时间连用The train is about to start(二进行体1进行体表示某一时刻或阶段正在进行或存在的状态,具有暂时性和未完性特点2 表示计划安排要做的事I ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. Im taking my mum.3表示某阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此刻不一定在进行,常与these days, this week 连用we

6、 are making model planes these days.4 表示反复出现的或习惯性动作往往含赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪.常与always,all thetime,constantly等连用He is always thinking of others first 他总是先想到他人5 瞬间动词的进行体可表示将来.如: come, go, begin, arrive, start等Im leaving for Beijing next month 下个月我计划去北京6 有些动词不用于进行时态,常见的有:感觉类(look sound smell feel taste see hear等T

7、he soup tastes good情感类(like love prefer admire hate fearI love my mom and dad心态类(wish hope want need believe think understand agree know 等I dont believe my eyes.表示存在状态的词(appear, lie位于, belong, remain,haveIt lies in the mountain.(三 完成体1 现在完成时(1 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在(也许还将持续下去In the past few years, great c

8、hanges have taken place in my hometownHe has been busy writing a book recently(2 表示已经发生在过去的事情对现在的影响He has turned off the lightI have already seen the film(3 This/it is the first/second.time+that从句。that从句的谓语用现在完成时。如:This is the first time (that I have come here.This/it was the first/second.time+that从

9、句。that从句的谓语用过去完成时。如:This was the first (that I had passed the exam.(4 瞬间动词可用于完成时态但不可接表示一段时间的状语He has come to Beijing since last year (错来这个动作不可能持续一年,只能说他呆了一年.如: He lived in Beijing since last year2 过去完成时(1一件事发生在过去,而另一件事先于它发生。另外这一件事就要用过去完成时。表示从过去某一段时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一段时间的动作(在时间轴上表示 -过去-现在-将来-He said that

10、he had been abroad for 3 years.She had learned some English before she came to USABy then he had learned English for 3 years.注意:过去完成时句子里一定有表示过去的成分(2Hardly/scarcely/rarely had .donewhen; no sooner had.done than 这几个句型when 和than 从句里一般用过去时,主句用过去完成时,且倒装。表示“刚.就.”Hardly had I got home when the rain poured

11、down.No sooner had we started than the car got a flat tyre 轮胎漏气(3 It was/had been +一段时间+since从句。Since从句谓语用过去完成时It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.(4 表示愿望、打算一类的词,用过去完成时表示过去未能如愿。意为“本打算”I had hoped to see more of ShanghaiLast month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks fo

12、r the aid they_ from china.A receiveB are receivingC have receivedD had received3 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间,某一动作将会完成常用by+将来某个时间.如:By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.(四完成进行体从过去开始某一动作,现在仍在继续It has been raining for 3 days.(还将继续1.- I heard you_in a pub. Whats it like?-well, its

13、 very hard work and im always tired.A are workingB will workC were workingD will be working2.Look at the pride on toms face. He _to have been praised by the manager just nowA seemedB seemsC had seemedD is seeming3.If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _fresh watermelon in the fallA eatB w

14、ould eatC have eatenD will be eating4.My parents have promised to come to see me before i _for Africa.A have leftB leaveC leftD will leave5.If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic. But it _all dayA rainedB rainsC has rainedD is raining6.-Did you tidy your room?-No, i was going to t

15、idy my room but i _visitors.A hadB haveC have hadD will have7.Ill go to the library as soon as i finish what i_A was doingB am doingC have doneD had been doing8.What a mistake!Yes. I_his doing it another way, but without success.A was suggestingB will suggestC would suggestD had suggested9.It is the

16、 most great lecture that i _since i came to this schoolA attendedB had attended Cam attending D have attended10.When i got on the bus, i_i had left my wallet at home.A was realizingB realizedC have realizedD would realized11.I was out of town at that time, so i dont know exactly how it _A was happen

17、ingB happenedC happensD has happened12.-_you _him around the museum yet?-yes, we had a great time thereA Have;shownB do;showC had; shownD did;show13.We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody_into the office during the nightA brokeB had brokenC has brokenD was breaking14.By the time j

18、ack returned home from England, his son_from collegeA graduatedB has graduatedC had been graduatingD had graduated15.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_A was busyB is busyC had been busyD will be busy16.-you speak very good english!-thanks, i _english in Sichuan university for four yearsA st

19、udiedB studyC was studyingD had studied17.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and i_there several years agoA are goingB had beenC wentD have been南京惟越教育中学(初高课外辅导中心 三 主动与被动 （一）被动语态 1. 被动语态的构成 Be+过去分词 2. 被动语态的用法 I hadnt been invited All students are encouraged to work harder. 3. get+过去分词可以表示被动 S

20、he got married last week He fell off the car and got killed (二）主动形式表被动意义 1. “系动词 look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, get, keep 等+形容词名词” It smells good The ice feels cold His plan proved(to be practical It has gone bad 它变质了 2. 表示开始结束等动词。如 : begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, run, move 等 Work began at 7 oclock this morning The shop closes at 6p.m. every day 时态语态题解题思路 1 这件事情说的是什么时候的事（定时） 2 这个动作处于什么状态，是完成了，还是未完成，还是正