牛津英语被动语态讲解及相关练习(共7页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上前复习：用所给单词的适当形式填空1I_ (see) Tom last Friday.2_you_ (go) to the Great Wall last summer?3-Where_ you_ (put) your pen?-I_ (put) it in my pencil-box, but it's nowhere to be found.4 When_ you_ (start) to live in China?5- The train_ (leave) already.- When_ the train_ (leave)?6. Suzhou_ (cha

2、nge) a lot in the past years.7._ you ever_ (be) to Hangzhou?8. I_ (have) my sister's letter for two days.9. His parents (get) married twenty years ago.10. Let's_ (meet) at the school gate tomorrow morning.11. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao_ (hurry) off to look after the man.1

3、2. Jim_ (make) many friends since he_ (come) to China.13. They_ (know) each other for about ten years.14. He already_ (write)a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise15.- When_ she_ (leave)? - Two hours ago.英语中的语态主动语态和被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They buil

4、t a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge was built over the river by them. (被动) Many people speak English. (主动) English is spoken by many people. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用“助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成”，即“bep.p.”，其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动

5、语态由助动词be过去分词构成，时态通过动词be表现出来。什么时候使用被动语态不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some windows were broken last night. This book was published (出版) in 2005. 注意：第句This book came out in 2005. come out 是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。只强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries. Rice was first grown in China.English i

6、s learned all over the world.注意：不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，如：appear, happen, take place等。主动改为被动语态的例子：主动语态基本结构为主、谓、宾。His brother washes dishes every day. Dishes are washed every day by his brother.主(执行者) 谓 宾(承受者) 其他Peter will clean the room tomorrow. The room will be cleaned tomorrow by Peter.He must look af

7、ter the little boy. The little boy must be looked after by him.The students are watching a charity show. A charity show is being watched by the students.被动语态 1 一般现在时的被动结构：am is are done. 一般现在时的被动结构： Paper _(make) in this factory 2一般过去时的被动结构：was were done. 一般过去时的被动结构： This cup _( use)for drinking nin

8、e years ago 3 含情态动词的被动结构：can may must should be done. 4 含情态动词的被动结构： The playground can may must _(clean) after school 4一般将来时的被动结构：be going to will be done。 一般将来时的被动结构： 结构 。 A new bridge _( build) over the river here next year 5 现在进行时的被动结构：be being done. 现在进行时的被动结构： A teaching building _(build) in ou

9、r school now. 6现在完成时的被动结构 havehas been done. Thousands of trees _ _(plant) on the hills since last year 有关被动语态的几个问题 1 双宾语的被动语态 show ,pass, give sb.sth.=show, pass .give sth. to sb. buy, get, sing sb. sth.=buy, get, sing sth. for sb. My uncle gave me a new dictionary yesterday _ _/_ _. 2复合宾语的被动语态 mak

10、e/see/hear/watch sb. do sth. =sb. be made/seen/heard/watched to do sth. The boss made her work for sixteen hours a day _. 3短语动词的被动语态 We should take care of the old people very well _. 4 特殊疑问句的被动语态 Who broke my cup ？ _. (四） 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 (1)You must hand in your c

11、ompositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.(五) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”2.突出或强调动作

12、的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China.(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.主语 谓语

13、宾语（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。(七)语态转换时所注意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原

14、句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. (正确)A new computer have been bought. (错误)2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如

15、上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was showed to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find

16、, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us. 3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, th

17、ink of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down.The sp

18、orts meet will be put off because of the bad weather4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说

19、不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： Nobody can answer this question.误：The question can be answered by nobody.正：The question can not be answered by anybody.6. 当否定

20、句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如： They haven't done anything to make the river clean.误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.7. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首： Who wrote

21、 the story?误：Who was the story written?正：By whom was the story written?8. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： (1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。(2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。对比：The books sell well. (主

22、动句)The books were sold out. (被动句)The meat didnt cook well. (主动句)The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)9. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。 (1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.误：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.误：The

23、food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如： He entered the room and got his book.误：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.误：Her hand was had burned.第三，一些不及

24、物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building.误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.误：

25、The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake, few houses remained.误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught myself English.误：Myself was taught English.We love each other.误：Each other is loved.10. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结

26、构来表示，例如： 据说 It is said that 据报导 It is reported that 据推测 It is supposed that 希望 It is hoped that 众所周知 It is well known that 普遍认为 It is generally considered that 有人建议 It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric l

27、amp.练习：( ) 1. English _ in Canada. A.speaks B.are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 2. This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 3. This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 4. New computers _ all o

28、ver the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 5. Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 6. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 7. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are

29、 needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 8. Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 9. These papers_yet.A. have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written( ) 10. The sports meeting _ be held until next week.A.

30、didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't( ) 11. _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. DoesB. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 12. _ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 13. Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting heldC. wasn'

31、;t held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held( ) 14. Who was the book_?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 15. Where _ these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. Am二、典型例题 （ ）1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d（ ）2. In the art show，a lot of en

32、joyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give D has given（ ）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _

33、as "People's Writer". A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards（ ）5. Usually computers _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used（ ）6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.That's all because of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute（ ）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_, peo